Name: vegetated treatment systems for removing contaminants associated with surface water toxicity in agriculture and urban runoff
Uploaded: 2017-05-15T12:30:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Vegetated Treatment Systems for Removing Contaminants Associated with Surface Water Toxicity in Agriculture and Urban Runoff at JoVE.com

这里描述的工作的资金来自加利福尼亚农药管理局和加州水资源部。

城市生物威胁效能监测<ol><li> 风水取样 <ol><li>样本4 L的预处理暴雨水进入生物危机入口时离开停车场，然后通过4“出口排水口离开生物威胁后的4升后处理雨水。 </li><li>使用当地天气预报，在风暴水文图的开始，中间和结束时收集样本。在风暴事件期间复合样本以表征径流变率。 </li><li>手动收集1.3升样品，并将其复合到4升琥珀色瓶中。收集入口样本在几个路边开口，暴雨水流入生?...

<ol>
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U. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Mass+balance+of+fipronil+and+total+toxicity+of+fipronil-related+compounds+in+process+streams+during+conventional+wastewater+and+wetland+treatment.">Mass balance of fipronil and total toxicity of fipronil-related compounds in process streams during conventional wastewater and wetland treatment.</a> Environ Sci Technol. 50 (3), 1519-1526 (2016).</li><li>Stang, C., Bakanov, N., Schulz, R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Experiments+in+water-macrophyte+systems+to+uncover+the+dynamics+of+pesticide+mitigation+processes+in+vegetated+surface+waters/streams.">Experiments in water-macrophyte systems to uncover the dynamics of pesticide mitigation processes in vegetated surface waters/streams.</a> Environ Sci Pollut Res. , (2015).</li><li>Schulz, R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Field+studies+on+exposure,+effects,+and+risk+mitigation+of+aquatic+nonpoint-source+insecticide+pollution:+A+review.">Field studies on exposure, effects, and risk mitigation of aquatic nonpoint-source insecticide pollution: A review.</a> J Environ Qual. 33 (2), 419-448 (2004).</li><li>Moore, M. 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M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+Effects+of+the+Landguard+A900+Enzyme+on+the+Macroinvertebrate+Community+in+the+Salinas+River,+California,+United+States+of+America.">The Effects of the Landguard A900 Enzyme on the Macroinvertebrate Community in the Salinas River, California, United States of America.</a> Arch Environ Contam Toxicol. 70 (2), 231-240 (2016).</li><li>Han, W., Fang, J., Liu, X., Tang, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Techno-economic+feasibility+evaluation+of+a+combined+bioprocess+for+fermentative+hydrogen+production+from+food+waste.">Techno-economic feasibility evaluation of a combined bioprocess for fermentative hydrogen production from food waste.</a> Bioresource Technology. , 107-112 (2016).</li><li>Solomon, K. R., Giddings, J. M., Maund, S. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Probabilistic+risk+assessment+of+cotton+pyrethroids:+I.+Distributional+analysis+of+laboratory+aquatic+toxicity+data.">Probabilistic risk assessment of cotton pyrethroids: I. Distributional analysis of laboratory aquatic toxicity data.</a> Environ Toxicol Chem. 20, 652-659 (2001).</li><li>Weston, D. P., Lydy, M. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Toxicity+of+the+Insecticide+Fipronil+and+Its+Degradates+to+Benthic+Macroinvertebrates+of+Urban+Streams.">Toxicity of the Insecticide Fipronil and Its Degradates to Benthic Macroinvertebrates of Urban Streams.</a> Environ Sci Tech. , (2014).</li><li>Voorhees, J. P., Anderson, B. S., Phillips, B. M., Tjeerdema, R. 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本议定书中描述的做法旨在作为消除农业灌溉和雨水径流污染物总体战略的最后步骤。使用bioswales和其他城市绿色基础设施LID做法旨在作为解决径流污染物到达相邻接收水域的最后一个难题。该协议强调监测城市生物风险的方法，以确定消除与城市污染物相关的毒性的治疗效果，重点是当前使用的农药。 设计监测研究的关键步骤包括建模方法和采样设计，以捕获暴风雨水文?...

