Name: isolation of circulating tumor cells in an orthotopic mouse model of colorectal cancer
Uploaded: 2017-07-18T13:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Isolation of Circulating Tumor Cells in an Orthotopic Mouse Model of Colorectal Cancer at JoVE.com

Diese Arbeit wurde von der deutschen Forschungsstiftung (WE 3548 / 4-1) und der Roland-Ernst-Stiftung für Gesundheitswesen (1/14) unterstützt.

Die hier vorgestellten Tierversuche wurden unabhängig von einem institutionellen und einem staatlichen Tierpflege- und -nutzungsausschuss unabhängig überprüft und zugelassen und wurden nach den Richtlinien der Föderation der Laboratoriums-Tierwissenschaften (FELASA) durchgeführt. Alle möglichen Maßnahmen wurden ergriffen, um Leiden einschließlich Anästhesie und Analgesie oder, wenn nötig, vorzeitige Sterbehilfe zu minimieren. 1. Vorbereitung von Zellen und Organoiden <p...

<ol>
	<li>Siegel, R. L., Miller, K. D., Jemal, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Cancer+statistics,+2016.">Cancer statistics, 2016.</a> CA Cancer J Clin. 66 (1), 7-30 (2016).</li><li>Weitz, J., Koch, M., Debus, J., H&#246;hler, T., Galle, P. R., B&#252;chler, M. W. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Colorectal+cancer.">Colorectal cancer.</a> Lancet. 365 (9454), 153-165 (2005).</li><li>Sch&#246;lch, S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Circulating+tumor+cells+of+colorectal+cancer.">Circulating tumor cells of colorectal cancer.</a> Cancer Cell Microenviron. 1 (5), (2014).</li><li>Steinert, G., Sch&#246;lch, S., Koch, M., Weitz, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Biology+and+significance+of+circulating+and+disseminated+tumour+cells+in+colorectal+cancer.">Biology and significance of circulating and disseminated tumour cells in colorectal cancer.</a> Langenbecks Arch Surg. 397 (4), 535-542 (2012).</li><li>Bork, U., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Prognostic+relevance+of+minimal+residual+disease+in+colorectal+cancer.">Prognostic relevance of minimal residual disease in colorectal cancer.</a> World J Gastroenterol. 20 (30), 10296-10304 (2014).</li><li>Bork, U., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Circulating+tumour+cells+and+outcome+in+non-metastatic+colorectal+cancer:+a+prospective+study.">Circulating tumour cells and outcome in non-metastatic colorectal cancer: a prospective study.</a> Br J Cancer. 112 (8), 1306-1313 (2015).</li><li>Rahbari, N. N., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Compartmental+differences+of+circulating+tumor+cells+in+colorectal+cancer.">Compartmental differences of circulating tumor cells in colorectal cancer.</a> Ann Surg Oncol. 19 (7), 2195-2202 (2012).</li><li>Rahbari, N. N., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Metastatic+Spread+Emerging+From+Liver+Metastases+of+Colorectal+Cancer:+Does+the+Seed+Leave+the+Soil+Again?.">Metastatic Spread Emerging From Liver Metastases of Colorectal Cancer: Does the Seed Leave the Soil Again?.</a> Ann Surg. 263 (2), 345-352 (2016).</li><li>Rahbari, N. N., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Meta-analysis+shows+that+detection+of+circulating+tumor+cells+indicates+poor+prognosis+in+patients+with+colorectal+cancer.">Meta-analysis shows that detection of circulating tumor cells indicates poor prognosis in patients with colorectal cancer.</a> Gastroenterology. 138 (5), 1714-1726 (2010).</li><li>Steinert, G., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Immune+Escape+and+Survival+Mechanisms+in+Circulating+Tumor+Cells+of+Colorectal+Cancer.">Immune Escape and Survival Mechanisms in Circulating Tumor Cells of Colorectal Cancer.