Name: evaluating the effect of environmental chemicals on honey bee development from the individual to colony level
Uploaded: 2017-04-01T14:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Evaluating the Effect of Environmental Chemicals on Honey Bee Development from the Individual to Colony Level at JoVE.com

这项研究是由格兰特105AS-13.2.3-BQ-B1从动物局动植物卫生检验检疫，农业委员会，行政院和格兰特103-2313-B-197-002-MY3从支持部科学技术部（MOST）。

1.准备<ol><li>使1升50％的糖浆。溶解1公斤蔗糖在1L的DDH 2 O. </li><li>准备在BLD吡丙醚（PPN）的解决方案。使1.1升的10,000ppm的PPN原液，并稀释于无菌的DDH 2 O储存于4℃1 L 100毫升PPN溶液。 </li><li>稀释在BLD的PPN原液至0.1，1，10和100mg / kg的（PPM）最终浓度为下述实验。 </li><li>让PPN糖浆（为殖民地的水平）。稀释PPN股票的50％糖浆10和100ppm的最终浓度为以下实验。 </li><li>蜜蜂饲养。 注?...

<ol>
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王后限制产蛋方法和王后交换法是用于获得本协议内的现场测试设置蜜蜂基团的关键步骤。王后限制产蛋方法允许蜜蜂的生命周期的同步。因此，研究人员可以选择相同的年龄与不同剂量农药的治疗1日龄幼虫。对于女王交换法，王后被部分A（4帧）和B（5帧）以获得蜜蜂的不同发育阶段的现场测试，以评估农药和农药残留的影响之间进行交换。此外，大量的选择育雏细胞被记录在使用透明幻灯片?...

农药在环境中的存在是最严重的问题之一是影响一个蜜蜂1，2，3的使用寿命。一些研究表明农药残留量的蜂蜜蜂群和蜜蜂产品的共同存在。在台湾，农药的平均应用为11-12公斤/公顷，每年（2005至13年）。农药在台湾使用量是比欧盟国家的高，以及拉丁美洲国家的4，5。换句话说，在养蜂环境正在遭受严重的农药压力，特别是在台湾，可能在其他国家。 在西方蜜蜂是农业系统6的主要传粉昆虫之一，它也产生有价值的产品，如蜂蜜。然而，蜜蜂是博览会ED各种杀虫剂和这些农药能觅食上采集花蜜和花粉7,8时已喷洒杀虫剂花后带回蜂箱。他们还可以通过自己的目的来控制荨麻疹9，10，11内的虫害问题养蜂人暴露于杀虫剂。由于蜜蜂幼虫被护士蜜蜂为他们的发展，幼虫，无人机喂，甚至女王可能会接触到这些农药污染的花蜜和花粉12。需要解决的13多种农药对蜜蜂的毒性。 许多已作出努力，以评估环境农药残留的问题。杨等人。测试的蜜蜂幼虫在发展中的神经毒性杀虫剂吡虫啉的影响蜂箱和报道，吡虫啉亚致死剂量导致成年蜂14的嗅觉关联行为。此外，Urlacher 等。检查的有机磷农药，毒死蜱，对蜜蜂工人的学习表现在实验室条件下15的亚致死效应。在我们以前的研究中，我们评估的昆虫生长调节剂（IGR）的影响，吡丙醚（PPN），幼虫蜜蜂16。 在本文中，我们提出，以评估对蜜蜂的发展化学影响的方法。进行了描述并应用于任何个别蜜蜂或菌落蜜蜂馈送方法。起初，我们在殖民地幼虫上测试了不同浓度的农药污染的基本幼虫饲料（BLD），以评估在体内个别蜜蜂农药的影响。我们接着来模拟自然康迪特通过使用蜂箱内农药污染的糖浆中的农药的离子。在该方法中，PPN，它被广泛用于对抗有害昆虫17和有害蜜蜂幼虫和蛹16，18，19的发展，将表示该领域的农药的负面影响的指标。

