Name: rearing ixodes scapularis, the black-legged tick: feeding immature stages on mice
Uploaded: 2017-05-08T13:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Rearing Ixodes scapularis, the Black-legged Tick: Feeding Immature Stages on Mice at JoVE.com

The authors acknowledge the help from the staff of Laboratory Animal Medicine, University of Nevada, Reno. MM received funding from Nevada INBRE.

下文概述的议定书（第00682号）由内华达里诺大学的机构动物护理和使用委员会（IACUC）批准，并遵循内华达大学，雷诺动物研究伦理委员会的指导方针。简言之，将小鼠用异氟醚麻醉，并使用鼻锥来维持连续的异氟醚水平20分钟。使用兽医软膏防止麻醉下眼睛的干燥。使用脚趾钳来确定麻醉水平，并且在整个程序中测量呼吸频率。将小鼠保存在单独的笼中并进行监测，直到意识恢复。小鼠仅使用?...

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	<li>Gleim, E. R., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Factors+associated+with+tick+bites+and+pathogen+prevalence+in+ticks+parasitizing+humans+in+Georgia,+USA.">Factors associated with tick bites and pathogen prevalence in ticks parasitizing humans in Georgia, USA.</a> Parasites &amp;amp; Vectors. 9 (125), 1-13 (2016).</li><li>Krober, T., Guerin, P. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=In+vitro+feeding+assays+for+hard+ticks.">In vitro feeding assays for hard ticks.</a> Trends Parasitol. 23 (9), 445-449 (2007).</li><li>Kuhnert, F. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Feeding+of+Hard+Ticks+In+Vitro:+New+Perspectives+for+Rearing+and+for+the+Identification+of+Systemic+Acaricides.">Feeding of Hard Ticks In Vitro: New Perspectives for Rearing and for the Identification of Systemic Acaricides.</a> ALTEX. 13 (2), 76-87 (1996).</li><li>Voigt, W. P., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=In+vitro+feeding+of+instars+of+the+ixodid+tick+Amblyomma+variegaturn+on+skin+membranes+and+its+application+to+the+transmission+of+Theileria+mutans+and+Cowdria+ruminantium.">In vitro feeding of instars of the ixodid tick Amblyomma variegaturn on skin membranes and its application to the transmission of Theileria mutans and Cowdria ruminantium.</a> Parasitol. 107, 257-263 (1993).</li><li>Gregson, J. D., Smith, C. N. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Ticks.">Ticks.</a> Insect Colonization and Mass Production. , 49-72 (1966).</li><li>Sonenshine, D. E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=.">.</a> Biology of Ticks. 2, (1993).</li><li>Bouchard, K. R., Wikel, S. K., Marquaedt, W. C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Care,+maintenance,+and+experimental+infestation+of+ticks+in+the+laboratory+setting.">Care, maintenance, and experimental infestation of ticks in the laboratory setting.</a> Biology of Disease Vectors. , 705-711 (2005).</li><li>Schumaker, T. S., Barros, D. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Life+cycle+of+Ornithodoros+(Alectorobius)+talaje.+(Acari:Argasidae)+in+laboratory.">Life cycle of Ornithodoros (Alectorobius) talaje. (Acari:Argasidae) in laboratory.</a> J Med Entomol. 32, 249-254 (1995).</li><li>Banks, C. W., Oliver, J. H., Hopla, C. E., Dotson, E. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Laboratory+life+cycle+of+Ixodes+woodi+(Acari:Ixodidae).">Laboratory life cycle of Ixodes woodi (Acari:Ixodidae).</a> J. Med. Entomol. 35, 177-179 (1998).</li><li>James, A. M., Oliver, J. H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Feeding+and+host+preference+of+immature+Ixodes+dammini,I.scapularis,and+I.pacificus.(Acari:Ixodidae).">Feeding and host preference of immature Ixodes dammini,I.scapularis,and I.pacificus.(Acari:Ixodidae).</a> J. Med. Entomol. 27, 324-330 (1990).</li></ol>

议定书内的关键步骤在饲养蜱时要有几个级别的安全措施，以避免意外逃跑。使用粘性胶带和水沟护理对于确保安全至关重要。将麻醉的鼠标保持在加热垫上以保持体温恒定是很重要的。我们还发现，剃须鼠标不会为蜱附着提供任何额外的好处。单个鼠标可以在指定的“蜱室”中保存在同一个笼子中一周，这进一步限制了蜱虫与人员的联系。 修改和故障排除<...

