Name: evaluating the effect of environmental chemicals on honey bee development from the individual to colony level
Uploaded: 2017-04-01T14:00:00
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この研究は、動物の局と植物衛生検査検疫、農業委員会、行政院とグラント103から2313-B-197から002-MY3から省からの助成金105AS-13.2.3-BQ-B1によってサポートされていました科学技術（MOST）の。

1.準備<ol><li> 50％の砂糖シロップの1リットルを作ります。 1リットルのddH 2 Oに1kgのスクロースを溶解</li><li> BLDにおけるピリプロキシフェン（PPN）溶液を調製します。 10,000ppmのPPNストック溶液1.1 Lを作成し、4℃でのddH 2 Oストア滅菌1L中100mLのPPN溶液を希釈します。 </li><li>以下の実験のためにBLD 0.1、1、10及び100mg / kgの（PPM）の最終濃度にPPNストック溶液を希釈します。 </li><li...

<ol>
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クイーン制限産卵法、クイーン交換方法は、このプロトコル内のフィールドテストのためのミツバチのグループを設定するための重要なステップです。クイーン制限産卵方法はミツバチのライフサイクルの同期が可能になります。その結果、研究者は、農薬の異なる用量での治療のための同じ年齢の1日齢幼虫を選択することができます。クイーン交換法のために、女王は、農薬及び農薬残留...

環境中の農薬の存在が影響ミツバチ1、2、3の人生で最も深刻な問題の一つです。いくつかの研究は、ミツバチのコロニーとミツバチ製品中の残留農薬の一般的な存在を証明しています。台湾では、農薬の平均的なアプリケーションは、（2005年から2013年まで）キログラム/ヘクタール、毎年11〜12でした。台湾で使用される農薬の量は、EU諸国のそれよりも高く、そしてラテンアメリカ諸国4、5です。言い換えれば、養蜂環境は、特に台湾では、おそらく他の国では、深刻な農薬ストレスを受けています。 ミツバチミツバチは農業システム6の主要な花粉媒介の一つであり、それはまた、蜂蜜などの貴重な製品を生産しています。しかし、ミツバチは、博覧会です様々な農薬やこれらの農薬へのedは蜜や花粉7、8を収集する際に農薬を噴霧してきた花で採餌した後、ハチの巣に戻すことができます。彼らはまた、自身がじんましん9、10、11内部の害虫問題を制御することを目指し養蜂家によって農薬に暴露することができます。ミツバチの幼虫は、その開発のための看護師ミツバチによって供給されるので、幼虫、ドローンとも女王は、これらの農薬汚染ネクターと花粉12に露出されてもよいです。ミツバチへの各種殺虫剤の毒性は13を対処する必要があります。 多くの努力は、環境残留農薬の問題を評価するために行われています。 Yang ら。でミツバチの幼虫の開発に神経毒性殺虫剤イミダクロプリドの影響をテストしました蜂の巣はとイミダクロプリドのサブ致死量は成人の蜂14の嗅覚連想行動をもたらしたことを報告しました。また、アーラッカーら。実験室条件の下で15ミツバチの労働者の学習パフォーマンス上の有機リン系農薬、クロルピリホス、の亜致死影響を調べました。私たちの以前の研究では、幼虫のミツバチ16上（PPN）ピリプロキシフェン昆虫成長調節（IGR）の影響を、評価しました。 本稿では、ミツバチの開発に化学的影響を評価するための方法を提示します。ミツバチ供給方法が記載され、いずれかの個々のミツバチまたはコロニーに適用しました。最初に、我々は、in vivoでの個々のミツバチへの農薬の影響を評価するためにコロニーに幼虫に殺虫剤に汚染された基本的な幼虫の食（BLD）の異なる濃度をテストしました。私たちは、その後、自然コンディットをシミュレートするために進めハチの巣内農薬汚染シロップを使用することによって殺虫剤のイオン。この方法では、広く害虫17に対して使用され、ミツバチの幼虫および蛹16、18、19の発展に有害であるPPNは、フィールド内の農薬の負の効果を表す指標であろう。