</a> Cancer Res. 74 (6), 1694-1704 (2014).</li><li>Sharpless, N. E., Depinho, R. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+mighty+mouse:+genetically+engineered+mouse+models+in+cancer+drug+development.">The mighty mouse: genetically engineered mouse models in cancer drug development.</a> Nat Rev Drug Discov. 5 (9), 741-754 (2006).</li><li>Roper, J., Hung, K. E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Priceless+GEMMs:+genetically+engineered+mouse+models+for+colorectal+cancer+drug+development.">Priceless GEMMs: genetically engineered mouse models for colorectal cancer drug development.</a> Trends Pharmacol Sci. 33 (8), 449-455 (2012).</li><li>Sch&#246;lch, S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Radiotherapy+combined+with+TLR7/8+activation+induces+strong+immune+responses+against+gastrointestinal+tumors.">Radiotherapy combined with TLR7/8 activation induces strong immune responses against gastrointestinal tumors.</a> Oncotarget. 6 (7), 4663-4676 (2015).</li><li>Sch&#246;lch, S., Rauber, C., Weitz, J., Koch, M., Huber, P. E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=TLR+activation+and+ionizing+radiation+induce+strong+immune+responses+against+multiple+tumor+entities.">TLR activation and ionizing radiation induce strong immune responses against multiple tumor entities.</a> Oncoimmunology. 4 (11), e1042201 (2015).</li><li>Sch&#246;lch, S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Circulating+tumor+cells+exhibit+stem+cell+characteristics+in+an+orthotopic+mouse+model+of+colorectal+cancer.">Circulating tumor cells exhibit stem cell characteristics in an orthotopic mouse model of colorectal cancer.</a> Oncotarget. 7 (19), 27232-27242 (2016).</li><li>Nanduri, L. K., Garc&#237;a, S., Weitz, J., Sch&#246;lch, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Mouse+Models+of+Colorectal+Cancer-Derived+Circulating+Tumor+Cells.">Mouse Models of Colorectal Cancer-Derived Circulating Tumor Cells.</a> Med Chem (Los Angeles). 6 (7), 497-499 (2016).</li><li>van Noort, V., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Novel+Drug+Candidates+for+the+Treatment+of+Metastatic+Colorectal+Cancer+through+Global+Inverse+Gene-Expression+Profiling.">Novel Drug Candidates for the Treatment of Metastatic Colorectal Cancer through Global Inverse Gene-Expression Profiling.</a> Cancer Res. 74 (20), 5690-5699 (2014).</li><li>Sato, T., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Long-term+expansion+of+epithelial+organoids+from+human+colon,+adenoma,+adenocarcinoma,+and+Barrett's+epithelium.">Long-term expansion of epithelial organoids from human colon, adenoma, adenocarcinoma, and Barrett's epithelium.</a> Gastroenterology. 141 (5), 1762-1772 (2011).</li><li>Boj, S. F., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Organoid+models+of+human+and+mouse+ductal+pancreatic+cancer.">Organoid models of human and mouse ductal pancreatic cancer.</a> Cell. 160 (1-2), 324-338 (2015).</li><li>Gao, D., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Organoid+cultures+derived+from+patients+with+advanced+prostate+cancer.">Organoid cultures derived from patients with advanced prostate cancer.</a> Cell. 159 (1), 176-187 (2014).</li><li>Ito, M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=NOD/SCID/gamma(c)(null)+mouse:+an+excellent+recipient+mouse+model+for+engraftment+of+human+cells.">NOD/SCID/gamma(c)(null) mouse: an excellent recipient mouse model for engraftment of human cells.</a> Blood. 100 (9), 3175-3182 (2002).