笔者想在这段时间内，以及国家研究委员会的支持，以确认NIST的中子研究中心CNS合作协议编号＃70NANB12H239赠款部分资金。某些商业设备，仪器，或材料在本文中被识别，以便充分地指定的实验步骤。这种标识不打算通过标准与技术研究所在暗示推荐或认可，也不是意在暗示材料或识别设备必然为宗旨的最好的。

1.安装在流变仪到SANS光束线注：参见图1的命名组件定义。 <ol><li>确保电力至所述流变仪是关闭的，换能器被锁定并安装马达空气轴承保护。关闭中子束，并关闭烤箱门。 </li><li>大底板安装在桌上，取出鼻子，安装窗口，并固定4个孔眼的安装支架流变仪的起重机适配器使得电缆不纠结，而不是扭曲。 </li><li>使用起重机，提起流变仪和从流变仪表操纵它搁置在朝...

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介电RheoSANS实验同时措施作为其经历一个预定义变形的材料的流变学，电气和微观结构的响应。这里示出的例子是形成在电化学流动池使用的导电性添加剂的导电碳黑悬浮液中。介电RheoSANS仪器使得窄间隙库埃特细胞内剪切的径向平面的询问而不损害或者电或流变测量的保真度。此外，该几何形状允许对原始信号，扭矩，电阻，和相移的转换，到适当的固有的变量，如剪切应力，电导率和电容率。...

宏观性质的测量通常被用来获得基本的洞察胶体材料和自组装系统的性质，通常为了提高配方性能的发展理解的目的。具体地，流变学的领域中，其测量的流体的所施加的应力或变形的动态响应，同时提供了在平衡条件下，并且还远离平衡有价值的见解胶体行为，如处理消费者和工业流体的1次流变测试期间，凝胶，以及眼镜，也可用于测量流变学参数，例如粘度，由配方师的目标。虽然流变性是材料特性的强大的探针，它是胶体信息在微观水平的间接测量，例如，我们的基本胶态行为的理解可以通过结合采用c流变学测量大大增强omplementary技术。 一种这样的正交的技术是阻抗谱。阻抗谱是介电弛豫特性，其测量的材料所施加的振荡电场的响应的散装探针。 2从电松弛模式，即包括电荷传输和偏振材料内活性的阻抗谱的结果。 3，4这些测量提供特别是当与流变结合胶体行为的其他证据。 5因此，在探讨带电胶体分散体，蛋白质，离子表面活性剂，纳米复合材料，和其他系统的这些技术的组合是尤其相关。 6,7 在胶体行为调查的基本利益是材料的microstruc<html>真实存在。胶体流体的微结构被认为是编码所有的必需的信息来重构其两个流变和电气特性。从根本上说，我们寻求测量的纳米级微结构特征，导致测量的响应材料的快照。由于许多复杂流体在他们的历史进程依赖的复杂性，多在微观结构表征的努力都集中在使在材料的原位测量，因为它会变形。这提出了挑战实验者制定方法，以便能够使下例如稳态剪切，其中，所述粒子的速度取得了直接可视化本质上具有挑战性的纳米尺寸的颗粒的测量值。下流动的材料的微结构的直接测量已采取许多形式，从流变光学，流变显微镜和甚至流变-NMR。 8，9，屁股=“外部参照”&gt; 10种小角散射方法，并且特别是小角中子散射（SANS）技术，已经证明自己有效在包括所有三个平面的堆积剪切场测量样品的时间平均微结构在稳定状态下剪切。 11，12，13然而，新的数据采集技术允许结构瞬变与时间分辨率细如10毫秒被捕获。 14 原位散射方法的不同的确结合流变数百最近的研究已经证明非常宝贵的。 15 一种新兴的工程挑战是使用胶态悬浮液在半固体液流电池电极的导电添加剂。 16在本申请中，导电胶体颗粒必须保持而脑膜电渗滤网络IAL通过电化学流动池泵送。这些材料的性能要求，要求他们保持不超过一个大范围剪切速率的流变性能的不利影响高导电性。 17因此，非常希望能够使胶体特性的测定以量化和表征这些材料远离他们的平衡状态的基本的流变学和电响应稳定和时间依赖性的剪切条件下。在这方面阻碍了进一步的理论发展的一个显著复杂的因素是炭黑浆料的触变性质。 18个这些历史流变依赖和电气特性做实验非常难以重现;由此，使得难以比较使用不同的方案来测量的数据集。此外，到目前为止还没有出现能够执行所有三个没有单一的几何形状，dielectric，流变学和微观结构表征，同时进行。同时测量是重要的，因为流动可以改变结构，使得处理的材料的其余部分的测量可能不提供下流动的特性，这是它们的使用更相关的准确指示。此外，因为许多炭黑浆料的测量的属性是依赖于几何形状，存在与比较从上不同的仪器相同的样品获得的数据的并发症。 19 为了满足计量这一挑战，我们开发的NIST中子研究中心和特拉华大学能够在原位阻抗谱新介质RheoSANS几何形状，在商业应变任意变形下材料的流变和SANS测量控制流变仪。这是通过开发一个能够测量的微观结构，ELECTRICA的库埃特几何启用升和两个同心圆柱体的间隙之间密闭的材料的流变响应。作为外筒旋转时，通过将样品的变形所施加的转矩的内筒上测量，并且阻抗测量跨越间隙径向制成。汽缸是从钛加工成是透明的中子和足以承受在流变仪中所经历的剪切应力。我们通过库埃特的径向位置进行测量SANS，并且已经证明它是能够测量从在经历变形样品高质量SANS图案。这样一来，所有的三个测量是对样品中感兴趣的同一区域，因为它经历了一个定义良好的变形轮廓制作。本文的目标是描述在电介质库埃特几何形状，其安装到所述RheoSANS仪器，和同时测量的成功执行。该流变仪可在NIST中心中子研究标准与技术研究所的国家。它被设计为在NG-7 SANS束线工作。我们已经提供了附图和已经被加工，并且为了使该测量组装自定义组件的详细描述。

