Name: using microfluidic devices to measure lifespan and cellular phenotypes in single budding yeast cells
Uploaded: 2017-03-30T15:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Using Microfluidic Devices to Measure Lifespan and Cellular Phenotypes in Single Budding Yeast Cells at JoVE.com

This research was supported by NIH Grant AG043080 and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC), No. 11434001. We thank Lucas Waldburger for proofreading the manuscript.

1. Silicon Wafer Mold Fabrication BEMÆRK: fotomaske er designet med AutoCAD og fremstillet af et kommercielt selskab. Dette design indeholder tre lag af forskellige mønstre ( <a href="http://ecsource.jove.com/files/ftp_upload/55412/single_cell_trap.dwg" target="_blank">Supplerende File 1</a> ). Højderne af det første, andet og tredje lag er ca. 4 um, 10 um og 50 um, hhv. Siliciumskiven Formen blev skabt af fotomasken anvendelse blød litografi 9, 10. <...

<ol>
	<li>Mortimer, R. K., Johnston, J. R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Life+span+of+individual+yeast+cells.">Life span of individual yeast cells.</a> Nature. 183 (4677), 1751-1752 (1959).</li><li>Polymenis, M., Kennedy, B. K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Cell+biology:+High-tech+yeast+ageing.">Cell biology: High-tech yeast ageing.</a> Nature. 486 (7401), 37-38 (2012).</li><li>Xie, Z., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Molecular+phenotyping+of+aging+in+single+yeast+cells+using+a+novel+microfluidic+device.">Molecular phenotyping of aging in single yeast cells using a novel microfluidic device.</a> Aging Cell. 11 (4), 599-606 (2012).</li><li>Zhang, Y., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Single+cell+analysis+of+yeast+replicative+aging+using+a+new+generation+of+microfluidic+device.">Single cell analysis of yeast replicative aging using a new generation of microfluidic device.</a> PLoS One. 7 (11), e48275 (2012).</li><li>Chen, K. L., Crane, M. M., Kaeberlein, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Microfluidic+technologies+for+yeast+replicative+lifespan+studies.">Microfluidic technologies for yeast replicative lifespan studies.</a> Mech Ageing Dev. , (2016).</li><li>Lee, S. S., Avalos Vizcarra, ., Huberts, I., H, D., Lee, L. P., Heinemann, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Whole+lifespan+microscopic+observation+of+budding+yeast+aging+through+a+microfluidic+dissection+platform.">Whole lifespan microscopic observation of budding yeast aging through a microfluidic dissection platform.</a> Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 109 (13), 4916-4920 (2012).</li><li>Huberts, D. H., Janssens, G. E., Lee, S. S., Vizcarra, I. A., Heinemann, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Continuous+high-resolution+microscopic+observation+of+replicative+aging+in+budding+yeast.">Continuous high-resolution microscopic observation of replicative aging in budding yeast.</a> J Vis Exp. (78), e50143 (2013).</li><li>Jo, M. C., Liu, W., Gu, L., Dang, W., Qin, L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=High-throughput+analysis+of+yeast+replicative+aging+using+a+microfluidic+system.">High-throughput analysis of yeast replicative aging using a microfluidic system.</a> Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 112 (30), 9364-9369 (2015).</li><li>Mata, A., Fleischman, A. J., Roy, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Fabrication+of+multi-layer+SU-8+microstructures.">Fabrication of multi-layer SU-8 microstructures.</a> Journal of Micromechanics and Microengineering. 16 (2), 276-284 (2006).</li><li>Xia, Y. N., Whitesides, G. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Soft+lithography.">Soft lithography.</a> Angewandte Chemie-International Edition. 37 (5), 550-575 (1998).</li><li>Schneider, C. A., Rasband, W. S., Eliceiri, K. W. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=NIH+Image+to+ImageJ:+25+years+of+image+analysis.">NIH Image to ImageJ: 25 years of image analysis.</a> Nat Methods. 9 (7), 671-675 (2012).</li><li>Xie, Z., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Early+telomerase+inactivation+accelerates+aging+independently+of+telomere+length.">Early telomerase inactivation accelerates aging independently of telomere length.</a> Cell. 160 (5), 928-939 (2015).</li><li>Boy-Marcotte, E., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+heat+shock+response+in+yeast:+differential+regulations+and+contributions+of+the+Msn2p/Msn4p+and+Hsf1p+regulons.">The heat shock response in yeast: differential regulations and contributions of the Msn2p/Msn4p and Hsf1p regulons.</a> Mol Microbiol. 33 (2), 274-283 (1999).</li><li>Yang, X., Lau, K. Y., Sevim, V., Tang, C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Design+principles+of+the+yeast+G1/S+switch.">Design principles of the yeast G1/S switch.</a> PLoS Biol. 11 (10), e1001673 (2013).</li></ol>

Den PDMS enhed skal være frisk gjort. Ellers vil luftboblerne forårsaget ved at indsætte rør i indretningen være vanskeligt at fjerne. Trin 3.4 er vigtigt at forbedre celle lastning effektivitet ved at koncentrere cellerne. For at forøge throughput af eksperimentet, 4 til 6 moduler på samme PDMS chip forbundet til selvstændigt driver pumperne typisk til at udføre 4 til 6 forskellige eksperimenter (forskellige stammer eller medier sammensætninger) samtidigt. Sammenlignet med den kon...