</li><li>Simon, M. M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+comparative+phenotypic+and+genomic+analysis+of+C57BL/6J+and+C57BL/6N+mouse+strains.">A comparative phenotypic and genomic analysis of C57BL/6J and C57BL/6N mouse strains.</a> Genome Biol. 14 (7), R82 (2013).</li><li>Kalish, S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=C57BL/6N+Mice+Are+More+Resistant+to+Ehrlich+Ascites+Tumors+Than+C57BL/6J+Mice:+The+Role+of+Macrophage+Nitric+Oxide.">C57BL/6N Mice Are More Resistant to Ehrlich Ascites Tumors Than C57BL/6J Mice: The Role of Macrophage Nitric Oxide.</a> Med Sci Monit Basic Res. 21, 235-240 (2015).</li><li>Tseng, W., Leong, X., Engleman, E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Orthotopic+mouse+model+of+colorectal+cancer.">Orthotopic mouse model of colorectal cancer.</a> J Vis Exp. (10), e484 (2007).</li><li>Roper, J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Combination+PI3K/MEK+inhibition+promotes+tumor+apoptosis+and+regression+in+PIK3CA+wild-type,+KRAS+mutant+colorectal+cancer.">Combination PI3K/MEK inhibition promotes tumor apoptosis and regression in PIK3CA wild-type, KRAS mutant colorectal cancer.</a> Cancer Lett. 347 (2), 204-211 (2014).</li><li>Coffee, E. M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Concomitant+BRAF+and+PI3K/mTOR+blockade+is+required+for+effective+treatment+of+BRAF(V600E)+colorectal+cancer.">Concomitant BRAF and PI3K/mTOR blockade is required for effective treatment of BRAF(V600E) colorectal cancer.</a> Clin Cancer Res. 19 (10), 2688-2698 (2013).</li><li>Belmont, P. J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Resistance+to+dual+blockade+of+the+kinases+PI3K+and+mTOR+in+KRAS-mutant+colorectal+cancer+models+results+in+combined+sensitivity+to+inhibition+of+the+receptor+tyrosine+kinase+EGFR.">Resistance to dual blockade of the kinases PI3K and mTOR in KRAS-mutant colorectal cancer models results in combined sensitivity to inhibition of the receptor tyrosine kinase EGFR.</a> Sci Signal. 7 (351), ra107 (2014).</li><li>Hung, K. E., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Development+of+a+mouse+model+for+sporadic+and+metastatic+colon+tumors+and+its+use+in+assessing+drug+treatment.">Development of a mouse model for sporadic and metastatic colon tumors and its use in assessing drug treatment.</a> Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 107 (4), 1565-1570 (2010).</li><li>Wang, F., Johnson, R. L., Snyder, P. W., DeSmet, M. L., Fleet, J. C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=An+Inducible,+Large-Intestine-Specific+Transgenic+Mouse+Model+for+Colitis+and+Colitis-Induced+Colon+Cancer+Research.">An Inducible, Large-Intestine-Specific Transgenic Mouse Model for Colitis and Colitis-Induced Colon Cancer Research.</a> Dig Dis Sci. 61 (4), 1069-1079 (2016).</li><li>Xue, Y., Johnson, R., Desmet, M., Snyder, P. W., Fleet, J. C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Generation+of+a+transgenic+mouse+for+colorectal+cancer+research+with+intestinal+cre+expression+limited+to+the+large+intestine.">Generation of a transgenic mouse for colorectal cancer research with intestinal cre expression limited to the large intestine.</a> Mol Cancer Res. 8 (8), 1095-1104 (2010).</li><li>Tetteh, P. W., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Generation+of+an+inducible+colon-specific+Cre+enzyme+mouse+line+for+colon+cancer+research.">Generation of an inducible colon-specific Cre enzyme mouse line for colon cancer research.</a> Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 113 (42), 11859-11864 (2016).</li></ol>

