Name: chemical analysis of water-accommodated fractions of crude oil spills using tims-ft-icr ms
Uploaded: 2017-03-03T14:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Chemical Analysis of Water-accommodated Fractions of Crude Oil Spills Using TIMS-FT-ICR MS at JoVE.com

Bu çalışma Ulusal Sağlık Enstitüsü (FFL Grant No R00GM106414) tarafından desteklenmiştir. Biz onların destek için Florida International University Gelişmiş Kütle Spektrometre Tesisi kabul etmek istiyorum.

Düşük enerjili su ağırladı Kesirler 1. Hazırlama (LEWAF) <ol><li> Herhangi bir potansiyel kirletici maddelerin çıkarılması için metilen klorür ile şişe durulama temiz 2-L&#39;lik bir aspiratör şişe. </li><li> Metilen klorür 50 mL şişe doldurmak kapatın ve 30 s için çalkalayın. Uygun atık kabı içine boşaltın. üç yıkamadan toplam tekrarlayın. </li><li> ışınlama maruz kalma ve bir kontrol numunesi olarak diğer şişe bir aspiratör şişesi kullanın (her mümkünse yinelenen setleri...

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D., Thompson, C. J., Gardinali, P., Fernandez-Lima, F. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Increasing+Polyaromatic+Hydrocarbon+(PAH)+Molecular+Coverage+during+Fossil+Oil+Analysis+by+Combining+Gas+Chromatography+and+Atmospheric-Pressure+Laser+Ionization+Fourier+Transform+Ion+Cyclotron+Resonance+Mass+Spectrometry+(FT-ICR+MS).">Increasing Polyaromatic Hydrocarbon (PAH) Molecular Coverage during Fossil Oil Analysis by Combining Gas Chromatography and Atmospheric-Pressure Laser Ionization Fourier Transform Ion Cyclotron Resonance Mass Spectrometry (FT-ICR MS).</a> Energy &amp; Fuels. 30 (1), 196-203 (2016).</li><li>Qi, Y., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Absorption-Mode+Fourier+Transform+Mass+Spectrometry:+the+Effects+of+Apodization+and+Phasing+on+Modified+Protein+Spectra.">Absorption-Mode Fourier Transform Mass Spectrometry: the Effects of Apodization and Phasing on Modified Protein Spectra.</a> Journal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry. 24 (6), 828-834 (2013).</li><li>Lababidi, S., Schrader, W. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Online+normal-phase+high-performance+liquid+chromatography/Fourier+transform+ion+cyclotron+resonance+mass+spectrometry:+Effects+of+different+ionization+methods+on+the+characterization+of+highly+complex+crude+oil+mixtures.">Online normal-phase high-performance liquid chromatography/Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry: Effects of different ionization methods on the characterization of highly complex crude oil mixtures.</a> Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry. 28 (12), 1345-1352 (2014).</li></ol>

Protokol çerçevesinde kritik adımlar LEWAFs kimyasal karmaşıklığı doğru doğal olarak oluşur neyi yansıtmak için laboratuvar deneyleri için sırayla doğru hazırlık gerektirir. Verilerin geçerli bir değerlendirme üç kritere menteşeleri: taşıma numune boyunca eserler giriş minimize (örneğin, analiz için numune LEWAF, örnekleme, çekimi ve hazırlık hazırlanması), deneysel protokol doğrulama (yani, koyu kontrollerini kullanarak foto-ışınlama den...

