Name: in vivo tracking of edema development and microvascular pathology in a model of experimental cerebral malaria using magnetic resonance imaging
Uploaded: 2017-06-08T12:30:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about In Vivo Tracking of Edema Development and Microvascular Pathology in a Model of Experimental Cerebral Malaria Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging at JoVE.com

Miriam Reinig&#39;in uzman teknik yardımı minnetle kabul edilmektedir. AH, Heidelberg Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi&#39;nde doktora sonrası bir bağıştan kaynak ayırdı. MP, Else-Kröner-Fresenius Vakfı&#39;ndan bir anma masrafı ile desteklenmektedir. AKM, Alman Enfeksiyon Araştırma Merkezi (DZIF) DZIF Akademisi tarafından doğum izninin ödenmesi için bir alıcının geliridir. JP, Heidelberg Moleküler Tıp Araştırma Merkezi (HRCMM) Kariyer Geliştirme Kardeşliği alanın sahibidir. Ayrıca, sporozoit hareketi için örnek bir film olan Julia M. Sattler ve Friedrich Frischknecht&#39;e minnettarız.

Bu makalede bildirilen tüm hayvan deneyleri, Laboratuar Hayvanları Dernekleri Federasyonu (FELASA) kategorisi B ve Laboratuar Hayvanları Bilimi Topluluğu (GV-SOLAS) standart yönergelerine göre gerçekleştirildi ve Karlsruhe&#39;deki yerel Alman makamları tarafından onaylandı (Regierungspräsidium Karlsruhe , Almanya). Biyolojik gözde 2. seviye, sivrisinek ve Plasmodium berghei ANKA sporozoit çalışmaları için geçerlidir. 1. Enfeksiyon <ol><li> Anopheles stephensi sivris...

