Name: measuring and altering mating drive in male drosophila melanogaster
Uploaded: 2017-02-15T14:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Measuring and Altering Mating Drive in Male Drosophila melanogaster at JoVE.com

The authors thank Mike Crickmore, Dragana Rogulja, and Michelle Frank for comments on the manuscript. Pavel Gorelik provided technical support for manufacturing the behavioral arenas. This work was conducted in Mike Crickmore's lab and is also supported by the Whitehall Foundation (Principal Investigator: Dragana Rogulja). S.X.Z. is a Stuart H.Q. and Victoria Quan Fellow at Harvard Medical School.

NOTA: Este protocolo descreve a preparação (Seções 1 - 3), execução (Seção 4), e análise (Seção 4) de ensaios de saciedade 2-D. Em seguida, utilizando estimulação dopaminérgica, como exemplo, a secção 5 mostra como combinar estimulação termogênico com ensaios de saciedade 2-D para induzir hipersexualidad. Secção 6 descreve 3 maneiras de verificar os resultados de ensaios de saciedade 2-D. Finalmente, a Seção 7 mostra como medir a recuperação da unidade de acasalamento em moscas macho. <p cla...

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Estados motivacionais pode ser saciado, mantidos e recuperados 34. Nós apresentamos um ensaio de saciedade 2-D que rapidamente e de forma robusta mede todos esses aspectos do acasalamento unidade na mosca. Este ensaio abre-se a possibilidade de utilizar mosca avançada manipulações genéticas para estudar os componentes moleculares e um circuito de comportamento motivado. O ensaio de saciedade confia na capacidade do homem para o tribunal com sucesso e copular, e p...

Trabalho em Drosophila tem proporcionado uma visão profunda e pioneira em muitos fenómenos biológicos, incluindo a natureza do gene 1, os princípios do desenvolvimento embrionário 2, ritmos circadianos 3, bem como o desenvolvimento e a fiação do sistema nervoso 4, 5, 6. A motivação permanece bastante menos conhecidas do que estes fenómenos, talvez por causa das limitações dos sistemas que foram estudados até agora. A motivação da mosca é estudado principalmente no contexto de fome, que apresenta diversos desafios devido a sua ingestão de alimentos muito pequeno por ataque de alimentação e impede que exoesqueleto sinais evidentes de deposição de gordura. Por conseguinte, existe uma necessidade de expandir os sistemas utilizados para estudar a motivação em tempo real. Nós descrevemos um quadro comportamental para o estudo da unidade de acasalamento emDrosophila. Este sistema tira vantagem das ferramentas neurogenéticos em tempo real, bem como a acessibilidade 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12 e o putativo conectoma de seus circuitos dimorfismo sexual 8, 13. Além disso, grande parte da inata 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21 e aprendeu 22, 23, 24 circuito sensório-motor namoro controle foi elaborado em detalhes, proporcionando uma rara oportunidadepara localizar o nó de circuito exato em que a motivação colide. Recentemente, relatou que, em tempo real, como nos seres humanos, os níveis de dopamina são centrais para a unidade de acoplamento 25, 26, 27. Ganhamos o acesso genética para o nível do circuito molecular-e detalhada e recebimento de neurônios na mosca, facilitando produtoras de dopamina relevantes análises deste fenómeno conservada utilizando os ensaios aqui descrita 25. Nós adicionar aos ensaios comportamentais em Zhang et ai. 25 uma nova arena comportamental plana que permite pontuação de vídeo, que chamamos de um ensaio de saciedade 2-dimensional (2-D), uma importante melhoria em relação aos métodos anteriores. Consequentemente, o novo ensaio é mais escalável e quantificável e, portanto, mais adequado para telas genéticas de genes e de neurônios envolvidas na motivação. Usamos este novo ensaio, juntamente com ensaios de namoro e neurogemanipulações magnética, para demonstrar como medir e alterar unidade de acasalamento na mosca.

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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">1/16 inch clear acrylic</td>
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			<td style="width:743px;">Used to make arenas; see Supplemental Material 1 for designs.</td>
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			<td>Used to make arenas; see Supplemental Material 1 for designs.</td>
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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">3/16 inch clear acrylic</td>
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			<td>Used to make arenas; see Supplemental Material 1 for designs.</td>
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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">1/32 inch black delrin</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">McMaster-Carr</td>
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			<td>Used to make arenas; see Supplemental Material 1 for designs.</td>
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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Hex screws, 1 inch long (50x)</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">McMaster-Carr</td>
			<td>92314A115&#160;</td>
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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Camcorder</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">Canon</td>
			<td>Vixia HF R700</td>
			<td>Can be replaced by any consumer comcorder.</td>
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measuring and altering mating drive in male drosophila melanogaster

Apesar de décadas de investigação, as bases neuronais e moleculares de estados motivacionais permanecem misteriosas. Recentemente, desenvolvemos um romance, reducionista e sistema escalável para investigação aprofundada de motivação usando a unidade de acasalamento dos machos Drosophila melanogaster (Drosophila), os métodos para as quais detalhes aqui. O paradigma comportamental centra-se na constatação de que a unidade de acasalamento dos machos diminui ao lado de fertilidade ao longo de cópulas repetidas e recupera mais ~ 3 d. Neste sistema, as poderosas ferramentas neurogenéticos disponíveis na mosca convergir com a acessibilidade genética e esquema de ligação putativo disponíveis para o comportamento sexual. Esta convergência permite o isolamento rápido e interrogatório de pequenas populações neuronais com funções motivacionais específicos. Aqui nós detalhe a concepção e execução do ensaio saciedade que é usado para medir e alterar a motivação corte na mosca masculino. usando esteensaio, que também demonstram que a baixa unidade de acasalamento dos machos pode ser superado através da estimulação neurónios dopaminérgicos. O ensaio de saciedade é simples, acessível e robusto às influências de fundo genético. Esperamos que o ensaio de saciedade para gerar muitos novos insights sobre a neurobiologia de estados motivacionais.