蜱是脊椎动物的专性吸血体外寄生虫和分布在世界各地。在美国，至少有11种蜱的是公众健康的重要性1病原体的载体。 肩突硬蜱负责若干病原体传播诸如莱姆病（ 布氏疏螺旋体 ）回归热（B. miyamotoi），人粒细胞无形体（ 无形体吞噬细胞 ），和巴贝虫病的病原体（巴贝虫属）。尽管肩突硬蜱的重要性作为一种疾病矢量，野生在实验室研究中收集大量这些蛛形纲动物并不总是可行的。因此，生产健康实验室饲养的蜱是靠赊账生物学的研究必不可少的，蜱病原体相互作用。 所有硬蜱（家庭硬蜱科），包括肩突硬蜱的生命周期，包括鸡蛋和三个ACTIV的e阶段：幼虫，若虫和成人。每个活动阶段饲养脊椎动物宿主。在几天的附着和喂养之间发生的蜱虫与其宿主之间发生的复杂相互作用几乎不可能使用人造饲料进行复制，并且不太可能提供足够数量的喂食蜱进行大规模饲养2,3,4 。因此，活体小鼠和兔子最常用作饲养未成熟（幼虫和若虫）和成熟阶段（成虫）蜱的宿主。在每个发育阶段，多个主机对供血的要求使得蜱饲养复杂化，并且是时间和成本密集的5,6,7 。大多数蜱饲养方案需要将小鼠保持在悬挂的网格地板笼7,8或圆柱形ca这样的尺寸，该动物不能自由地移动和新郎本身6，9，10的GE。 这些圆筒形保持架以后转移到鞋盒笼线栅。充血，独立蜱然后从下面的水收集。然而，在曝光馈此方法将导致蜱到污染的尿和粪便，可以增加真菌生长和蜱死亡率9的水。另外，它增加了从水槽蜱逃逸，以及引起应力小鼠的可能性。为了避免这些问题，我们在这里展示的塑料鞋盒型一次性笼中老鼠幼蜱喂养。此方法允许小鼠，充血蜱恢复增加的正常行为，并且降低由于污染蜱的死亡率。

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rearing ixodes scapularis, the black-legged tick: feeding immature stages on mice

肩突硬蜱 ，莱姆病的载体，是在东部和中西部的美国最重要的疾病载体之一。本种是三大主机剔需要从脊椎动物宿主的每个发展阶段血粉，而成年女性需要再现血粉。幼虫蜱附着其主机3 - 5天，喂食和脱落的主机时，完全充血。在几个不同的主机，这种依赖性和较长的附属时间怒张在实验室环境中蜱饲养复杂。然而，了解蜱生物学和蜱病原体相互作用，生产健康，实验室饲养的蜱是必不可少的。在这里，我们表现出不成熟蜱对小鼠喂食一种简单，经济高效的协议。我们修改了现有协议用于对小鼠应力减小和增大蜱通过使用一次性笼而不网格塔底供给成功和生存，以避免蜱无线的接触水被小鼠尿液和粪便污染。

我们修改现有蜱饲养协议6，10可以改善喂养效率和鼠标主机上减小的应力。结果表明，标准鞋盒风格鼠笼非常适合蜱饲养。白色的床上用品提供了美联储的刻度容易收集形成鲜明的对比。大多数蜱爬上容器壁后喂养，并很容易收集。此外，一次性的塑料盒，紧配合的盖子（常规地用于小鼠UNR住房）防止从盒剔逃逸。此外，我们?...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Rearing Ixodes scapularis, the Black-legged Tick: Feeding Immature Stages on Mice at JoVE.com

Rearing Ixodes scapularis, the Black-legged Tick: Feeding Immature Stages on Mice

健康实验室饲养蜱的生产对蜱生物学和蜱虫病原体相互作用的研究至关重要。在这里，我们展示了一种简单的方案，用于不成熟的蜱喂养，其成本效益和对小鼠的压力较小。

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Rearing Ixodes scapularis, the Black-legged Tick: Feeding Immature Stages on Mice

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