Trotz ihrer präklinisch bewährten Aktivität bei subkutanen Mausmodellen scheitert die große Mehrheit der neuartigen Verbindungen in klinischen Studien und erreicht niemals die Klinik. 11 Diese offensichtliche Insuffizienz von subkutanen Mausmodellen zur genauen Simulation der Biologie und Wachstumsmuster von Tumoren hat zur Entwicklung von orthotopischen Mausmodellen geführt, die auf der Injektion von Tumorzellen direkt in das ursprüngliche Organ basieren. Ortho...

Darmkrebs (CRC) ist eine der häufigsten Ursachen für Krebs Tod in den westlichen Ländern. 1 Während der Primärtumor oft reseziert werden kann, verschlechtert das Auftreten von entfernten Metastasen die Prognose drastisch und führt oft zum Tod. 2 , 3 Das biologische Korrelat der Metastase ist zirkulierende Tumorzellen (CTCs), die sich vom Tumor lösen, im Kreislauf überleben, an das Epithel im Zielorgan anschließen, in das Organ eindringen und schließlich zu neuen Läsionen übergehen. 4 Obwohl CTCs bekanntermaßen von prognostischer Relevanz sind, 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 wird ihre Biologie nur teilweise durch ihre extreme Seltenheit im CRC verstanden. 10 Mausmodelle sind ein leistungsfähiges tOol, um verschiedene Aspekte der Krebsbiologie zu studieren. Klassische, subkutane Tumormodelle werden durch subkutane Injektion von Tumorzellen in Empfängermäuse produziert, die entweder immunkompetent sein können (wenn syngene murine Tumorzellen verwendet werden) oder immundefizient sind. Subkutane Tumormodelle sind preiswert und produzieren schnell Daten; Ihr Endpunkt-Tumorwachstum kann leicht und nicht-invasiv gemessen werden. Allerdings scheitern 88% der neuen Verbindungen, die Antitumor-Aktivität in solchen Modellen gezeigt haben, in klinischen Studien. 11 Dies ist zum Teil auf interspezifische Unterschiede zwischen Menschen und Mäusen zurückzuführen; Allerdings ist ein großer Teil dieses Versagens auf den niedrigen prädiktiven Wert von subkutanen Mausmodellen zurückzuführen. Orthotopische Mausmodelle, bei denen die Tumorzellen in das Herkunftsorgan injiziert und damit in ihrer ursprünglichen Mikroumgebung wachsen, werden daher zunehmend in der Krebsforschung eingesetzt. 11 , 12 , </sUp&gt; 13 , 14 Orthotopische Modelle simulieren nicht nur lokale Tumorwachstumsbedingungen; Als Ergebnis der anatomisch korrekten Ort des Tumorwachstums erlauben orthotopische Mausmodelle auch eine realistische Simulation der Metastasierung und werden daher zur Untersuchung der CTC-Biologie 8 , 15 , 16 oder ihrer Reaktion auf verschiedene Behandlungen im CRC verwendet. 13 , 17 Ein wesentlicher Nachteil von orthotopischen Mausmodellen ist ihre technische Komplexität. Je nach dem Organ, in dem die Zellen injiziert werden sollen, ist die Lernkurve, bis der Experimentator in der Lage ist, reproduzierbare Tumore zu induzieren, ziemlich lang. Dies gilt insbesondere für Darmkrebsmodelle, da die Tumorzellen in die Darmwand injiziert werden müssen, was oft zu Perforationen, Tumorzellleckagen oder endoluminalen Tumorzellverlusten führt. Dies einRtikel soll das Verfahren der Zellpräparation aus primären Gewebeproben, 2D-Zelllinien und 3D-Organoidkultur und deren Injektion in den Cecum von Mäusen beschreiben. Die hier beschriebene Technik führt zu hochgradig einheitlichen Tumoren und in Abhängigkeit von der Tumorbiologie der für die Injektion verwendeten Zelllinie eine reproduzierbare Bildung von entfernten Metastasen und CTCs in den Empfängermäusen. 15