doğal nedenlerle ve insan kaynaklı maruz hem ham petrol çevresel maruziyetin çok sayıda kaynak vardır. çevreye salınması üzerine, özellikle de okyanusta ham petrol yüzeyi üzerinde bir yağ tabakasının oluşumu, atmosfere uçucu bileşenlerin kaybı ve çökelme ile bölümleme geçirebilmektedir. Bununla birlikte, klasik çözünür değildir az çözünen bir yağ ve meydana su ve bu karışımın, düşük enerjili karıştırma, düşük enerjili su yerleştirilmiştir fraksiyonu (LEWAF) olarak adlandırılan oluşturur. su içinde yağ bileşenlerinin çözündürme, tipik olarak güneş radyasyonuna yağ-su arayüzünün maruz kalma sırasında arttırılır. Okyanusta ham petrolün bu foto-çözündürme Enzimatik bozunma 1, 2, güneş ışınlarına ve / veya Bunların ışığında önemli kimyasal değişiklikler maruz kalabilir. Bu kimyasal değişimleri anlamak ve<html> onlar kütle matrisi (yani, ham petrol) varlığında meydana nasıl bu poz çevre üzerindeki etkilerini azaltmak için esastır. Önceki çalışmalar ham petrol oksijenasyonu, organizmalar zarar biyo-birikim uğrar kontaminasyon son derece zehirli bir kaynak temsil özellikle polisiklik aromatik hidrokarbonlar (PAH), uğrar ve biyoaktif 3, 5, 6 olduğunu göstermiştir. sadece kütle matrisi varlığında meydana geldiği için, farklı oksijen işlemlerinin ürünlerine anlama zordur. Bu nedenle, tek bir standart analiz doğada meydana gelen değişikliklerin temsil olmayabilir. LEWAF hazırlanması çevre ortamda gerçekleşecek doğal süreçleri çoğaltmak gerekir. Özel ilgi konusu, güneş ışınlarına bağlı oluşur PAH oksijen vardır. t &quot;&gt; su ağırladı fraksiyonunun çalışmada ikinci zorluk numunedeki farklı kimyasal bileşenlerin moleküler belirlenmesidir. sayesinde yüksek kütle ve oksijen derecesi nedeniyle numunenin karmaşıklığı, için, oksijenasyon ürünler tipik olarak, geleneksel analiz için uygun MS analizi 7, 8 ile birleştirilmiş gaz kromatografisi ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. alternatif bir yaklaşım (örneğin FT-ICR MS ultra yüksek kütle çözünürlüklü MS teknikleri kullanılarak numunenin kimyasal formülündeki karakterize etmek olan ). MS etki izobarik ayırma ek olarak, FT-ICR MS TIMS birleşerek, iyon hareketlilik spektroskopisi (IMS) boyutu örnek 9, 10, 11, bu değişik izomer için ayırma ve karakteristik bilgileri içerir. atmosferik basınçta lazer ile birlikteiyonlaşma (APLI) kaynağı, analiz PAH için geçmesi değişiklikler doğru 13, 12, özelliği sağlayan, numune içinde bulunan konjüge molekülleri seçici olabilir. Bu çalışmada, yağ bileşenleri dönüşüm işlemlerini incelemek amacıyla Foto-irradiyasyon maruz LEWAFs hazırlanması için bir protokol açıklar. Ayrıca Foto-irradiyasyon üzerine meydana gelen değişimler, ve örnek çıkarılması için bir prosedürü gösterir. Ayrıca, ışığa maruz bir fonksiyonu olarak LEWAF PAH karakterize FT-ICR MS ile birlikte TIMS ile APLI kullanımını sunacaktır.

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			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:228px;">Reagents</td>
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			<td style="width:156px;"></td>
			<td style="width:375px;"></td>
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		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">methylene chloride</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
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			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">methanol</td>
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			<td></td>
			<td></td>
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			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">toluene</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
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			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Na2SO4</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Crude oil</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Instant Ocean&#174;</td>
			<td>Aquarium Systems</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>33 ppt salinity with 0.45 &#956;m pore filtration&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Name&#160;</td>
			<td>Company</td>
			<td>Catalog Number</td>
			<td>Comments</td>
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		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Equipment</td>
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			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Suntext XLS+</td>
			<td>Atlas Chicalo Ill, USA</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>1500 w xeon arc lamp, light intensity of 765 W/m2&#160;</td>
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			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Atmospheric Pressure Laser Ionization</td>
			<td>Bruker Daltonics Inc, MA</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Note a 266 nm laser is used</td>
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		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">TIMS-FT-ICR MS Instrument</td>
			<td>Bruker Daltonics Inc, MA</td>
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			<td>The set up we had consisted of a 7T magnet with an infinity cell</td>
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		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Name&#160;</td>
			<td>Company</td>
			<td>Catalog Number</td>
			<td>Comments</td>
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			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Software</td>
			<td></td>
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			<td></td>
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			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">DataAnalysis 4.2</td>
			<td>Bruker Daltonics Inc, MA</td>
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			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Python 2.7</td>
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			<td></td>
			<td>Requires Numpy, Scipy, Pandas, glob, oct2py, and os</td>
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			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Octave 4.0</td>
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chemical analysis of water-accommodated fractions of crude oil spills using tims-ft-icr ms

