Name: generalized psychophysiological interaction (ppi) analysis of memory related connectivity in individuals at genetic risk for alzheimer's disease
Uploaded: 2017-11-14T12:30:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Generalized Psychophysiological Interaction PPI Analysis of Memory Related Connectivity in Individuals at Genetic Risk for Alzheimer's Disease at JoVE.com

这项工作得到了国立老龄研究所 (R01AG013308 SYB、F31AG047041 至屯门) 的资助。作者使用了与 Hoffman2 共享集群相关的计算和存储服务, 由加州大学洛杉矶分校数字研究和教育研究技术小组提供。

本研究是遵照加州大学洛杉矶分校机构审查委员会 (IRB) 的协议进行的, 并得到加州大学洛杉矶分校人类保护委员会的批准。所有参加者都给予书面知情同意, 以便在本研究中报名. 
 1. 参与者选择 <ol> <li> 获得 IRB 批准以执行该研究。
	<li> 使用标准化的神经心理学电池对55岁及以上的人进行认知衰退的筛选。包括一般智力测试 (子的 WAIS III) 13 , 流利 (水果和?...

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早期的任务型 fMRI 研究旨在揭示特定认知过程或需求之间的统计关系, 以及与基线测量相关的大胆信号的变化。这种传统的方法是有用的, 以确定大脑中的特定区域的活动是由实验任务调制。相比之下, PPI 分析主要关注的是功能连接的调制, 或活动的同步性, 这是由任务引起的认知过程造成的。PPI 度量在定义的感兴趣区域 (种子) 和其他大脑区域之间的上下文相关的功能连接, 而不仅仅是活动在局部?...

"连接" 这个词是在2005年被创造出来的, 它标志着神经科学的范式转变, 并延续到今天的1。在功能网络、连通性和区域间的相互作用方面, 大脑的描述越来越广泛。然而, 区域功能专门化的划分和 fMRI 测量的活动与任务需求之间的联系仍然是有效的和有用的方法。鉴于对 connectomics 的兴趣越来越浓厚, 功能性的 fMRI 分析方法越来越受欢迎。一种测量依赖于任务需求的功能连通性变化的方法是利用 PPI 的概念。PPI 是一个活跃的任务阶段或特定的任务需求 ("心理") 与一个感兴趣的区域或 "种子" 在大脑中的功能连接 ("生理") 的相互作用。PPI 不同于双变量、关联的功能连通性分析, 一般衡量两个区域的活动之间的相关性, 而不受任务需求的约束。
PPI 分析的概念和框架最初是由 Friston 和同事在 1997年2中描述的。作者断言, 他们的方法是重要的, 因为它将允许对连通性的调查更具体功能, 并允许推断, 在远端种子的活动可能是调节活动的结果, 由任务的需求。在 2012年, 迈凯轮和同事增加了这个原始框架, 并描述了一种 gPPI 的方法, 其中所有的任务阶段及其交互都包含在一个模型3中。此方法导致对任务阶段和交互进行调查的结果更加敏感和具体。这是我们在本研究中使用的更新的 gPPI 方法 (请参见协议中的步骤 6.2.2)。gPPI 方法现已在200多项研究中引用。为了清楚起见, 我们以后使用 PPI 来描述标准和通用版本的共同特征。"gPPI" 将用于讨论与新框架相关的特定进展。
PPI 分析的总体目标是了解认知任务的需求是如何影响或调节种子区域的功能连通性的。PPI 分析需要一个强的先验假设。种子区域中的活动必须由任务调整, 以使 PPI 方法有效地工作4。例如, 在本研究中, 我们基于我们的种子选择的有力证据表明, 海马活动是由记忆任务的认知需求调制的。使用 PPI, 可以确定在特定任务阶段, 在功能上与海马体有显著或多或少的连接的区域。简而言之, 我们提出的问题是: 与基线相比, 在上下文 A 中, 哪个区域的活动与种子更相关？我们还可以要求逻辑上的相反 (因为理解差异是很重要的): "与基线相比, 在哪些区域中活动与种子的相关性更小？在解释 PPI 效应中的群体差异时, 重要的是要检查数据, 以及在功能连通性方面的正负变化, 或者两者都是驱动群体差异。
PPI 方法已被用于研究健康控制中的动态任务控制中枢, 如何调节功能连通性与阿尔茨海默氏病 (AD) 的认知表现、自闭症患者的智力、运动网络连通性有关在个人与帕金森病, 面部处理在个体与身体畸形紊乱并且厌食, 情感章程, 记忆和许多其他具体问题与连接性相关5,6,7 ,8,9,10,11。在本研究中, 我们比较了海马区各次区域在记忆编码和检索过程中的功能连通性的变化, 这两组个体在没有风险因子12的情况下, 对一组 AD 的遗传风险增加。下面介绍了我们使用 gPPI 方法的协议, 它允许我们测试任务引起的功能连接的变化是否与 AD 的遗传风险因素 APOEε4存在差异。