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="887">
	<tbody>
		<tr height="22">
			<td height="22" style="height:22px;width:193px;">Honey bee box</td>
			<td style="width:243px;">SAN-YI Honey Factory</td>
			<td style="width:155px;">W1266</td>
			<td style="width:297px;">Honeybees rearing</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:193px;">Queen excluder (between frames)</td>
			<td style="width:243px;">SAN-YI Honey Factory</td>
			<td style="width:155px;">I1575</td>
			<td style="width:297px;">Queen limitation&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="23">
			<td height="23" style="height:23px;width:193px;">Queen excluder (on top )</td>
			<td style="width:243px;">SAN-YI Honey Factory</td>
			<td style="width:155px;">I1566</td>
			<td style="width:297px;">Queen limitation on top&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="23">
			<td height="23" style="height:23px;width:193px;">Bee brush</td>
			<td style="width:243px;">SAN-YI Honey Factory, Taiwan</td>
			<td>W1414</td>
			<td style="width:297px;">clean the bees on frame gently</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="18">
			<td height="18" style="height:18px;width:193px;">Bee feeder</td>
			<td style="width:243px;">SAN-YI Honey Factory, Taiwan</td>
			<td>P0219</td>
			<td style="width:297px;">feed sugar syrup to colony</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="63">
			<td height="63" style="height:63px;">Transparent slide</td>
			<td style="width:243px;">Wan-Shih-Chei, Taiwan (http://www.mbsc.com.tw/a01goods.asp?s_id=40)</td>
			<td>1139</td>
			<td style="width:297px;">Mark the larval area on the frames (Material: Polyethylene Terephthalate, PET) (Size= Length*Width*thick= 29.7mm*21mm*0.1mm)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:193px;">24 well tissu culture plate</td>
			<td style="width:243px;">Guangzhou Jet Bio-Filtration Co., Ltd</td>
			<td style="width:155px;">TCP011024</td>
			<td style="width:297px;">Rearing pupae from extraction</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:193px;">Autoclave</td>
			<td style="width:243px;">Tomin medical equipmenco., LTD.</td>
			<td style="width:155px;">TM-321</td>
			<td style="width:297px;">Make sterilized distilled deionized water (ddH2O)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:193px;">P20 pipetman</td>
			<td style="width:243px;">Gilson</td>
			<td style="width:155px;">F123600</td>
			<td style="width:297px;">Add PPN into bee larval food pool</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="25">
			<td height="25" style="height:25px;width:193px;">Incubator&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:243px;">Yihder Co., Ltd.</td>
			<td style="width:155px;">LE-550RD</td>
			<td style="width:297px;">Rearing pupae from extraction</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="23">
			<td height="23" style="height:23px;width:193px;">Kimwipes</td>
			<td style="width:243px;">COW LUNG INSTRUMENT CO., LTD</td>
			<td style="width:155px;">KCS34155</td>
			<td style="width:297px;">Rearing pupae from extraction</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="22">
			<td height="22" style="height:22px;width:193px;">Royal jelly</td>
			<td style="width:243px;">National Ilan University (NIU)</td>
			<td style="width:155px;">NIU</td>
			<td style="width:297px;">Make basic larval diet (BLD)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:193px;">D-(+)-Glucose</td>
			<td style="width:243px;">Sigma</td>
			<td style="width:155px;">G8270</td>
			<td style="width:297px;">Make basic larval diet (BLD)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:193px;">D-(-)-Fructose</td>
			<td style="width:243px;">Sigma</td>
			<td style="width:155px;">F0127</td>
			<td style="width:297px;">Make basic larval diet (BLD)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:193px;">Yeast extract</td>
			<td style="width:243px;">CONDA, pronadisa</td>
			<td style="width:155px;">1702</td>
			<td style="width:297px;">Make basic larval diet (BLD)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:193px;">Sucrose</td>
			<td style="width:243px;">Taiwan sugar coporation</td>
			<td style="width:155px;">E01071010</td>
			<td style="width:297px;">Make sugar syrup for bee food</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:193px;">Pyriproxyfen (11%)</td>
			<td style="width:243px;">LIH-NUNG CHEMICAL CO.. LTD.</td>
			<td style="width:155px;">Registration No. 1937</td>
			<td style="width:297px;">Insect growth regulator (IGR) used in the experiment</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

evaluating the effect of environmental chemicals on honey bee development from the individual to colony level

The presence of pesticides in the beekeeping environment is one of the most serious problems that impacts the life of a honey bee. Pesticides can be brought back to the beehive after the bees have foraged on flowers that have been sprayed with pesticides. Pesticide contaminated food can be exchanged between workers which then feed larvae and therefore can potentially affect the development of honey bees. Thus, residual pesticides in the environment can become a chronic damaging factor to honey bee populations and gradually lead to colony collapse. In the presented protocol, honey bee feeding methods are described and applied to either an individual honey bee or to a colony. Here, the insect growth regulator (IGR) pyriproxyfen (PPN), which is widely used to control pest insects and is harmful to the development of honey bee larvae and pupae, is used as the pesticide. The presenting procedure can be applied to other potentially harmful chemicals or honeybee pathogens for further studies.