<ol>
	<li>World Health Organization. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=.">.</a> World Malaria Report. , (2014).</li><li>Seydel, K. B., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Brain+swelling+and+death+in+children+with+cerebral+malaria.">Brain swelling and death in children with cerebral malaria.</a> N Engl J Med. 372 (12), 1126-1137 (2015).</li><li>Penet, M. F., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Imaging+experimental+cerebral+malaria+in+vivo:+significant+role+of+ischemic+brain+edema.">Imaging experimental cerebral malaria in vivo: significant role of ischemic brain edema.</a> J Neurosci. 25 (32), 7352-7358 (2005).</li><li>de Souza, J. B., Riley, E. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Cerebral+malaria:+the+contribution+of+studies+in+animal+models+to+our+understanding+of+immunopathogenesis.">Cerebral malaria: the contribution of studies in animal models to our understanding of immunopathogenesis.</a> Microbes Infect. 4 (3), 291-300 (2002).</li><li>Curfs, J. H., van der Meide, P. H., Billiau, A., Meuwissen, J. H., Eling, W. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Plasmodium+berghei:+recombinant+interferon-gamma+and+the+development+of+parasitemia+and+cerebral+lesions+in+malaria-infected+mice.">Plasmodium berghei: recombinant interferon-gamma and the development of parasitemia and cerebral lesions in malaria-infected mice.</a> Exp Parasitol. 77 (2), 212-223 (1993).</li><li>Carroll, R. W., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+rapid+murine+coma+and+behavior+scale+for+quantitative+assessment+of+murine+cerebral+malaria.">A rapid murine coma and behavior scale for quantitative assessment of murine cerebral malaria.</a> PLoS One. 5 (10), (2010).</li><li>Hoffmann, A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Experimental+Cerebral+Malaria+Spreads+along+the+Rostral+Migratory+Stream.">Experimental Cerebral Malaria Spreads along the Rostral Migratory Stream.</a> PLoS Pathog. 12 (3), e1005470 (2016).</li><li>Mueller, A. K., Behrends, J., Blank, J., Schaible, U. E., Schneider, B. E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=An+experimental+model+to+study+tuberculosis-malaria+coinfection+upon+natural+transmission+of+Mycobacterium+tuberculosis+and+Plasmodium+berghei.">An experimental model to study tuberculosis-malaria coinfection upon natural transmission of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Plasmodium berghei.</a> J Vis Exp. (84), e50829 (2014).</li><li>Hynynen, K., McDannold, N., Sheikov, N. A., Jolesz, F. A., Vykhodtseva, N. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Local+and+reversible+blood-brain+barrier+disruption+by+noninvasive+focused+ultrasound+at+frequencies+suitable+for+trans-skull+sonications.">Local and reversible blood-brain barrier disruption by noninvasive focused ultrasound at frequencies suitable for trans-skull sonications.</a> Neuroimage. 24 (1), 12-20 (2005).</li><li>Nag, N., Mellott, T. J., Berger-Sweeney, J. E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Effects+of+postnatal+dietary+choline+supplementation+on+motor+regional+brain+volume+and+growth+factor+expression+in+a+mouse+model+of+Rett+syndrome.">Effects of postnatal dietary choline supplementation on motor regional brain volume and growth factor expression in a mouse model of Rett syndrome.</a> Brain Res. 1237, 101-109 (2008).</li><li>Giri, S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=T2+quantification+for+improved+detection+of+myocardial+edema.">T2 quantification for improved detection of myocardial edema.</a> J Cardiovasc Magn Reson. 11, 56 (2009).</li><li>Engwerda, C., Belnoue, E., Gruner, A. C., Renia, L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Experimental+models+of+cerebral+malaria.">Experimental models of cerebral malaria.</a> Curr Top Microbiol Immunol. 297, 103-143 (2005).</li><li>Zhao, H., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Olfactory+plays+a+key+role+in+spatiotemporal+pathogenesis+of+cerebral+malaria.">Olfactory plays a key role in spatiotemporal pathogenesis of cerebral malaria.</a> Cell Host Microbe. 15 (5), 551-563 (2014).</li><li>Nacer, A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Experimental+cerebral+malaria+pathogenesis--hemodynamics+at+the+blood+brain+barrier.">Experimental cerebral malaria pathogenesis--hemodynamics at the blood brain barrier.</a> PLoS Pathog. 10 (12), e1004528 (2014).</li><li>Nacer, A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Neuroimmunological+blood+brain+barrier+opening+in+experimental+cerebral+malaria.">Neuroimmunological blood brain barrier opening in experimental cerebral malaria.</a> PLoS Pathog. 8 (10), e1002982 (2012).</li><li>Pai, S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Real-time+imaging+reveals+the+dynamics+of+leukocyte+behaviour+during+experimental+cerebral+malaria+pathogenesis.">Real-time imaging reveals the dynamics of leukocyte behaviour during experimental cerebral malaria pathogenesis.</a> PLoS Pathog. 10 (7), e1004236 (2014).</li><li>Shaw, T. N., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Perivascular+Arrest+of+CD8++T+Cells+Is+a+Signature+of+Experimental+Cerebral+Malaria.">Perivascular Arrest of CD8+ T Cells Is a Signature of Experimental Cerebral Malaria.</a> PLoS Pathog. 11 (11), e1005210 (2015).</li><li>Potchen, M. J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Acute+brain+MRI+findings+in+120+Malawian+children+with+cerebral+malaria:+new+insights+into+an+ancient+disease.">Acute brain MRI findings in 120 Malawian children with cerebral malaria: new insights into an ancient disease.</a> AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 33 (9), 1740-1746 (2012).</li></ol>

Bu makalede, deneysel serebral sıtma değişikliklerini tanımlamak için bütün beyin MR protokolünü açıklıyoruz. MRA&#39;nın sıtma araştırmasında bugüne kadar az kullanıldığına ve protokollerimizin diğer araştırmacılara yardımcı olacağını umduğuna inanıyoruz. Yararlı olabilecek bazı ek noktalar açıklamak isteriz. Ağır hasta fareler görüntülendiğinde, konumlandırma çok önemlidir. İntrakranyal basıncın artması nedeniyle farelerin ölümüne duyarl...