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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:307px;">3T manetic resonance imaging scanner</td>
			<td style="width:280px;">Siemens Medical Solutions</td>
			<td style="width:237px;">MAGNETOM Trio, A Tim System</td>
			<td style="width:267px;">3T MRI Scanner</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:307px;">FSL (FMRIB Software Library)</td>
			<td style="width:280px;">Oxford University</td>
			<td style="width:237px;">Version 6.0</td>
			<td>Functional Imaging Processing Software</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:307px;">AFNI (Analysis of Functional Neuroimaging)</td>
			<td style="width:280px;">National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health</td>
			<td style="width:237px;">Any version after May 2015</td>
			<td>Functional Imaging Processing Software</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:307px;">SPM8 (Statistical Parametric Mapping)</td>
			<td style="width:280px;">University College of London</td>
			<td style="width:237px;">SPM8</td>
			<td>Functional Imaging Processing Software</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:307px;">Matlab Software</td>
			<td style="width:280px;">The Mathworks, Inc</td>
			<td style="width:237px;">Version R2012a</td>
			<td>Computing Software</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:307px;">SDS Software</td>
			<td style="width:280px;">Applied Biosystems, Inc</td>
			<td>7900HT Fast Real-Time PCR System</td>
			<td>Real Time PCR</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:307px;">Taqman Assays</td>
			<td style="width:280px;">ThermoFisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:237px;">Specific to SNP</td>
			<td>SNP Genotyping</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

generalized psychophysiological interaction (ppi) analysis of memory related connectivity in individuals at genetic risk for alzheimer's disease

在神经影像学中, 功能性磁共振成像 (fMRI) 测量大脑中的血氧水平依赖性 (黑体) 信号。在大脑的空间独立区域中, 黑体信号的相关度定义了这些区域的功能连通性。在认知功能磁共振成像任务中, 可以使用心理交互 (PPI) 分析来检查在认知任务定义的特定上下文中, 函数连通性的变化。此类任务的一个示例是使用内存系统, 要求参与者学习对不相关的单词 (编码), 并在第一个单词 (检索) 时撤回对的第二个单词。在本研究中, 我们使用了这种类型的联想记忆任务和广义 PPI (gPPI) 分析来比较老年人的海马连接性的变化, 谁是阿尔茨海默病 (AD) 遗传危险因素载脂蛋白 E epsilon-4 (APOEε4)。具体来说, 我们表明, 在编码和检索过程中, 海马区的功能连通性会发生变化, 这是联想记忆任务的两个活动阶段。与比较相比, APOEε4携带者海马体功能连通性的上下文相关变化明显不同。PPI 分析可以检查功能连通性的变化, 不同于单变量的主要效果, 并且可以跨组比较这些变化。因此, PPI 分析可能揭示了传统单变量方法不捕获的特定群体中复杂的任务效果。然而, PPI 分析不能确定功能连通区域之间的方向性或因果关系。然而, PPI 分析提供了强大的手段, 产生特定的假设有关的功能关系, 可以测试使用因果模型。随着大脑在连通性和网络方面越来越被描述, PPI 是分析 fMRI 任务数据的重要方法, 它与人脑的当前概念是一致的。

有两个不同的主动任务阶段 (编码和检索) 和两个种子区域 (前和后海马) 有四条件来报告每个组的结果。组内任务激活映射 (此处未显示, 请参见哈里森et al., 201612) 显示枕叶、听觉皮层、顶叶大区、额叶区、颞上回和尾状突起 (更明显在检索过程中) 在两个实验组的编码和检索过程中有显著的加粗信号。在组内 PPI 分析显示, 没有明显增加的功能连接?...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Generalized Psychophysiological Interaction PPI Analysis of Memory Related Connectivity in Individuals at Genetic Risk for Alzheimer's Disease at JoVE.com

Generalized Psychophysiological Interaction PPI Analysis of Memory Related Connectivity in Individuals at Genetic Risk for Alzheimer's Disease