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="1294">
	<tbody>
		<tr height="25">
			<td height="25" style="height:25px;width:421px;">Cell culture Media and Components</td>
			<td style="width:297px;"></td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td style="width:457px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:421px;">Advanced DMEM F12</td>
			<td style="width:297px;">Invitrogen</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">12634010</td>
			<td style="width:457px;">DMEM/ F12 +++ medium</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:421px;">HEPES (1 M)</td>
			<td style="width:297px;">Life Technologies GmbH</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">15630056</td>
			<td style="width:457px;">DMEM/ F12 +++ medium</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:421px;">Glutamax-I Supplement (200 mM)</td>
			<td style="width:297px;">Life Technologies GmbH</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">35050038</td>
			<td style="width:457px;">DMEM/ F12 +++ medium</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:421px;">Penicillin/Streptomycin (PenStrep)</td>
			<td style="width:297px;">Life Technologies GmbH</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">15140122</td>
			<td style="width:457px;">DMEM/ F12 +++ medium</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:421px;">DMEM</td>
			<td style="width:297px;">Life Technologies GmbH</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">61965026</td>
			<td>basic medium of 2D cell lines (DMEM/10%FCS)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:421px;">Fetal Calf Serum (FCS)</td>
			<td style="width:297px;">BIOCHROM AG</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">S 0115</td>
			<td>basic medium of 2D cell lines (DMEM/10%FCS)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:421px;">TrypLE Express enzymatic dissociation buffer</td>
			<td style="width:297px;">Life Technologies GmbH</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">12604021</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:421px;">Matrigel basement membrane matrix (BMM, phenol red free)</td>
			<td style="width:297px;">CORNING B.V. Life Sciences</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">356231</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:421px;">Dulbecco&#39;s Phosphate Buffered Saline</td>
			<td style="width:297px;">Life Technologies GmbH</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">14190169</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:421px;">Trypsin-EDTA (0,25%, Phenol-Red)</td>
			<td style="width:297px;">Life Technologies GmbH</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">25200072</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:421px;">6-/48-well plates with lid</td>
			<td style="width:297px;">CORNING</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">3516/3548</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:421px;">cell culture flask 75cm&#178;, 250 mL</td>
			<td style="width:297px;">VWR International GmbH</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">734-2066</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:421px;">cell culture flask 150cm&#178;, 600 mL</td>
			<td style="width:297px;">Corning B.V. Life Sciences</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">355001</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:421px;">Eppendorf tubes 1,5 mL / 2 mL</td>
			<td style="width:297px;">Sarstedt AG &#38; Co.</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">72.706.400/ 72.695.400</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:421px;">15 ml, 50 ml centrifuge tubes</td>
			<td style="width:297px;">Greiner-Bio-One GmbH</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">188271/227270</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:421px;">TC10 Counting Slides (for TC20 Counting Machine)</td>
			<td style="width:297px;">Bio-Rad Laboratories GmbH</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">1450016</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:421px;">Pasteur pipettes (glass, 150 mm)</td>
			<td style="width:297px;">Fisher Scientific GmbH</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">11546963/ FB50251</td>
			<td>thinly pulled by using a bunsen burner</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">gentleMACS Dissociator</td>
			<td style="width:297px;">Miltenyi Biotec</td>
			<td>130-093-235</td>
			<td>for primary tumor tissue preparation</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">MACSmix Tube Rotator</td>
			<td style="width:297px;">Miltenyi Biotec</td>
			<td>130-090-753</td>
			<td>for primary tumor tissue preparation</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">gentleMACS C Tubes</td>
			<td style="width:297px;">Miltenyi Biotec</td>
			<td>130-093-237</td>
			<td>for primary tumor tissue preparation</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Human Tumor Dissociation Kit</td>
			<td style="width:297px;">Miltenyi Biotec</td>
			<td>130-095-929</td>
			<td>for primary tumor tissue preparation</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Falcon 70&#181;m Cell Strainer</td>
			<td style="width:297px;">Corning B.V. Life Sciences</td>
			<td>352350</td>
			<td>for primary tumor tissue preparation</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:421px;">Name</td>
			<td style="width:297px;">Company</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">Catalog Number</td>
			<td>Comments</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="25">
			<td height="25" style="height:25px;width:421px;">Surgical Equipment</td>
			<td style="width:297px;"></td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:421px;">Sevoflurane</td>
			<td style="width:297px;">AbbVie Germany GmbH &#38; Co. KG</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">-</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:421px;">Medical oxygen</td>
			<td style="width:297px;">Air Liquide Medical GmbH</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">-</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:421px;">Buprenorphine</td>
			<td style="width:297px;">Temgesic</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">-</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:421px;">Bepanthen - opthalmic ointment</td>
			<td style="width:297px;">Bayer Vital GmbH</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">10047757</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:421px;">Normal saline 0.9% (E154)</td>
			<td style="width:297px;">Serumwerk Bernburg AG</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">10013</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:421px;">Aqua ad injectabilia</td>
			<td style="width:297px;">Braun</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">235144</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:421px;">1 mL Syringe (without dead volume) - Injekt-F SOLO</td>
			<td style="width:297px;">Braun/neoLab</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">194291661</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:421px;">30G injection needle</td>
			<td style="width:297px;">BECTON DICKINSON</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">304000</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:421px;">cellulose swabs</td>