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="719">
	<colgroup>
		<col />
		<col />
		<col />
		<col />
	</colgroup>
	<tbody>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:283px;">ARES G2 Rheometer</td>
			<td style="width:151px;">TA Instruments</td>
			<td align="right" style="width:119px;">401000.501</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">Rheometer</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:283px;">ARES G2-DETA ACCY Kit</td>
			<td style="width:151px;">TA Instruments</td>
			<td align="right" style="width:119px;">402551.901</td>
			<td>BNC Connectors</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:283px;">Geometry ARES 25mm DETA</td>
			<td style="width:151px;">TA Instruments</td>
			<td align="right" style="width:119px;">402553.901</td>
			<td>Dielectric Geometry</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="19">
			<td height="19" style="height:19px;width:283px;">ARES G2 Forced Convection Oven</td>
			<td style="width:151px;">TA Instruments</td>
			<td align="right" style="width:119px;">401892.901</td>
			<td>FCO</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:283px;">Agilent E4980A LCR Meter</td>
			<td style="width:151px;">TA Instruments</td>
			<td align="right" style="width:119px;">613.04946</td>
			<td>LCR Meter</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:283px;">USB-6001</td>
			<td style="width:151px;">National Instruments</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">NI USB-6001</td>
			<td>Data Acquisiton Card</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:283px;">Vulcan XC72R</td>
			<td style="width:151px;">Cabot</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">Vulcan XC72R</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:283px;">Propylene Carbonate</td>
			<td style="width:151px;">Aldrich</td>
			<td align="right" style="width:119px;">310328</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:283px;">LabVIEW&#160; System Design Software</td>
			<td style="width:151px;">National Instruments</td>
			<td>776671-35</td>
			<td>Control Software&#160;</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

dielectric rheosans &#8212; simultaneous interrogation of impedance, rheology and small angle neutron scattering of complex fluids

一种用于能够复杂流体的电气，机械和微结构性质的同时询问的一个新的电介质RheoSANS仪器的操作过程被呈现。该仪器由含有安装在市售的流变仪的改性强制对流烤箱内的库埃特几何形状。本仪器可用于在小角中子散射（SANS）在美国国家标准与技术研究院（NIST）中子研究中心（NCNR）光束线使用。库埃特几何被加工成透明的中子，并提供了电性能和钛汽缸之间密闭，同时样品经历任意变形的样品的微结构性质的测量。这些测量的同步是通过使用监视和控制的预定的实验方案的执行可定制程序使能。这里描述的是一个协议，以执行流扫描实验，其中剪切速率对数从最大值步进到保持在对于指定的时间周期中的每一步骤的最小值，而依赖于频率的介电测量制成。代表性的结果从由分散在碳酸丙烯酯炭黑聚集体组成的凝胶的样品所示。由于凝胶发生稳态剪切，炭黑网络是机械变形，这会导致与包含炭黑网络键断裂有关的传导率的初始降低。然而，在高剪切速率，电导率恢复被剪切增稠的发病有关。总的来说，这些结果证明了使用电介质RheoSANS几何这些悬浮液的流变电微结构性质的同时测量的效用。