这篇手稿描述了如何实现心理的交互分析, 揭示了任务相关的变化, 在功能连通性之间的选择种子区和体在其他区域的大脑。心理交互分析是一种常用的方法来检查任务对大脑连通性的影响, 有别于传统的单变量激活效应。

广义心理相互作用 (PPI) 分析阿尔茨海默病遗传危险个体的记忆相关连通性

In neuroimaging, functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) measures the blood-oxygenation-level dependent (BOLD) signal in the brain. The degree of ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Neuroscience

Generalized Psychophysiological Interaction (PPI) Analysis of Memory Related Connectivity in Individuals at Genetic Risk for Alzheimer's Disease

Preparation of Oligomeric &beta;-amyloid1-42 and Induction of Synaptic Plasticity Impairment on Hippocampal Slices

Preparation of Oligomeric ÃƒÅ½Ã‚Â²-amyloid1-42 and Induction of Synaptic Plasticity Impairment on Hippocampal Slices

低聚β-淀粉样蛋白的制备 1-42和突触可塑性损伤诱导海马脑片

Impairment of synaptic connections is likely to underlie the subtle amnesic changes occurring at the early stages of Alzheimer s Disease (AD). ...

科研

神经科学

Selection of Aptamers for Amyloid &beta;-Protein, the Causative Agent of Alzheimer&#39;s Disease

Selection of Aptamers for Amyloid ÃƒÅ½Ã‚Â²-Protein, the Causative Agent of Alzheimer's Disease

淀粉样β-蛋白，阿尔茨海默氏病的病原体适配的选择

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive, age-dependent, neurodegenerative disorder with an insidious course that renders its presymptomatic diagnosis ...

Detection of Neuritic Plaques in Alzheimer's Disease Mouse Model

在阿尔茨海默氏症小鼠模型神经炎斑检测

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disorder leading to dementia. Neuritic plaque formation is one of the pathological hallmarks ...

Morris Water Maze Test for Learning and Memory Deficits in Alzheimer&#39;s Disease Model Mice

Morris Water Maze Test for Learning and Memory Deficits in Alzheimer's Disease Model Mice

在阿尔茨海默氏病模型小鼠学习和记忆障碍的Morris水迷宫测试

The Morris Water Maze (MWM) was first established by neuroscientist Richard G. Morris in 1981 in order to test hippocampal-dependent learning, including ...

Morphological Analysis of Drosophila Larval Peripheral Sensory Neuron Dendrites and Axons Using Genetic Mosaics

Morphological Analysis of Drosophila Larval Peripheral Sensory Neuron Dendrites and Axons Using Genetic Mosaics

形态分析果蝇幼虫外周感觉神经元树突和轴突使用遗传马赛克

Nervous system development requires the correct specification of neuron position and identity, followed by accurate neuron class-specific dendritic ...

T-maze Forced Alternation and Left-right Discrimination Tasks for Assessing Working and Reference Memory in Mice

T-迷宫强迫交替和评估工作，并参考在小鼠记忆的左，右的歧视任务

Forced alternation and left-right discrimination tasks using the T-maze have been widely used to assess working and reference memory, respectively, in ...

Optical Recording of Suprathreshold Neural Activity with Single-cell and Single-spike Resolution

阈上的神经活动的单细胞和单穗的分辨率的光学的方法记录

Signaling of information in the vertebrate central nervous system is often carried by populations of neurons rather than individual neurons. Also ...

Tactile Conditioning And Movement Analysis Of Antennal Sampling Strategies In Honey Bees (Apis mellifera L.)

Tactile Conditioning And Movement Analysis Of Antennal Sampling Strategies In Honey Bees Apis mellifera L.

触觉空调和取样策略在蜜蜂触角的运动分析（<em&gt;蜜蜂</em&gt; L.）

Honey bees (Apis mellifera L.) are eusocial insects and well known for their complex division of labor and associative learning capability1, 2. The worker ...

Whole Mount Immunolabeling of Olfactory Receptor Neurons in the Drosophila Antenna

Whole Mount Immunolabeling of Olfactory Receptor Neurons in the Drosophila Antenna

嗅觉受体神经元在全山免疫标记<em&gt;果蝇</em&gt;天线

Odorant molecules bind to their target receptors in a precise and coordinated manner. Each receptor recognizes a specific signal and relays this ...

Stereotaxic Infusion of Oligomeric Amyloid-beta into the Mouse Hippocampus

低聚淀粉样蛋白-β的立体灌注到小鼠海马

Alzheimer&#8217;s disease is a neurodegenerative disease affecting the aging population. A key neuropathological feature of the disease is the ...