Sıtma önemli bir küresel sağlık sorundur. 1 Şiddetli sıtma kısmen serebral tutulum ile karakterizedir ve genellikle kötü bir prognostik faktördür. Serebral tutulum, yüksek sıtma iletim alanlarında beş yaşın altındaki çocuklarda görülür ve bu yaş grubunda sıtmaya bağlı ölümün ana nedenini temsil eder. 1 Agresif tedavi hayatı kurtarabilirken, serebral sıtmanın özellikle erken safhalarda saptanması zor olabilir. Serebral sıtma ile ilgili patolojik süreçler mikrovasküler bozulma ve ciddi beyin şişmesine neden olabilen serebral ödemleri içerir. Bu yazıda, deneysel serebral sıtmanın (ECM) in vivo tüm beyin görüntülemesine olanak tanıyan bir manyetik rezonans görüntüleme (MRI) protokolü sunulmuştur. ECM&#39;nin merkezde nasıl başlattığı hakkında çok az şey bilinmesine rağmen, tüm beyinli yüksek çözünürlüklü görüntüleme yöntemleri bu hastalıkta yaygın şekilde kullanılmamaktadır.Sinir sistemi veya hastalığa yol açan belirli mekanizmalar. Bütün beyni kapsayan in vivo MRG, ECM patolojisini daha iyi anlamak için önemli bir araştırma aracıdır. MR, yakın zamanda sadece ECM&#39;de değil, aynı zamanda insan serebral sıtmada ölümün önemli bir belirteçi olduğu kabul edilen küresel beyin beyin şişmesini de değerlendirebilir. 2 , 3 Ağır beyin şişmesi ölümcül hastalıkta ortaya çıkar ve ECM modelleri ile inflamatuar ve mikrovasküler değişikliklerle karakterize edilen bir hastalık olan çeşitli patolojik özelliklerden birini temsil eder. 4 ECM, ölümcül Plasmodium berghei ANKA ile enfeksiyon yoluyla CBA veya C57BL farelerinde indüklenebilir. ECM&#39;nin başlangıcı tipik olarak enfeksiyon sonrası 6. ve 10. günlerde ortaya çıkar ve uyuşma, ataksi, solunum sıkıntısı ve komaya neden olur ki bu da rap oluştururÖlüm id 4 Hızlı Murin Koma ve Davranış Ölçeği (RMCBS), ECM&#39;nin klinik belirtilerini değerlendirmek için yararlı bir noktadır. Her biri 0 ile 2 arasında puan alan 10 parametreden oluşuyor ve olası maksimum skor 20&#39;dir. 6 Yakın zamanda, ECM farelerindeki RMCBS skorlarının şiddeti ile MR ile gösterilen patolojik değişiklikler arasında iyi bir uyum gösterdik. 7 Bu protokolde, farelerde ECM indüksiyonu ve ECM&#39;ye sahip farelerin in vivo manyetik rezonans görüntülemesini tarif ederiz.

<table border="1" fo:keep-together.within-page="1" fo:keep-with-next.within-page="always">
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>Isoflurane</td>
			<td>Baxter</td>
			<td>1001747</td>
			<td>for anesthesia</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Dotarem</td>
			<td>Guebert</td>
			<td>1086923</td>
			<td>Gd-DTPA contrast agent; 0.5mmol/ml</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Amira (Image Processing Program)</td>
			<td>FEI Group</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Version Amira 5.3.2</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>MATLAB&#160;</td>
			<td>The MathWorks, Inc.,</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Release 2012b</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>FDT toolbox&#160;</td>
			<td colspan="2">FMRIB&#39;s Software Library</td>
			<td><a href="http://www.fmrib.ox.ac.uk/fsl/fdt/index.html">http://www.fmrib.ox.ac.uk/fsl/fdt/index.html</a></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

in vivo tracking of edema development and microvascular pathology in a model of experimental cerebral malaria using magnetic resonance imaging

