Name: vegetated treatment systems for removing contaminants associated with surface water toxicity in agriculture and urban runoff
Uploaded: 2017-05-15T12:30:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Vegetated Treatment Systems for Removing Contaminants Associated with Surface Water Toxicity in Agriculture and Urban Runoff at JoVE.com

Finansiering til det her beskrevne arbejde kom fra California Department of Pesticide Regulation og California Department of Water Resources.

1. Urban Bioswale Effektivitetsovervågning <ol><li> Storm vandprøveudtagning <ol><li> Prøve 4 L af forbehandlingens stormvand forlader parkeringspladsen, når den kommer ind i biosvaleindløbet, og derefter 4 l efterbehandling af stormvand, da det forlader bioswale gennem 4 &quot;udløbsrøret. </li><li> Brug lokale vejrudsigter, saml prøver i begyndelsen, midten og slutningen af ​​stormens hydrografi. Sammensatte prøverne for at karakterisere afrundningsvariationer under stormhændelsen. </l...

<ol>
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De fremgangsmåder, der beskrives i denne protokol, er beregnet som endelige trin i en overordnet strategi for fjernelse af forurenende stoffer i landbrugets kunstvanding og stormvand afstrømning. Anvendelse af bioswales og andre urban grønne infrastrukturer LID-praksis er beregnet som et sidste stykke af puslespillet for at fjerne forurenende stoffer i afstrømning, inden de når tilstødende modtagende farvande. Denne protokol lægger vægt på metoder til overvågning af bybiosvale til bestemmelse af behandlingseff...

Overfladevandstoksicitet er udbredt i Californiens vandområder, og årtier med overvågning har vist, at toksicitet ofte skyldes pesticider og andre forurenende stoffer 1 . De primære kilder til overfladevandkontamination er stormvand og vanding afstrømning fra by- og landbrugskilder. Da vandområder er opført som nedbrydede på grund af forurenende stoffer, og toksiciteten er identificeret fra by- og landbrugskilder, er vandkvalitetsregulatorer partner med statslige og føderale finansieringskilder for at gennemføre praksis for at reducere forureningsbelastning. Grøn infrastruktur fremmes i byområder i Californien for at reducere oversvømmelser og øge genopretningen af ​​stormvand gennem infiltration og opbevaring. Mens lavimpaktudvikling (LID) -design er mandat til nybyggeri i mange regioner, har få undersøgelser overvåget virkningen af ​​disse systemer ud over målinger af konventionelle forurenende stoffer som opløst faststof, metaller og carbonhydridbons. Mere intensiv overvågning har for nylig vurderet reduktioner i kemiske koncentrationer og kemisk belastning, der er ansvarlig for overfladevandstoksicitet, og til direkte at afgøre, om bioswales reducerer toksiciteten af ​​afstrømningen. Dette har vist, at bioswales er effektive til at fjerne toksicitet forbundet med nogle forurenende klasser 2 , men yderligere forskning er nødvendig for nye kemikalier af interesse. Vegetationsbehandlingssystemer implementeres også i landbruget vandområder i Californien, og disse har vist sig at være effektive til at reducere pesticider og andre forurenende stoffer i afvandingen af ​​landbruget 3 , 4 . Disse systemer repræsenterer komponenter i en række tilgange til at reducere forureningsbelastning til overfladevand. Fordi de er beregnet til at begrænse forureninger, der er ansvarlige for overfladevandstoksicitet, overvåger en nøglekomponent i implementeringsprocessen til eNsure deres langsigtede effektivitet. Overvågning omfatter både kemiske analyser af berørte kemikalier samt toksicitetstest med følsomme indikatorarter. Denne artikel beskriver protokoller og overvågningsresultater for en byparkering bioswale og et landbrugsplanlagt afløbssystem. Designegenskaberne for en typisk parkeringsplads bioswale, som kan bruges til at behandle stormafstrømning i et typisk parkeringsanlæg for by-shopping, afhænger af det område, der behandles. I det her beskrevne eksempel skaber 53.286 kvadratfod asfalt et uigennemtrængeligt overfladeareal, der dræner til en svale, der består af 4 683 kvadratmeter landskabspleje. For at imødekomme afstrømning fra dette overflade omfatter en 215 meter lang fladbundet, halv-V-formekanal svalen med en sideskråning mindre end 50% og en længdehældning på 1% ( figur 1 ). Denne svale omfatter tre lag, herunder indfødt flok græs plantet i 6 tommer af overjord, layeRød over 2,5 fod komprimeret undergrade. Stormvandet strømmer fra parkeringsområder til flere adgangspunkter langs svalen. Vandet infiltrerer det vegeterede område og gennemsyrer derefter undergraden og afløb i en 4-tommers perforeret dræn. Dette system dræner vand gennem et system plumbed til et tilstødende vådområde, der til sidst dræner ind i en lokal creek.