地表水毒性在加利福尼亚流域普遍存在，几十年的监测表明毒性往往是由于农药和其他污染物1 。地表水污染的主要来源是城市和农业来源的雨水和灌溉径流。由于污染物被列为降解的污染物，并且从城市和农业来源鉴定出毒性，水质监管机构与国家和联邦资金来源合作，实施减少污染物负荷的做法。加州城市流域正在推广绿色基础设施，以减少洪水，并通过渗透和储存增加雨水的恢复。虽然低影响力开发（LID）设计被授权在许多地区进行新的建设，但很少有研究监测这些系统的功效，超出常规污染物的测量，如溶解固体，金属和液化气丝宝集团。更密集的监测最近已经评估了降低表面水毒性的化学浓度和化学负荷，并直接确定生物燃料游戏是否减少了径流的毒性。这表明bioswales有效地消除了与一些污染物类别2有关的毒性，但需要对新兴化学品进行额外的研究。 在加利福尼亚的农业流域也正在实施植被处理系统，这些已被证明可以有效地减少农业灌溉径流中的农药和其他污染物3,4 。这些系统代表了一套方法的组成部分，以减少污染物对地表水的负荷。因为它们旨在减轻负责地表水毒性的污染物，所以实施过程的关键组成部分是监测e确保其长期有效性。监测包括对化学品的化学分析以及敏感指标物种的毒性测试。本文介绍了城市停车场bioswale和农业植被排水沟系统的协议和监测结果。 典型的停车场生物威胁的设计属性，例如可用于治理典型的混合型城市购物区的风暴径流，取决于被处理的区域。在这里描述的例子中，53,286平方英尺的沥青产生了一个不透水的表面积，排水到一个洼地，由4,683平方英尺的美化组成。为了适应这个表面积的径流，一个215英尺长的平底半V形通道包括斜坡小于50％，纵向斜率为1％的洼地（ 图1 ）。这种麝香草包括三层，包括种植在6英寸表层土中的天然束草红色超过2.5英尺的压实路基。雨水从停车场流向沿着洼地的多个入口点。水浸入植被区域，然后渗入路基并排入4英寸穿孔排水沟。这个系统通过系统排水到相邻的湿地，最终排入当地的小溪。

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="679">
	<tbody>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:216px;">HOBO tipping-bucket digital logger rain gauge&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:177px;">Onset Computer Co., Bourne MA, USA)</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">Onset RG3</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">Rain gauge</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Mechanical geared pulse flow meter&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:177px;">Seametrics Inc., Kent WA</td>
			<td>Seametrics MJ-R</td>
			<td>Flow meter for measuring bioswale outlet flow</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;">Filtrexx SafteySoxx</td>
			<td style="width:177px;">Filtrexx Co. - info@filtrexx.com</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">SafetySoxx</td>
			<td>perforated synthetic cloth for granulated activated carbon and compost</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;">Granulated activated carbon&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:177px;">Evoqua - Siemens Corp., Oakland CA</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">AC380</td>
			<td>GAC for agriculture irrigation water treatment</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;">Digital flow meters&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:177px;">Seametrics Inc. Kent WA</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">Ag2000; WMP101</td>
			<td>Flow meters for agriculture irrigation treatment system monitoring</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Data Loggers</td>
			<td>Campbell Scientific Inc., Logan, UT</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">CR1000</td>
			<td>Data loggers for recording flow data</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;">Peristaltic pumps for composite sampling</td>
			<td style="width:177px;">Omega Engineering Inc. Stamford CT</td>
			<td>Omegaflex FPU-122-12VDC&#160;</td>
			<td>Pumps for composite sampling</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

vegetated treatment systems for removing contaminants associated with surface water toxicity in agriculture and urban runoff

城市雨水和农业灌溉径流含有对相邻接收水经常有毒的污染物的复杂混合物。径流可以通过设计用于促进污染物吸附到植被和土壤并促进渗透的简单系统进行处理。描述了两个示例系统：城市雨水处理的生物威胁处理系统和用于处理农业灌溉径流的植被排水沟。两者具有类似的属性，可以减少径流中的污染物负荷：导致污染物吸收到土壤和植物表面的植被以及水渗透。这些系统还可以包括作为抛光步骤的颗粒状活性炭的整合以去除残留的污染物。这些系统在农业和城市流域的实施需要系统监测来验证治疗效果。这包括对负责毒性的特定污染物进行化学监测。本文强调监测目前使用的农药，因为这些农药对水生无脊椎动物造成地表水的毒性。