Cerebral malaria is a sign of severe malarial disease and is often a harbinger of death. While aggressive management can be life-saving, the detection of cerebral malaria can be difficult. We present an experimental mouse model of cerebral malaria that shares multiple features of the human disease, including edema and microvascular pathology. Using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), we can detect and track the blood-brain barrier disruption, edema development, and subsequent brain swelling. We describe multiple MRI techniques that can visualize these pertinent pathological changes. Thus, we show that MRI represents a valuable tool to visualize and track pathological changes, such as edema, brain swelling, and microvascular pathology, in vivo.

C57BL / 6 farelerinde ECM&#39;nin ilk klinik semptomları, P. berghei ANKA sporozoitleriyle enfeksiyondan sonra 6 ve 10 günler arasında gözlemlenebilir. ECM, enfekte olmuş farelerin% 60-80&#39;inde gelişir ve 24 ila 48 saat içinde hızla komaya ve ölüme geçer. Buna karşılık, ECM gelişmeyen fareler, hiperparasitemiye bağlı ciddi anemiden enfeksiyon sonrası ikinci haftadan sonra ölürler. 12 <p class="jove_content" fo:keep-toge...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about In Vivo Tracking of Edema Development and Microvascular Pathology in a Model of Experimental Cerebral Malaria Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging at JoVE.com

In Vivo Tracking of Edema Development and Microvascular Pathology in a Model of Experimental Cerebral Malaria Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging

We describe a mouse model of experimental cerebral malaria and show how inflammatory and microvascular pathology can be tracked in vivo using magnetic resonance imaging.

Manyetik Rezonans Görüntüleme Kullanarak Deneysel Serebral Sıtma Bir Modelinde Ödem Gelişimi ve Mikrovasküler Patolojinin İn Vivo Takibi

Cerebral malaria is a sign of severe malarial disease and is often a harbinger of death. While aggressive management can be life-saving, the detection of ...