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="887">
	<tbody>
		<tr height="22">
			<td height="22" style="height:22px;width:193px;">Honey bee box</td>
			<td style="width:243px;">SAN-YI Honey Factory</td>
			<td style="width:155px;">W1266</td>
			<td style="width:297px;">Honeybees rearing</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:193px;">Queen excluder (between frames)</td>
			<td style="width:243px;">SAN-YI Honey Factory</td>
			<td style="width:155px;">I1575</td>
			<td style="width:297px;">Queen limitation&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="23">
			<td height="23" style="height:23px;width:193px;">Queen excluder (on top )</td>
			<td style="width:243px;">SAN-YI Honey Factory</td>
			<td style="width:155px;">I1566</td>
			<td style="width:297px;">Queen limitation on top&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="23">
			<td height="23" style="height:23px;width:193px;">Bee brush</td>
			<td style="width:243px;">SAN-YI Honey Factory, Taiwan</td>
			<td>W1414</td>
			<td style="width:297px;">clean the bees on frame gently</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="18">
			<td height="18" style="height:18px;width:193px;">Bee feeder</td>
			<td style="width:243px;">SAN-YI Honey Factory, Taiwan</td>
			<td>P0219</td>
			<td style="width:297px;">feed sugar syrup to colony</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="63">
			<td height="63" style="height:63px;">Transparent slide</td>
			<td style="width:243px;">Wan-Shih-Chei, Taiwan (http://www.mbsc.com.tw/a01goods.asp?s_id=40)</td>
			<td>1139</td>
			<td style="width:297px;">Mark the larval area on the frames (Material: Polyethylene Terephthalate, PET) (Size= Length*Width*thick= 29.7mm*21mm*0.1mm)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:193px;">24 well tissu culture plate</td>
			<td style="width:243px;">Guangzhou Jet Bio-Filtration Co., Ltd</td>
			<td style="width:155px;">TCP011024</td>
			<td style="width:297px;">Rearing pupae from extraction</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:193px;">Autoclave</td>
			<td style="width:243px;">Tomin medical equipmenco., LTD.</td>
			<td style="width:155px;">TM-321</td>
			<td style="width:297px;">Make sterilized distilled deionized water (ddH2O)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:193px;">P20 pipetman</td>
			<td style="width:243px;">Gilson</td>
			<td style="width:155px;">F123600</td>
			<td style="width:297px;">Add PPN into bee larval food pool</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="25">
			<td height="25" style="height:25px;width:193px;">Incubator&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:243px;">Yihder Co., Ltd.</td>
			<td style="width:155px;">LE-550RD</td>
			<td style="width:297px;">Rearing pupae from extraction</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="23">
			<td height="23" style="height:23px;width:193px;">Kimwipes</td>
			<td style="width:243px;">COW LUNG INSTRUMENT CO., LTD</td>
			<td style="width:155px;">KCS34155</td>
			<td style="width:297px;">Rearing pupae from extraction</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="22">
			<td height="22" style="height:22px;width:193px;">Royal jelly</td>
			<td style="width:243px;">National Ilan University (NIU)</td>
			<td style="width:155px;">NIU</td>
			<td style="width:297px;">Make basic larval diet (BLD)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:193px;">D-(+)-Glucose</td>
			<td style="width:243px;">Sigma</td>
			<td style="width:155px;">G8270</td>
			<td style="width:297px;">Make basic larval diet (BLD)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:193px;">D-(-)-Fructose</td>
			<td style="width:243px;">Sigma</td>
			<td style="width:155px;">F0127</td>
			<td style="width:297px;">Make basic larval diet (BLD)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:193px;">Yeast extract</td>
			<td style="width:243px;">CONDA, pronadisa</td>
			<td style="width:155px;">1702</td>
			<td style="width:297px;">Make basic larval diet (BLD)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:193px;">Sucrose</td>
			<td style="width:243px;">Taiwan sugar coporation</td>
			<td style="width:155px;">E01071010</td>
			<td style="width:297px;">Make sugar syrup for bee food</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:193px;">Pyriproxyfen (11%)</td>
			<td style="width:243px;">LIH-NUNG CHEMICAL CO.. LTD.</td>
			<td style="width:155px;">Registration No. 1937</td>
			<td style="width:297px;">Insect growth regulator (IGR) used in the experiment</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

evaluating the effect of environmental chemicals on honey bee development from the individual to colony level

The presence of pesticides in the beekeeping environment is one of the most serious problems that impacts the life of a honey bee. Pesticides can be brought back to the beehive after the bees have foraged on flowers that have been sprayed with pesticides. Pesticide contaminated food can be exchanged between workers which then feed larvae and therefore can potentially affect the development of honey bees. Thus, residual pesticides in the environment can become a chronic damaging factor to honey bee populations and gradually lead to colony collapse. In the presented protocol, honey bee feeding methods are described and applied to either an individual honey bee or to a colony. Here, the insect growth regulator (IGR) pyriproxyfen (PPN), which is widely used to control pest insects and is harmful to the development of honey bee larvae and pupae, is used as the pesticide. The presenting procedure can be applied to other potentially harmful chemicals or honeybee pathogens for further studies.