			<td style="width:297px;">Lohmann &#38; Rauscher Deutschland</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">13356</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:421px;">Micro-Adson Forceps</td>
			<td style="width:297px;">FST - Fine Science Tools</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">11018-12</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:421px;">Iris Scissor - ToughCut</td>
			<td style="width:297px;">FST - Fine Science Tools</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">14058-11</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:421px;">Olsen-Hegar Needle Holder</td>
			<td style="width:297px;">FST - Fine Science Tools</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">12002-12</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:421px;">AutoClip Kit</td>
			<td style="width:297px;">FST - Fine Science Tools</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">12020-00</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:421px;">PDS Z1012H 6/0 C1 (surgical suture)</td>
			<td style="width:297px;">Johnson &#38; Johnson Medical GmbH</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">Z1012H</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:421px;">Table Top Research Anesthesia Machine w/O2 Flush and a Sevoflurane Vaporizer</td>
			<td style="width:297px;">Parkland Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">V3000PS/PK</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:421px;">UltraMicro Pump with Micro4 Controller</td>
			<td style="width:297px;">World Precision Instruments</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">UMP3-4</td>
			<td>equipment for highly controlled orthotopic injection</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:421px;">Footswitch for SYS-Micro4 Controller</td>
			<td style="width:297px;">World Precision Instruments</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">15867</td>
			<td>equipment for highly controlled orthotopic injection</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:421px;">Three-axis Manual Micromanipulator</td>
			<td style="width:297px;">World Precision Instruments</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">M325</td>
			<td>equipment for highly controlled orthotopic injection</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:421px;">Magnetic Stand for Micromanipulator</td>
			<td style="width:297px;">World Precision Instruments</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">M10</td>
			<td>equipment for highly controlled orthotopic injection</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:421px;">Steel Base Plate for M10 Magnetic Stand</td>
			<td style="width:297px;">World Precision Instruments</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">5479</td>
			<td>equipment for highly controlled orthotopic injection</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:421px;">Hot Plate 062</td>
			<td style="width:297px;">Labotect</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">13854</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:421px;">Isis - Hair shaver</td>
			<td style="width:297px;">AESCULAP - Braun</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">-</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:421px;">Binocular Surgical Microscope</td>
			<td style="width:297px;">Parkland Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">VS-2Z</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:421px;">Name</td>
			<td style="width:297px;">Company</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">Catalog Number</td>
			<td>Comments</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="25">
			<td height="25" style="height:25px;width:421px;">CTC isolation</td>
			<td style="width:297px;"></td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:421px;">EDTA</td>
			<td style="width:297px;">Roth</td>
			<td>8040.1</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:421px;">Density gradient medium &#8211; Ficoll</td>
			<td>StemCell - Lymphoprep</td>
			<td>7801</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:421px;">Alexa Fluor 488 anti-human CD326 (EpCAM) Antibody clone 9C4</td>
			<td>BioLegend</td>
			<td>324210</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:421px;">Alexa Fluor 488 anti-mouse CD326 (EpCAM) Antibody clone G8.8</td>
			<td>BioLegend</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">118210</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Petri Dish, &#248; 60 x 15 mm, 21 cm&#178;, Vent</td>
			<td>Greiner bio-one</td>
			<td>628102</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Fluorescence Cell Culture Microscope</td>
			<td style="width:297px;">Leica</td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Transferman 4r Micromanipulator</td>
			<td style="width:297px;">Eppendorf</td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">CellTram Air</td>
			<td style="width:297px;">Eppendorf</td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td style="width:457px;">aspiration pump connected to the micromanipulator</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Dmz Universal Microelectrode Puller</td>
			<td style="width:297px;">Dagan Corporation</td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td>required for the manufacturing of micro capillaries for single cell aspiration</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Prism Glass Capillaries</td>
			<td style="width:297px;">Dagan Corporation</td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:421px;">PAP pen</td>
			<td style="width:297px;">Abcam</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">ab2601</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:421px;">Dulbecco&#39;s Phosphate Buffered Saline</td>
			<td style="width:297px;">Life Technologies GmbH</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">14190169</td>
			<td>picking buffer</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:421px;">Fetal Calf Serum (FCS)</td>
			<td style="width:297px;">BIOCHROM AG</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">S 0115</td>
			<td>picking buffer</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:421px;">Penicillin/Streptomycin (PenStrep)</td>
			<td style="width:297px;">Life Technologies GmbH</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">15140122</td>
			<td>picking buffer</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:421px;">EDTA</td>
			<td style="width:297px;">Roth</td>
			<td>8040.1</td>
			<td>picking buffer</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:421px;">Name</td>
			<td style="width:297px;">Company</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">Catalog Number</td>
			<td>Comments</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="25">
			<td height="25" style="height:25px;width:421px;">Immunohistochemistry</td>
			<td style="width:297px;"></td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:421px;">Purified anti-human CD326 (EpCAM) antibody clone 9C4</td>
			<td>BioLegend</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">324201</td>
			<td>EpCAM immunohistochemistry (cf, fig 2C)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:421px;">HRP rabbit anti-mouse IgG</td>
			<td style="width:297px;">Abcam</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">ab97046</td>
			<td>EpCAM immunohistochemistry (cf, fig 2C)</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