The overall goal of this method is to monitor pathological changes of experimental cerebral malaria in vivo. This method can help to answer key questions in the pathogenesis of experimental cerebral malaria as it allows us to visualize in vivo how pathology of the whole brain evolves in space and over time. The technique thereby allows a detailed assessment of brain pathology, and can be used to assess the efficacy of novel treatment strategies in cerebral malaria.Performing the MRI setup will be Manuel Fischer, our lab manager. Begin by collecting female mosquitoes from their cage, 17 to 22 days after the blood meal. Use forceps to place three to four mosquitoes on a glass slide, combined with a drop of cold RPMI medium.Then, place the slide under a microscope. Carefully stretch the mosquito between the head and body with forceps, and use a syringe and needle to isolate the salivary gland. Next, collect the salivary glands from the glass slide by sucking them up with a glass pipette, and transferring them into 1.5 milliliter centrifuge tube.Then, use a small plastic stick to smash the isolated salivary glands within the centrifuge tube for three minutes in order to isolate the sporozoites from the salivary gland tissue. Centrifuge for three minutes at 1, 000 times g and four degrees Celsius to purify the sporozoites from the remaining tissue. Pipette the supernatant, which contains the sporozoites, to a new centrifuge tube, and count the purified sporozoites in a Neubauer hemocytometer.Sporozoites show a typical counterclockwise movement. Next, adjust the concentration of the purified sporozoites to 10, 000 per milliliter by adding phosphate-buffered saline. Finally, place a C57BL/6 mouse in a restrainer, and put its tail into warm water to better visualize the tail vein.Then, inject a total of 1, 000 sporozoites, or 0.1 milliliters, into the tail vein to initiate infection. Begin by bringing the mouse to a 9.4T small animal Magnetic Resonance Imaging, or MRI scanner, that uses a volume resonator for radiofrequency transmission. Then, apply dexpanthenol eye ointment to both eyes.Turn on the temperature-controlled water bath to 42 degrees Celsius in order to maintain the body temperature of the mouse. Then, place a tail vein catheter into the mouse's tail vein. Next, position the mouse for the MRI by placing it prone and with a crunched back on an animal bed equipped with a headlock and tooth bar to minimize head motion.Take care not to straighten the cervical spine of the mouse. Connect a contrast agent injection system filled with 0.3 millimole per kilogram Gd-DTPA to the tail vein catheter. Next, place the 4-Channel Phased Array Surface Receiver head coil onto the head of the mouse.Finally, place a breathing pad onto the back of the mouse and check the respiration on the monitoring device. Turn on the positional laser by pressing F2 on the control panel, and move the mouse until the horizontal positional light is in the middle of the smaller part of the coil, which covers the head of the mouse. Turn off the positional laser by pressing F2 again, and then move the mouse into the final position by pressing F3 on the control panel.Begin by performing a localizing scan to make sure that the mouse brain is in the isocenter of the magnet. Qualitatively assess vasogenic edema by using 3D T2-weighted imaging. Select a multi-slice RARE sequence, and adjust the slice position, making sure that the whole brain, from the nose to the cerebellum is covered.After adjusting the saturation slices, start the sequence, and wait 10 minutes and 48 seconds to acquire the images. Next, perform T2 relaxometry to quantitatively assess vasogenic edema by selecting multi-slice, multiple-spin echo sequence. Adjust the slice position, and start the acquisition of the sequence, which takes eight minutes and 53 seconds.To quantitatively assess both vasogenic edema and cytotoxic edema, carry out diffusion-weighted imaging by selecting a spin-echo EPI diffusion sequence. Adjust the slice position and saturation slice. Then start the sequence and wait seven minutes and 56 seconds until the raw images are acquired.Following that, assess microhemorrhages, using 3D T2 star-weighted imaging. Select a flow-compensated FLASH sequence, adjust the slice position, and start the sequence, which runs for 15 minutes and 40 seconds. Afterwards, assess arterial patency using time of flight angiography by selecting a 3D FLASH sequence.Adjust the slice position, start the sequence, and then wait seven minutes and 16 seconds until the images are acquired. Finally, assess the blood-brain barrier disruption. Select a 3D T1-weighted imaging with a FLASH sequence, adjust the slice position, and start the sequence.Wait one minute and 14 seconds until images without contrast are acquired. Then, inject contrast of 0.3 millimole per kilogram and repeat the measurement. An increase in blood-brain barrier disruption and a fluid increase indicate early vasogenic edema in the olfactory bulb that is already present in mild disease, and starts to spread towards the brain stem as the severity of the disease increases.On T2 maps, the severity of vasogenic edema can be quantified by drawing regions of interest into specific anatomical regions. For each region, a T2 relaxation time that increases with increasing edema can be obtained. Furthermore, brain volume indicative of edema starts to significantly increase in moderately sick mice as compared to baseline, and further increases in severely sick mice.Lastly, microvascular pathology, as evidenced by microhemorrhages and an increase of vessel susceptibility contrast, occurs after the first signs of blood-brain barrier disruption in vasogenic edema. These microhemmorhages predominantly occur in the olfactory bulb. If the whole MRI protocol is obtained, all images including positioning can be obtained within one hour, if it is performed properly.The minimal protocol should include a T2 weighted sequence or T2 relaxometry, and a T2 star-weighted sequence in order to judge the presence of vasogenic edema, microhemmorhage load, and microvascular impairment. After watching this video, you should have a good understanding how whole-brain MRI visualizes pathological changes in experimental cerebral malaria, including such changes as brain swelling, which is difficult to detect ex vivo.

Research

JoVE Journal

Medicine

In Vivo Tracking of Edema Development and Microvascular Pathology in a Model of Experimental Cerebral Malaria Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Magnetic Resonance Derived Myocardial Strain Assessment Using Feature Tracking

Özellik Takibi Manyetik Rezonans Türetilmiş Miyokard Gerinim Değerlendirmesi

Purpose: An accurate and practical method to measure parameters like strain in myocardial tissue is of great clinical value, since it has been shown, that ...