Birden fazla kimyasal süreçleri de mesai gerçekleşen kimyasal reaksiyonlar deniz suyu dahil ve nasıl ham petrol kontrol eder. Bu sistemi incelenmesi doğru doğada oluşan suda yerleştirilmiştir fraksiyonu doğal oluşumunu taklit etmek için, numunenin iyi hazırlanmasını gerektirir. Düşük enerjili su yerleştirilmiştir fraksiyonlar (LEWAF) dikkatli bir dizi oranında, ham petrol ve su karıştırılarak hazırlanmıştır. Aspiratör şişe daha sonra ışınlanır ve ayar zaman noktalarında, su örneklenmiş ve standart teknikler kullanılarak ekstre edilir. İkinci zorluk dikkate zamanla meydana gelen kimyasal değişiklikleri almalıdır numunenin, temsil karakterizasyonu olduğunu. LEWAF aromatik fraksiyonunun bir hedeflenen analiz özel yapılmış bir tuzak iyon Hareketlilik Spektroskopisi-Fourier dönüşümü iyon siklotron rezonans kütle spektrometresi (TIMS FT bağlanmış bir atmosferik basınçlı, lazer iyonizasyon kaynağı kullanılarak gerçekleştirilebilir-ICR MS). TIMS-FT-ICR MS analizi daha da çarpışma kesitler (CCS) ve kimyasal formülle izomerik bileşenlerin tanınmasını sağlayacak yüksek çözünürlüklü iyon hareketlilik ve ultra çözünürlüklü MS analizi sağlar. Sonuçlar yağ-su karışımı, ışığa maruz olduğu gibi, su içine yüzeyler önemli fotoğraf çözündürme olduğunu göstermektedir. Zaman içinde, çözündürülmüş moleküllerin kimyasal dönüşüm tipik olarak baz yağ gözlenmiştir daha büyük bir oksijen miktarı ile bu lehine nitrojen ve sülfür taşıyan türler kimlikleri sayısında bir azalma ile gerçekleşir.

M / z ve TIMS bindirme voltaj göre iki boyutlu bir spektrumda TIMS-FT-ICR MS sonuçları LEWAF analizi. Kimyasal formüllerin dağılımı ve IMS (bakınız Şekil 1) tarafından tanımlanan izomer katkısıyla gözlemlenen farklı zaman noktalarında alınan örneklerin her biri, bu nedenle değişen kimyasal bileşime göre karakterize edilebilir. Tipik haliyle, m / z bilgileri analiz zirvelere element formüller atamak için kullanılabilir. APLI ku...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Chemical Analysis of Water-accommodated Fractions of Crude Oil Spills Using TIMS-FT-ICR MS at JoVE.com

Chemical Analysis of Water-accommodated Fractions of Crude Oil Spills Using TIMS-FT-ICR MS

Ham petrolün düşük enerjili su ağırladı fraksiyon (LEWAF) zamanla, bu kompleks bir karışımı kimyasal dönüşümler uğrar, çünkü analiz etmek zor bir sistemdir. Bu protokol, LEWAF numunenin hazırlanması için ve tuzağa iyon Hareketlilik Spektroskopisi-FT-ICR MS ile Foto-irradiyasyon ve kimyasal analizi için yöntemleri açıklar.

Ham Petrol Su ağırladı Kesirler Kimyasal Analiz TIMS-FT-ICR MS kullanma dökülmelerini

Multiple chemical processes control how crude oil is incorporated into seawater and also the chemical reactions that occur overtime. Studying this system ...