为蜜蜂现场测试中，大号仅限于4帧部分用于产卵。此步骤可能会增加育雏密度在一帧和促进随后的观测。每个处理标记，和蜜蜂的发展显然通过透明幻灯片观察。 在 PPN-BLD的体内料到在蜂箱蜜蜂幼虫进行精确评估PPN对蜜蜂的殖民地发展的影响。使用体内供给方法促进了在蜂箱的化学处理的影响的观察。 对?...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Evaluating the Effect of Environmental Chemicals on Honey Bee Development from the Individual to Colony Level at JoVE.com

Evaluating the Effect of Environmental Chemicals on Honey Bee Development from the Individual to Colony Level

在这里我们提出 的方法，以农药污染的食物输送到两个单独的蜜蜂和蜂箱菌落。过程评估由基本幼虫饮食的体内喂养和也对蜂窝菌落的天然条件对个体蜜蜂的农药效果。

从个体到群体度评价环境化学物质对蜜蜂发展的影响

The presence of pesticides in the beekeeping environment is one of the most serious problems that impacts the life of a honey bee. Pesticides can be ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Environment

Automated Gel Size Selection to Improve the Quality of Next-generation Sequencing Libraries Prepared from Environmental Water Samples

自动凝胶尺寸选择，以提高下一代测序文库的质量，从环境水样准备

Next-generation sequencing of environmental samples can be challenging because of the variable DNA quantity and quality in these samples. High quality DNA ...

科研

环境科学

Exploring the Effects of Atmospheric Forcings on Evaporation: Experimental Integration of the Atmospheric Boundary Layer and Shallow Subsurface

在探索大气蒸发强迫的影响：大气边界层和浅地层的实验整合

Evaporation is directly influenced by the interactions between the atmosphere, land surface and soil subsurface. This work aims to experimentally study ...

Removal of Trace Elements by Cupric Oxide Nanoparticles from Uranium In Situ Recovery Bleed Water and Its Effect on Cell Viability

Removal of Trace Elements by Cupric Oxide Nanoparticles from Uranium In Situ Recovery Bleed Water and Its Effect on Cell Viability

去除微量元素的氧化铜纳米粉体制备铀<em&gt;原位</em&gt;恢复泌水及其对细胞活力的影响

In situ recovery (ISR) is the predominant method of uranium extraction in the United States. During ISR, uranium is leached from an ore body and extracted ...

A Flow-through Exposure System for Evaluating Suspended Sediments Effects on Aquatic Life

对水生生命值评价悬浮泥沙影响的流通系统曝光

This paper describes the Fish Larvae and Egg Exposure System (FLEES). The flow-through exposure system is used to investigate the effects of suspended ...

Extraction of Organochlorine Pesticides from Plastic Pellets and Plastic Type Analysis

从塑料颗粒中提取有机氯农药和塑料类型分析

Plastic resin pellets, categorized as microplastics (&#8804;5 mm in diameter), are small granules that can be unintentionally released to the environment ...

Preparation of DMMTAV and DMDTAV Using DMAV for Environmental Applications: Synthesis, Purification, and Confirmation

Preparation of DMMTAV and DMDTAV Using DMAV for Environmental Applications: Synthesis, Purification, and Confirmation

使用 DMAv为环境应用 DMMTAv和 DMDTAv的准备: 合成、纯化和确认

Dimethylated thioarsenicals such as dimethylmonothioarsinic acid (DMMTAV) and dimethyldithioarsinic acid (DMDTAV), which are produced by the metabolic ...

The Effect of the Application of Thyme Essential Oil on Microbial Load During Meat Drying

百里香精油应用于肉类干燥过程中微生物负荷的影响

Meat is a high protein meal that is used in the preparation of jerky, a popular food snack, where preservation and safety are important. To assure food ...

Protocol for Acute and Chronic Ecotoxicity Testing of the Turquoise Killifish Nothobranchius furzeri

Protocol for Acute and Chronic Ecotoxicity Testing of the Turquoise Killifish Nothobranchius furzeri

绿松石鳉鱼的急性和慢性毒性测试协议Nothobranchius furzeri

The killifish Nothobranchius furzeri is an emerging model organism in the field of ecotoxicology and its applicability in acute and chronic ecotoxicity ...

Measuring Hypopharyngeal Gland Acinus Size in Honey Bee (Apis mellifera) Workers

Measuring Hypopharyngeal Gland Acinus Size in Honey Bee Apis mellifera Workers

蜂蜜蜂 (api 蜜蜂) 中下咽腺性腺泡大小的测定

The nurse hypopharyngeal glands produce the protein fraction of the worker and royal jelly that is fed to developing larvae and queens. These paired ...

Composition and Distribution Analysis of Bioaerosols Under Different Environmental Conditions

不同环境条件下生物气溶胶的组成及分布分析

Variable microorganisms in particulate matter (PM) under different environmental conditions may have significant impacts on human health. In this study, ...