isolation of circulating tumor cells in an orthotopic mouse model of colorectal cancer

Trotz der Vorteile der einfachen Anwendbarkeit und der Kostenwirksamkeit haben subkutane Mausmodelle schwere Einschränkungen und simulieren die Tumorbiologie und die Verbreitung von Tumorzellen nicht genau. Orthotopische Mausmodelle wurden eingeführt, um diese Einschränkungen zu überwinden; Allerdings sind solche Modelle technisch anspruchsvoll, vor allem in Hohlorganen wie dem Dickdarm. Um einheitliche Tumore zu erzeugen, die zuverlässig wachsen und metastasieren, sind standardisierte Techniken der Tumorzellpräparation und Injektion kritisch. Wir haben ein orthotopisches Mausmodell von Darmkrebs (CRC) entwickelt, das hochgradig einheitliche Tumore entwickelt und für Tumorbiologie-Studien sowie therapeutische Studien eingesetzt werden kann. Tumorzellen aus Primärtumoren, 2-dimensionalen (2D) Zelllinien oder dreidimensionalen (3D) Organoiden werden in den Cecum injiziert und bilden je nach metastatischem Potential der injizierten Tumorzellen hochmetastatische Tumore. In Ergänzung,CTCs können regelmäßig gefunden werden. Wir beschreiben hier die Technik der Tumorzellpräparation sowohl aus 2D-Zelllinien als auch aus 3D-Organoiden sowie primärem Tumorgewebe, chirurgischen und Injektionstechniken sowie der Isolierung von CTCs aus den tumortragenden Mäusen und präsentieren Tipps zur Fehlersuche.

Die erfolgreiche und reproduzierbare Erzeugung von kolorektalen Tumoren in diesem Modell hängt entscheidend von der genauen Injektion der Zellen ohne Verschütten oder Lecken ab. Wenn dies erreicht wird, ist dieses Modell äußerst zuverlässig und führt selten zu einer künstlichen peritonealen Verbreitung. Die Wachstumskinetik der Tumore sowie deren Verbreitungsmuster hängen von der Biologie der verwendeten Organoide und Zellen ab. 15 Während HCT116-Zellen i...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Isolation of Circulating Tumor Cells in an Orthotopic Mouse Model of Colorectal Cancer at JoVE.com

Isolation of Circulating Tumor Cells in an Orthotopic Mouse Model of Colorectal Cancer

Wir beschreiben die Etablierung von orthotopen kolorektalen Tumoren durch Injektion von Tumorzellen oder Organoiden in den Cecum von Mäusen und die anschließende Isolierung von zirkulierenden Tumorzellen (CTCs) aus diesem Modell.