The overall goal of these experiments is to illustrate the analytical advantages of enabling emerging technologies based on TIMS-FT-ICR MS for the molecular characterization of complex mixtures, such as water-accommodated fractions for crude oils. The TIMS-FT-ICR MS coupling combines two of the most comprehensive orthogonal and alluvial techniques for the analysis of complex mixtures. TIMS-FT-ICR MS coupling permits in a single analysis the characterization of thousands of molecular components with mobility resolving powers of over 150, mass resolution of 500, 000, and sub-ppm mass accuracy.TIMS-FT-ICR MS enables the separation, identification, and quantitation at the molecular level of complex mixtures, based on differences in size, charge and mass with minimal sample appropriation. To begin the LEGAF preparation, add 50 milliliters of dicholomethane to a two liter glass aspirator bottle. Close the bottle and agitate the bottle for 30 seconds.Discard the dichloromethane wash, and repeat this process two more times. Wash one more two liter aspirator bottle in this way, then add about 1.6 liters of filtered artificial seawater with a salinity of 33 parts per thousand to each bottle. Add a stir bar, and then use a gas-tight syringe to add sufficient crude oil sample to each bottle to achieve a final concentration of one gram per liter of oil and seawater.Wrap the bottles in aluminum foil to exclude light, and stir the mixtures at approximately 100 RPM for 24 hours to finish preparing the LEWAF. It's important that care is used when first mixing the oil and water to avoid over-mixing the solution. Next, unwrap one of the LEWAF bottles in aluminum foil, leaving one as the dark control.Place the bottles in the solar irradiator with the temperature set to maintain the samples at 25 degrees Celsius. Irradiate the mixtures continuously for the desired experiment length. At set intervals during the experiment, obtain 150 milliliter fractions from each bottle by uncorking the bottle and opening the drain valve.Extract each sample aliquot using 50 milliliters of dichloromethane three times using a separatory funnel. Shake the funnel for two minutes each time, remembering to regularly vent the funnel to avoid pressure buildup. Drain the sample into a flat-bottom flask through a funnel containing sulfate and rinse the sodium sulfate with additional DCM.Concentrate the extract to 15 milliliters using a hot water bath set at 58 degrees Celsius. Transfer the concentrate into a concentration tube, rinsing the flask with DCM. Concentrate each sample to one milliliter under a gentle stream of nitrogen gas.For each concentrated sample, using a glass positive displacement micropipette, add 990 microliters of a one to one by volume mixture of methanol and toluene to a glass vial. Then mix in 10 microliters of the sample. To begin the FTR-ICR MS analysis, set the instrument to Operate mode.Draw a sample into a sample syringe. Set the infusion rate to 200 microliters per hour, the nebulizer pressure to two bar, and the vaporizer temperature to 300 degrees Celsius. Set the dry gas rate to 1.2 liters per minute and the temperature to 220 degrees Celsius.Then set the instrument to Tune mode. Based on the resulting spectrum adjust the instrument parameters and recalibrate the mass spectrometer to improve the ion transmission and detection for the desired range of mass to charge ratios. Once the instrument parameters have been optimized, exit Tune mode.Set the desired number of scans to be average per mass spectrum, and then acquire the spectrum. To begin the trapped ion mobility spectrometry analysis turn on the external breaker to the TIMS instrument to engage TIMS mode. Set the FT-ICR instrument to chromatography mode.Turn on the supplementary roughing pump and set the inlet and outlet pressures to the desired values using the TIMS control valve. Allow the pump to warm up for at least three hours, then perform a fast sweep over a wide voltage range at a low IMS and MS resolution to identify the needed voltage range for the analysis. Once the range has been identified, set the voltage per frame to 0.1 volts.Set the number of frames to cover the entirety of the DeltaV ramp and run the analysis. After performing the analyses, process the data with the appropriate software and scripts to determine the chemical composition and mobility values of identified peaks. After sunlight irradiation of an LEWAF of a crude oil sample, changes in the chemical complexity are observed as a function of exposure time.This complexity was detected and visualized in a 2D spectrum based on mass to charge ratio and ion mobility. The use of APLI resulted in greater analytical sensitivity to molecules with double bonds. Four molecular classes were identified in the sample.Distribution plots of double bond equivalents as a function of the number of carbons were used to monitor changes in the molecular composition over time. Two-dimensional plots of inverse mobility versus carbon number were created, with the double bond equivalents represented as the color of each point. Linear trends were observed for each of the four common molecular classes.After watching this video you should have a good understanding of the basic steps and unique advantages of APLI-TIMS-FT-ICR MS for the analysis of LEWAF samples as well as other complex mixtures. While attempting this procedure it's important to remember that sample integrity, such as reducing sources of contamination, is fundamental for accurate results. The characterization at the molecular level of the water-accommodated fractions of crude oils, the transformation products, and their fate during exposure to sunlight in the ocean is of the utmost environmental importance.Compared to other separation techniques such as liquid chromatography and gas chromatography, TIMS separation occurs in a shorter time scale, and is timing dependent, which permits better coupling with ultra high resolution MS analyzers while providing collision cross sections and chemical formulas in a single analysis. The generation of new comprehensive analytical tools for the analysis of complex mixtures at molecular level, such as TIMS-FT-ICR MS has great implications for our understanding of the chemical transformations and fate of crude oil in the ocean.