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="679">
	<tbody>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:216px;">HOBO tipping-bucket digital logger rain gauge&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:177px;">Onset Computer Co., Bourne MA, USA)</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">Onset RG3</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">Rain gauge</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Mechanical geared pulse flow meter&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:177px;">Seametrics Inc., Kent WA</td>
			<td>Seametrics MJ-R</td>
			<td>Flow meter for measuring bioswale outlet flow</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;">Filtrexx SafteySoxx</td>
			<td style="width:177px;">Filtrexx Co. - info@filtrexx.com</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">SafetySoxx</td>
			<td>perforated synthetic cloth for granulated activated carbon and compost</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;">Granulated activated carbon&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:177px;">Evoqua - Siemens Corp., Oakland CA</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">AC380</td>
			<td>GAC for agriculture irrigation water treatment</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;">Digital flow meters&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:177px;">Seametrics Inc. Kent WA</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">Ag2000; WMP101</td>
			<td>Flow meters for agriculture irrigation treatment system monitoring</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Data Loggers</td>
			<td>Campbell Scientific Inc., Logan, UT</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">CR1000</td>
			<td>Data loggers for recording flow data</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;">Peristaltic pumps for composite sampling</td>
			<td style="width:177px;">Omega Engineering Inc. Stamford CT</td>
			<td>Omegaflex FPU-122-12VDC&#160;</td>
			<td>Pumps for composite sampling</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

vegetated treatment systems for removing contaminants associated with surface water toxicity in agriculture and urban runoff

Urban stormvand og landbrugsvandingsafstrømning indeholder en kompleks blanding af forurenende stoffer, som ofte er toksiske for tilstødende modtagende farvande. Afledning kan behandles med enkle systemer designet til at fremme sorption af forurenende stoffer til vegetation og jord og fremme infiltration. To eksempelsystemer er beskrevet: et bioswale behandlingssystem til bystrømbehandling og et vegeteret dræningsgrøft til behandling af afvandingsafvanding af landbruget. Begge har lignende egenskaber, der reducerer forureningsbelastningen i afstrømning: vegetation, der resulterer i sorption af forureningerne til jord- og plantefladerne og vandinfiltrering. Disse systemer kan også omfatte integrationen af ​​granuleret aktivt kul som et poleringstrin for at fjerne resterende forurenende stoffer. Gennemførelsen af ​​disse systemer inden for landbruget og byområderne kræver systemovervågning for at kontrollere behandlingseffektiviteten. Dette omfatter kemisk overvågning af specifikke forurenende stoffer, der er ansvarlige for toksicitet.Det nuværende papir lægger vægt på overvågning af nuværende pesticider, da disse er ansvarlige for overfladevandstoksicitet for vandlevende hvirvelløse dyr.

Urban Bioswale Effektivitet I løbet af 18,5 h af stormen blev der registreret 1,52 &quot;regn af regnmåleren, og dette resulterede i 50.490 gallons vand, der strømmer fra parkeringspladserne ind i bioswale. Af dette samlede volumen blev der registreret 5.248 gallon af udløbsmåleren , Hvilket resulterede i en total infiltration af 90% af stormvandet, der flød ind i bioswalen. Bioswalen reducerede alle de overvågede kemikali...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Vegetated Treatment Systems for Removing Contaminants Associated with Surface Water Toxicity in Agriculture and Urban Runoff at JoVE.com

Vegetated Treatment Systems for Removing Contaminants Associated with Surface Water Toxicity in Agriculture and Urban Runoff

Denne artikel opsummerer designattributterne og effektiviteten af ​​behandlingssystemer, der behandler urban stormvands- og landbrugsvandingsafstrømning for at fjerne pesticider og andre forurenende stoffer forbundet med akvatisk toksicitet.

Vegetationsbehandlingssystemer til fjernelse af forurenende stoffer i forbindelse med overfladevandstoksicitet i landbrug og bydrift

Urban stormwater and agriculture irrigation runoff contain a complex mixture of contaminants that are often toxic to adjacent receiving waters. Runoff may ...

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