ミツバチのフィールドテストのために、女王が産卵するための4フレーム部に限られていました。このステップは、1つのフレーム内ひな密度を増加させ、後続の観察を容易にすることができます。各処理は標識し、そしてミツバチの開発は明らかに透明スライドで観察しました。蜂の巣でミツバチの幼虫にPPN-BLDの生体送りで正確にコロニーにおけるミツバチの?...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Evaluating the Effect of Environmental Chemicals on Honey Bee Development from the Individual to Colony Level at JoVE.com

Evaluating the Effect of Environmental Chemicals on Honey Bee Development from the Individual to Colony Level

ここで我々が提示 個々ミツバチと蜂の巣コロニーの両方に農薬汚染された食物を供給するための方法。手順は、基本的な幼虫の食事のとも蜂の巣コロニーの自然条件にin vivoで供給することにより、個々のミツバチへの農薬の影響を評価します。

個々のコロニーレベルにミツバチ開発に関する環境化学物質の影響を評価します

The presence of pesticides in the beekeeping environment is one of the most serious problems that impacts the life of a honey bee. Pesticides can be ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Environment

Automated Gel Size Selection to Improve the Quality of Next-generation Sequencing Libraries Prepared from Environmental Water Samples

環境水試料から調製した次世代シーケンシングライブラリの品質を向上させるために自動化されたゲルサイズの選択

Next-generation sequencing of environmental samples can be challenging because of the variable DNA quantity and quality in these samples. High quality DNA ...

Exploring the Effects of Atmospheric Forcings on Evaporation: Experimental Integration of the Atmospheric Boundary Layer and Shallow Subsurface

蒸発させる上で大気強制力の影響を探る：大気境界層と浅い地下の実験的インテグレーション

Evaporation is directly influenced by the interactions between the atmosphere, land surface and soil subsurface. This work aims to experimentally study ...

Removal of Trace Elements by Cupric Oxide Nanoparticles from Uranium In Situ Recovery Bleed Water and Its Effect on Cell Viability

Removal of Trace Elements by Cupric Oxide Nanoparticles from Uranium In Situ Recovery Bleed Water and Its Effect on Cell Viability

ウランの酸化銅ナノ粒子による微量元素の除去<em&gt;その場での</em&gt;回復ブリード水と細胞生存率への影響

In situ recovery (ISR) is the predominant method of uranium extraction in the United States. During ISR, uranium is leached from an ore body and extracted ...

A Flow-through Exposure System for Evaluating Suspended Sediments Effects on Aquatic Life

水生生物に浮遊堆積物の影響を評価するためのフロースルー露光装置

This paper describes the Fish Larvae and Egg Exposure System (FLEES). The flow-through exposure system is used to investigate the effects of suspended ...

Extraction of Organochlorine Pesticides from Plastic Pellets and Plastic Type Analysis

プラスチックペレットからの有機塩素系農薬の抽出と塑性解析

Plastic resin pellets, categorized as microplastics (&#8804;5 mm in diameter), are small granules that can be unintentionally released to the environment ...

Preparation of DMMTAV and DMDTAV Using DMAV for Environmental Applications: Synthesis, Purification, and Confirmation

Preparation of DMMTAV and DMDTAV Using DMAV for Environmental Applications: Synthesis, Purification, and Confirmation

DMMTAV DMDTAV環境用 DMAVを使用しての作製: 合成、精製、および確認

Dimethylated thioarsenicals such as dimethylmonothioarsinic acid (DMMTAV) and dimethyldithioarsinic acid (DMDTAV), which are produced by the metabolic ...

The Effect of the Application of Thyme Essential Oil on Microbial Load During Meat Drying

タイムのエッセンシャル オイルのアプリケーションの肉乾燥中の微生物負荷に及ぼす影響

Meat is a high protein meal that is used in the preparation of jerky, a popular food snack, where preservation and safety are important. To assure food ...

Protocol for Acute and Chronic Ecotoxicity Testing of the Turquoise Killifish Nothobranchius furzeri

Protocol for Acute and Chronic Ecotoxicity Testing of the Turquoise Killifish Nothobranchius furzeri

急性および慢性毒性試験ターコイズ メダカによる furzeriのためのプロトコル

The killifish Nothobranchius furzeri is an emerging model organism in the field of ecotoxicology and its applicability in acute and chronic ecotoxicity ...

Measuring Hypopharyngeal Gland Acinus Size in Honey Bee (Apis mellifera) Workers

Measuring Hypopharyngeal Gland Acinus Size in Honey Bee Apis mellifera Workers

ミツバチ (セイヨウミツバチ) 労働者の下咽頭腺 Acinus サイズを測定

The nurse hypopharyngeal glands produce the protein fraction of the worker and royal jelly that is fed to developing larvae and queens. These paired ...

Composition and Distribution Analysis of Bioaerosols Under Different Environmental Conditions

組成と異なる環境条件下におけるバイオエアロゾルの分布解析

Variable microorganisms in particulate matter (PM) under different environmental conditions may have significant impacts on human health. In this study, ...