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SCIENTISTS IN ACTION

Measurement of H2S in Crude Oil and Crude Oil Headspace Using Multidimensional Gas Chromatography, Deans Switching and Sulfur-selective Detection

Measurement of H2S in Crude Oil and Crude Oil Headspace Using Multidimensional Gas Chromatography, Deans Switching and Sulfur-selective Detection

H ölçümü<sub&gt; 2</sub&gt; Ham Petrol ve Gaz Kromatografisi kullanarak çok boyutlu Ham Petrol üst kısmında S, Dekanlar Switching ve Kükürt-seçici algılama

A method for the analysis of dissolved hydrogen sulfide in crude oil samples is demonstrated using gas chromatography. In order to effectively eliminate ...

Çevre

LC-MS Analysis of Human Platelets as a Platform for Studying Mitochondrial Metabolism

Mitokondriyal Metabolizma incelenmesi için Platform olarak İnsan Trombositler LC-MS Analizi

Perturbed mitochondrial metabolism has received renewed interest as playing a causative role in a range of diseases. Probing alterations to metabolic ...

Methods of Soil Resampling to Monitor Changes in the Chemical Concentrations of Forest Soils

Toprak Yeniden örnekleme yöntemleri Orman Topraklarının Kimyasal Konsantrasyonlarına Değişiklik Monitör

Recent soils research has shown that important chemical soil characteristics can change in less than a decade, often the result of broad environmental ...

Measurement of the Rheology of Crude Oil in Equilibrium with CO2 at Reservoir Conditions

Measurement of the Rheology of Crude Oil in Equilibrium with CO2 at Reservoir Conditions

Ham Petrol Reolojisinin CO İle Dengesinde Ölçümü<sub&gt; 2</sub&gt; Rezervuar Koşullarında

A rheometer system to measure the rheology of crude oil in equilibrium with carbon dioxide (CO2) at high temperatures and pressures is described. The ...

Dispersion of Nanomaterials in Aqueous Media: Towards Protocol Optimization

Nanomalzemeler sulu ortamda dağılımı: doğru iletişim kuralı en iyi duruma getirme

The sonication process is commonly used for de-agglomerating and dispersing nanomaterials in aqueous based media, necessary to improve homogeneity and ...

Microfluidic Devices for Characterizing Pore-scale Event Processes in Porous Media for Oil Recovery Applications

Gözenek çaplı olay süreçleri gözenekli ortamda petrol kurtarma uygulamaları için karakterize için mikrosıvısal aygıtlar

Microfluidic devices are versatile tools for studying transport processes at a microscopic scale. A demand exists for microfluidic devices that are ...

The Effect of the Application of Thyme Essential Oil on Microbial Load During Meat Drying

Kekik esans uygulama etkisi et kurutma sırasında mikrobiyal yükü

Meat is a high protein meal that is used in the preparation of jerky, a popular food snack, where preservation and safety are important. To assure food ...

Identification of Pharmaceuticals in The Aquatic Environment Using HPLC-ESI-Q-TOF-MS and Elimination of Erythromycin Through Photo-Induced Degradation

Eczacılık HPLC-ESI-Q-TOF-MS ve eritromisin fotoğraf kaynaklı bozulması ile ortadan kaldırılması kullanılarak Su ortamındaki tanımlaması

Monitoring pharmaceuticals throughout the water cycle is becoming increasingly important for the aquatic environment and eventually for human health. ...

A Novel Method for the Pentosan Analysis Present in Jute Biomass and Its Conversion into Sugar Monomers Using Acidic Ionic Liquid

Pentosan analizi için yeni bir yöntem mevcut Jüt biyokütle ve şeker monomerleri asidik iyonik sıvı kullanarak içine onun dönüşüm

Recently, ionic liquids (ILs) are used for biomass valorization into valuable chemicals because of their remarkable properties such as thermal stability, ...

Isolation of Mandibular Gland Reservoir Contents from Bornean 'Exploding Ants' (Formicidae) for Volatilome Analysis by GC-MS and MetaboliteDetector

Isolation of Mandibular Gland Reservoir Contents from Bornean 'Exploding Ants' Formicidae for Volatilome Analysis by GC-MS and MetaboliteDetector

Yalıtım Borneo dan çene kemiğinde bezi rezervuar İçindekiler ' GC-MS ve MetaboliteDetector göre Volatilome analiz için karıncalar (karınca) patlayan

The aim of this manuscript is to present a protocol describing the metabolomic analysis of Bornean &#39;exploding ants&#39; belonging to the Colobopsis ...