Isolierung von zirkulierenden Tumorzellen in einem orthotopischen Mausmodell des Darmkrebses

Despite the advantages of easy applicability and cost-effectiveness, subcutaneous mouse models have severe limitations and do not accurately simulate ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Cancer Research

Fluorescent Orthotopic Mouse Model of Pancreatic Cancer

Fluoreszierende orthotopen Mausmodell des Bauchspeicheldrüsenkrebs

Pancreatic cancer remains one of the cancers for which survival has not improved substantially in the last few decades. Only 7% of diagnosed patients will ...

Forschung

Krebsforschung

Murine Experimental Model of Original Tumor Development and Peritoneal Metastasis via Orthotopic Inoculation with Ovarian Carcinoma Cells

Murine Experimental Model of Original Tumor Development and Peritoneal Metastasis via Orthotopic Inoculation with Ovarian Carcinoma Cells

Murine experimentellen Modell der ursprünglichen Tumor-Entwicklung und Peritoneal Metastasierung<em&gt; über</em&gt; Orthotopische Inokulation mit Ovarialkarzinomzellen

Epithelial ovarian carcinoma (EOC) is associated with a poor prognosis because it shows peritoneal dissemination. To improve the prognosis, it is ...

Capture and Release of Viable Circulating Tumor Cells from Blood

Erfassung und Veröffentlichung durchführbare zirkulierender Tumorzellen aus Blut

We demonstrate a method for size based capture of viable circulating tumor cell (CTC) from whole blood, along with the release of these cells from chip ...

A Murine Orthotopic Bladder Tumor Model and Tumor Detection System

Ein Murine Orthotopische Blasentumormodell und Tumor Detection System

This protocol describes the generation of bladder tumors in female C57BL/6J mice using the murine bladder cancer cell line MB49, which has been modified ...

A Genetically Engineered Mouse Model of Sporadic Colorectal Cancer

Ein genetisch manipuliertes Mausmodell des sporadischen Darmkrebses

Despite the advantages of easy applicability and cost-effectiveness, colorectal cancer mouse models based on tumor cell injection have severe limitations ...

Isolation of Human Endothelial Cells from Normal Colon and Colorectal Carcinoma - An Improved Protocol

Isolierung der menschlichen Endothelzellen aus normalen Colon und kolorektalen Karzinom - eine verbesserte Protokoll

Primary cells isolated from human carcinomas are valuable tools to identify pathogenic mechanisms contributing to disease development and progression. In ...

Detection of a Circulating MicroRNA Custom Panel in Patients with Metastatic Colorectal Cancer

Erkennung eines zirkulierenden MicroRNA Custom Panels bei Patienten mit metastasiertem kolorektalen Karzinom

There is increasing interest in liquid biopsy for cancer diagnosis, prognosis and therapeutic monitoring, creating the need for reliable and useful ...

Micromanipulation of Circulating Tumor Cells for Downstream Molecular Analysis and Metastatic Potential Assessment

Mikromanipulation von zirkulierenden Tumorzellen für die nachgelagerte Molekulare Analyse und die metastasierende Potenzialbewertung

Blood-borne metastasis accounts for&#160;most cancer-related deaths and involves circulating tumor cells (CTCs) that are successful in establishing new ...

Semi-automatic PD-L1 Characterization and Enumeration of Circulating Tumor Cells from Non-small Cell Lung Cancer Patients by Immunofluorescence

Halbautomatische PD-L1-Charakterisierung und Aufzählung zirkulierender Tumorzellen von nicht-kleinen Lungenkrebspatienten durch Immunfluoreszenz

Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) derived from the primary tumor are shed into the bloodstream or lymphatic system. These rare cells (1&#8722;10 cells per mL ...

Culture, Manipulation, and Orthotopic Transplantation of Mouse Bladder Tumor Organoids

Kultur, Manipulation und orthotopische Transplantation von Mausblase Tumororganoiden

The development of advanced tumor models has long been encouraged because current cancer models have shown limitations such as lack of three-dimensional ...