由介电RheoSANS实验代表性的结果示于图5和6。这些数据被采取在碳酸丙烯酯中的悬浮液的导电炭黑。这些聚集体絮凝由于在形成的凝胶被导电相对低的固体加载量吸引相互作用。这种悬浮液的流变性和传导性反应是一个活跃的研究领域和目前的调查设法了解这些测量的微观起源。介电RheoSANS仪器是唯一适合，因为它同时探测的材料的电气和机械性能...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Dielectric RheoSANS Ã¢â‚¬â€ Simultaneous Interrogation of Impedance, Rheology and Small Angle Neutron Scattering of Complex Fluids at JoVE.com

Dielectric RheoSANS ÃƒÆ’Ã‚Â¢ÃƒÂ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚Â¬ÃƒÂ¢Ã¢â€šÂ¬Ã‚Â Simultaneous Interrogation of Impedance, Rheology and Small Angle Neutron Scattering of Complex Fluids

在这里，我们提出了一个程序，用于同时阻抗，流变学和中子散射的从下剪切流软物质材料中测量。

介电RheoSANS  - 阻抗，流变性和复杂流体的小角中子散射的同时拷问

A procedure for the operation of a new dielectric RheoSANS instrument capable of simultaneous interrogation of the electrical, mechanical and ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Engineering

Dielectric RheoSANS &#8212; Simultaneous Interrogation of Impedance, Rheology and Small Angle Neutron Scattering of Complex Fluids

Angle-resolved Photoemission Spectroscopy At Ultra-low Temperatures

在极低的温度下角分辨光电子能谱

The physical properties of a material are defined by its  electronic structure. Electrons in solids are characterized by energy (&omega;)  and momentum ...

科研

工程学

Measuring Material Microstructure Under Flow Using 1-2 Plane Flow-Small Angle Neutron Scattering

测量材料在微流使用1-2面流小角中子散射

A new small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) sample environment optimized for studying the microstructure of complex fluids under simple shear flow is ...

Using Neutron Spin Echo Resolved Grazing Incidence Scattering to Investigate Organic Solar Cell Materials

使用中子自旋回声解决放牧发生率散射调查有机太阳能电池材料

The spin echo resolved grazing incidence scattering (SERGIS) technique has been used to probe the length-scales associated with irregularly shaped ...

Fabrication Process of Silicone-based Dielectric Elastomer Actuators

有机硅为基础的介电弹性体致动器的制作工艺

This contribution demonstrates the fabrication process of dielectric elastomer transducers (DETs). DETs are stretchable capacitors consisting of an ...

Optical Trap Loading of Dielectric Microparticles In Air

介电微粒的光阱装载在空气中

We demonstrate a method to trap a selected dielectric microparticle in air using radiation pressure from a single-beam gradient optical trap. Randomly ...

Scanning Light Scattering Profiler (SLPS) Based Methodology to Quantitatively Evaluate Forward and Backward Light Scattering from Intraocular Lenses

Scanning Light Scattering Profiler SLPS Based Methodology to Quantitatively Evaluate Forward and Backward Light Scattering from Intraocular Lenses

基于扫描光散射分析器（SLPS）的方法来量化评估来自眼内镜的前向和后向光散射

The scanning light scattering profiler (SLSP) methodology has been developed for the full-angle quantitative evaluation of forward and backward light ...

Demonstration of Equal-Intensity Beam Generation by Dielectric Metasurfaces

电介质元表面的等强度光束生成演示

The fabrication and characterization protocol for a metasurface beam splitter, enabling equal-intensity beam generation, is demonstrated. Hydrogenated ...

Scattering And Absorption of Light in Planetary Regoliths

行星光的散射和吸收

Theoretical, numerical, and experimental methods are presented for multiple scattering of light in macroscopic discrete random media of densely-packed ...

Spectral and Angle-Resolved Magneto-Optical Characterization of Photonic Nanostructures

光子纳米结构的光谱和角度解析磁-光学特性

Photonic crystals are periodic nanostructures that can support a variety of confined electromagnetic modes. Such confined modes are usually accompanied by ...

Application of a Coupling Agent to Improve the Dielectric Properties of Polymer-Based Nanocomposites

耦合剂在提高聚合物纳米复合物介电性能方面的应用

In this work, an easy, low-cost, and widely applicable method was developed to improve the compatibility between the ceramic fillers and the polymer ...