城市生物威胁效能在风暴18.5小时内，雨量计记录下来的雨量为1.52“，这导致了从停车场流入生物圈的水流量为50,490加仑，其中出口流量计记录了5248加仑，导致90％的雨水流入生物威胁，生物威胁减少了所有化学品的监测，总悬浮固体减少了72％（ 表1 ），检测到多环芳烃浓度非常低，但所有浓度的多环芳烃降低100％...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Vegetated Treatment Systems for Removing Contaminants Associated with Surface Water Toxicity in Agriculture and Urban Runoff at JoVE.com

Vegetated Treatment Systems for Removing Contaminants Associated with Surface Water Toxicity in Agriculture and Urban Runoff

本文总结了处理城市雨水和农业灌溉径流去除与水生毒性相关的农药和其他污染物的处理系统的设计属性和有效性。

用于去除与农业和城市径流中地表水毒性有关的污染物的植被处理系统

Urban stormwater and agriculture irrigation runoff contain a complex mixture of contaminants that are often toxic to adjacent receiving waters. Runoff may ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Environment

Design and Construction of an Urban Runoff Research Facility

设计一个城市径流研究设施的建设

As the urban population increases, so does the area of irrigated urban landscape. Summer water use in urban areas can be 2-3x winter base line water use ...

科研

环境科学

A Protocol for Conducting Rainfall Simulation to Study Soil Runoff

一个协议，用于开展降雨模拟研究土壤径流

Rainfall is a driving force for the transport of environmental contaminants from agricultural soils to surficial water bodies via surface runoff. The ...

A Whole Cell Bioreporter Approach to Assess Transport and Bioavailability of Organic Contaminants in Water Unsaturated Systems

全细胞Bioreporter方法​​评估交通有机污染物的生物利用度和水饱和系统

Bioavailability of contaminants is a prerequisite for their effective biodegradation in soil. The average bulk concentration of a contaminant, however, is ...

Preparation and Testing of Impedance-based Fluidic Biochips with RTgill-W1 Cells for Rapid Evaluation of Drinking Water Samples for Toxicity

准备和测试阻抗为基础与RTgill-W1细胞饮用水进行快速评估水样进行毒性射流生物芯片

This manuscript describes how to prepare fluidic biochips with Rainbow trout gill epithelial (RTgill-W1) cells for use in a field portable water toxicity ...

A Duplex Digital PCR Assay for Simultaneous Quantification of the Enterococcus spp. and the Human Fecal-associated HF183 Marker in Waters

A Duplex Digital PCR Assay for Simultaneous Quantification of the Enterococcus spp. and the Human Fecal-associated HF183 Marker in Waters

双工数字PCR方法的同时定量<em&gt;肠球菌。</em&gt;和人的粪便相关HF183标记的水域

This manuscript describes a duplex digital PCR assay (EntHF183 dPCR) for simultaneous quantification of Enterococcus spp. and the human fecal-associated ...

Protocol for Microplastics Sampling on the Sea Surface and Sample Analysis

协议塑料微粒采样的海面和样品分析

Microplastic pollution in the marine environment is a scientific topic that has received increasing attention over the last decade. The majority of ...

Ecotoxicological Method with Marine Bacteria Vibrio anguillarum to Evaluate the Acute Toxicity of Environmental Contaminants

Ecotoxicological Method with Marine Bacteria Vibrio anguillarum to Evaluate the Acute Toxicity of Environmental Contaminants

生物毒理学方法与海洋细菌<em&gt;鳗弧菌</em&gt;评估环境污染物的急性毒性

Bacteria are an important component of the ecosystem, and microbial community alterations can have a significant effect on biogeochemical cycling and food ...

Continuous Instream Monitoring of Nutrients and Sediment in Agricultural Watersheds

农业流域营养盐和泥沙的连续河道监测

Pollutant concentrations and loads in watersheds vary considerably with time and space. Accurate and timely information on the magnitude of pollutants in ...

The Plant Infection Test: Spray and Wound-Mediated Inoculation with the Plant Pathogen Magnaporthe Grisea

The Plant Infection Test: Spray and Wound-Mediated Inoculation with the Plant Pathogen Magnaporthe Grisea

植物感染试验: 以植物病原菌为载体的喷雾和伤口介导接种

Plants possess a powerful system to defend themselves against potential threats by pathogenic fungi. For agriculturally important plants, however, current ...

Construction of a Low-cost Mobile Incubator for Field and Laboratory Use

建造供野外和实验室使用的低成本移动孵化器

Incubators are essential for a range of culture-based microbial methods, such as membrane filtration followed by cultivation for assessing drinking water ...