Para caracterizar unidade de acoplamento de Drosophila, de 3 dias de idade, Canton WT-S machos foram testados num ensaio de saciedade 2-D. Durante o curso do ensaio (4,5 h), machos acasalam uma média de 4,8 ± 0,3 (média ± erro padrão da média, SEM) vezes. Acasalamentos iniciar principalmente nas primeiras 2 h (78%) (Figura 6A, 6B) e tornam-se menos frequentes como o ensaio avança (Figura 6A, 6B). Esta redução não é devido à falta de ...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Measuring and Altering Mating Drive in Male Drosophila melanogaster at JoVE.com

Measuring and Altering Mating Drive in Male Drosophila melanogaster

Este artigo descreve um ensaio comportamental que utiliza a unidade de acasalamento dos machos em Drosophila melanogaste r para estudar motivação. Usando este método, os pesquisadores podem utilizar técnicas neurogenéticos mosca avançada para descobrir os mecanismos genéticos, moleculares e celulares que fundamentam essa motivação.

Medir e alterando Acasalamento Drive em Male<em&gt; Drosophila melanogaster</em

Despite decades of investigation, the neuronal and molecular bases of motivational states remain mysterious. We have recently developed a novel, ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Neuroscience

Measuring and Altering Mating Drive in Male Drosophila melanogaster

Single Sensillum Recordings in the Insects Drosophila melanogaster and Anopheles gambiae

Single Sensillum Recordings in the Insects Drosophila melanogaster and Anopheles gambiae

Único Recordings Sensillum na Insetos Drosophila melanogaster E Anopheles gambiae</em

The sense of smell is essential for insects to find foods, mates, predators, and oviposition sites3. Insect olfactory sensory neurons (OSNs) are enclosed ...

Neurociência

Optogenetic Stimulation of Escape Behavior in Drosophila melanogaster

Optogenetic Stimulation of Escape Behavior in Drosophila melanogaster

Optogenética estimulação do comportamento de fuga em<em&gt; Drosophila melanogaster</em

A  growing number of genetically encoded tools are becoming available that allow non-invasive  manipulation of the neural activity of specific neurons in ...

Determination of the Spontaneous Locomotor Activity in Drosophila melanogaster

Determination of the Spontaneous Locomotor Activity in Drosophila melanogaster

Determinação da atividade locomotora espontânea em<em&gt; Drosophila melanogaster</em

Drosophila melanogaster has been used as an excellent model organism to study environmental and genetic manipulations that affect behavior. One such ...

Straightforward Assay for Quantification of Social Avoidance in Drosophila melanogaster

Straightforward Assay for Quantification of Social Avoidance in Drosophila melanogaster

Ensaio simples para Quantificação de Prevenção Social<em&gt; Drosophila melanogaster</em

Drosophila melanogaster is an emerging model to study different aspects of social interactions. For example, flies avoid areas previously occupied by ...

Dyeing Insects for Behavioral Assays: the Mating Behavior of Anesthetized Drosophila

Dyeing Insects for Behavioral Assays: the Mating Behavior of Anesthetized Drosophila

Tingimento Insetos para Comportamentais Ensaios: o comportamento de acasalamento dos anestesiado<em&gt; Drosophila</em

Mating experiments using Drosophila have contributed greatly to the understanding of sexual selection and behavior. Experiments often require simple, easy ...

Conditions Affecting Social Space in Drosophila melanogaster

Conditions Affecting Social Space in Drosophila melanogaster

Condições que afetam Espaço Social em<em&gt; Drosophila melanogaster</em

The social space assay described here can be used to quantify social interactions of Drosophila melanogaster &#8212; or other small insects &#8212; in a ...

Foraging Path-length Protocol for Drosophila melanogaster Larvae

Foraging Path-length Protocol for Drosophila melanogaster Larvae

Forrageamento Protocolo Caminho de comprimento para<em&gt; Drosophila melanogaster</em&gt; Larvas

The Drosophila melanogaster larval path-length phenotype is an established measure used to study the genetic and environmental contributions to behavioral ...

The CApillary FEeder Assay Measures Food Intake in Drosophila melanogaster

The CApillary FEeder Assay Measures Food Intake in Drosophila melanogaster

O capilar alimentador ensaio mede ingestão alimentar em<em&gt; Drosophila melanogaster</em

For most animals, feeding is an essential behavior for securing survival, and it influences development, locomotion, health and reproduction. Ingestion of ...

Metabolic Analysis of Drosophila melanogaster Larval and Adult Brains

Metabolic Analysis of Drosophila melanogaster Larval and Adult Brains

Análise metabólica do melanogaster da drosófila Larval e adulto cérebros

This protocol describes a method for measuring the metabolism in Drosophila melanogaster larval and adult brains. Quantifying metabolism in whole organs ...

Morphological and Functional Evaluation of Axons and their Synapses during Axon Death in Drosophila melanogaster

Morphological and Functional Evaluation of Axons and their Synapses during Axon Death in Drosophila melanogaster

Avaliação morfológica e funcional de Axons e suas sinapses durante a morte de Axon em Drosophila melanogaster

Axon degeneration is a shared feature in neurodegenerative disease and when nervous systems are challenged by mechanical or chemical forces. However, our ...