Tıp

Magnetic Resonance Imaging Quantification of Pulmonary Perfusion using Calibrated Arterial Spin Labeling

Akciğer Perfüzyon Kalibreli Arter Spin Etiketleme kullanarak Manyetik Rezonans Görüntüleme Niceleme

This demonstrates a MR imaging method to measure the spatial distribution of pulmonary blood flow in healthy subjects 
during normoxia (inspired O2, ...

Multi-modal Imaging of Angiogenesis in a Nude Rat Model of Breast Cancer Bone Metastasis Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging, Volumetric Computed Tomography and Ultrasound

Manyetik Rezonans Görüntüleme, Volumetrik Bilgisayarlı Tomografi ve Ultrason Kullanımı Meme Kanseri Kemik metastazı bir Nude Rat Model Angiogenezis Multi-modal Görüntüleme

Angiogenesis is an essential feature of cancer growth and metastasis formation. In bone metastasis, angiogenic factors are pivotal for tumor cell ...

In vivo 19F MRI for Cell Tracking

In vivo 19F MRI for Cell Tracking

Hücre Takip için vivo 19 F MRG

In vivo 19F MRI allows quantitative cell tracking without the use of ionizing radiation. It is a noninvasive technique that can be applied to humans. ...

Noninvasive Assessment of Cardiac Abnormalities in Experimental Autoimmune Myocarditis by Magnetic Resonance Microscopy Imaging in the Mouse

Fare Manyetik Rezonans Görüntüleme Mikroskopi tarafından Deneysel Otoimmün Miyokardit Kardiyak anormallikler noninvaziv değerlendirilmesi

Myocarditis is an inflammation of the myocardium, but only ~10% of those affected show clinical manifestations of the disease. To study the immune events ...

Tracking the Mammary Architectural Features and Detecting Breast Cancer with Magnetic Resonance Diffusion Tensor Imaging

Manyetik Rezonans Difüzyon Tensor Görüntüleme ile Meme Mimari Özellikleri İzleme ve algılama Meme Kanseri

Breast cancer is the most common cause of cancer among women worldwide. Early detection of breast cancer has a critical role in improving the quality of ...

Simultaneous PET/MRI Imaging During Mouse Cerebral Hypoxia-ischemia

Fare Serebral Hipoksi-iskemi sırasında Eşzamanlı PET / MR Görüntüleme

Dynamic changes in tissue water diffusion and glucose metabolism occur during and after hypoxia in cerebral hypoxia-ischemia reflecting a bioenergetics ...

Using Multi-fluorinated Bile Acids and In Vivo Magnetic Resonance Imaging to Measure Bile Acid Transport

Using Multi-fluorinated Bile Acids and In Vivo Magnetic Resonance Imaging to Measure Bile Acid Transport

Çok florlu Safra Asitler ve kullanma<em&gt; İn Vivo</em&gt; Manyetik Rezonans Görüntüleme Tedbir Safra Asit Ulaşım

Along with their traditional role as detergents that facilitate fat absorption, emerging literature indicates that bile acids are potent signaling ...

Quantitative Visualization of Leukocyte Infiltrate in a Murine Model of Fulminant Myocarditis by Light Sheet Microscopy

Bir Fulminan Miyokardit Modelinde Işık Yeri Mikroskopisi İle Lökosit İnfiltrasyonunun Nicel Görselleştirilmesi

Light-sheet fluorescence microscopy (LSFM), in combination with chemical clearing protocols, has become the gold standard for analyzing fluorescently ...

Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging at 7 Tesla

7 Tesla, kardiyak manyetik rezonans görüntüleme

CMR at an ultra-high field (magnetic field strength B0&#160;&#8805; 7 Tesla) benefits from the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) advantage inherent at higher ...