Spirende gær er en kraftfuld model organisme i aldring forskning. Men en konventionel levetid assay i gær bygger på mikrodissektion, som ikke kun er arbejdskrævende, men også lav gennemløb 1, 2. Hertil kommer, at den traditionelle mikrodissektion fremgangsmåde ikke giver et detaljeret billede af forskellige cellulære og molekylære egenskaber i de enkelte moderceller som de bliver ældre. Udviklingen af mikrofluidenheder har muliggjort en automatiseret procedure til måling af gær levetid samt til at følge molekylære markører og forskellige cellulære fænotyper igennem hele livet af moderceller 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8. Efter gærceller fyldes i en mikrofluidanordning, kan de spores under et mikroskop under anvendelse af automatiske tidspunkter omgangee billeddannelse. Ved hjælp af billeddannelse værktøjer kan forskellige cellulære og molekylære fænotyper ekstraheres 3, 6, 8, herunder levetid, størrelse, fluorescerende reporter, cellemorfologi, cellecyklus dynamik, etc., hvoraf mange er vanskelige eller umulige at opnå ved hjælp af den traditionelle mikrodissektion metode. Mikrofluidenheder har fået fremtrædende plads i gær aldring forskning siden deres succesfulde udvikling for et par år siden 3, 4, 6, 7. Adskillige grupper har efterfølgende offentliggjort på variationer i de tidligere designs 5, og mange gær laboratorier har ansat mikrofluidenheder for deres undersøgelse. I en cellekultur undergår eksponentiel vækst, antallet af alderen moderceller der er tilgængelige for observation er miniscule. Derfor er den generelle udformning princip mikrofluidapparatet for levetidsspecifikationerne målinger er at fastholde modercellerne og fjerne datterceller. En sådanne design gør brug af det faktum, at gær gennemgår asymmetrisk celledeling. Strukturerne i enheden vil fælde større mor-celler og tillader mindre datterceller at blive vasket væk. Den mikro chip er beskrevet i denne artikel bruger en blød polydimethylsiloxan (PDMS) pude (vertikale Pensile søjler) til fælde mor celler (figur 1). Indretninger af lignende udformning har tidligere 3, 4, 6, 7 er rapporteret. Denne protokol anvender en enklere procedure til at fremstille mikrofluidenheder og en enkel celle-loading metode, der er optimeret til time-lapse billeddannelse eksperimenter. En af de vigtigste parametre i mikrofluidanordning er bredden af ​​PDMS puder bruges til at fælde modercellerne. Vores device bruger bredere puder, der kan holde flere mor celler under hver pude, herunder en signifikant fraktion af friske moderceller der kan spores hele deres levetid. Foruden levetidsspecifikationerne målinger denne protokol er nyttig til enkeltcelle time-lapse imaging eksperimenter, når cellerne skal spores i mange generationer, eller når en observation i hele levetid er nødvendig.

<table border="1" fo:keep-together.within-page="1" fo:keep-with-next.within-page="always">
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>3&#39;&#39; &#60;111&#62; silicon wafer</td>
			<td>Addison Engineering</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>SU-8 2000 and 3000 Series</td>
			<td>MicroChem</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>SYLGARD&#174; 184 SILICONE ELASTOMER KIT</td>
			<td>ellsworth</td>
			<td>2065622</td>
			<td>Include Sylgard&#174; silicone elastomer base and curing agent</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Petri dishes</td>
			<td>VWR</td>
			<td>391-1502</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Harris Uni-core&#8482; punch(I.D. 0.75 mm)</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>29002513</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>24 mm x 40 mm SLIP-RITE&#174; cover glass</td>
			<td>Thermo Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>102440</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>3M&#160; Scotch Tape</td>
			<td>ULINE</td>
			<td>S-10223</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>VWR&#174; Razor Blades</td>
			<td>VWR</td>
			<td>55411-050</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>PURE ETHANOL, KOPTEC</td>
			<td>VWR</td>
			<td>64-17-5</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>WHOOSH-DUSTER&#8482;</td>
			<td>VWR</td>
			<td>16650-027</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>5mL BD Syringe (Luer-Lock&#8482;Tip)</td>
			<td>Becton, Dickinson and Company.</td>
			<td>309646</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>PTFE Standard Wall Tubing (100ft, AWG Size:22, Nominal ID: 0.028)</td>
			<td>COMPONENT SUPPLY COMPANY</td>
			<td>SWTT-22</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Needle Assortment</td>
			<td>COMPONENT SUPPLY COMPANY</td>
			<td>NEKIT-1</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Desiccator</td>
			<td>HACH</td>
			<td>2238300</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Lab Oven</td>
			<td>FISHER SCIENTIFIC</td>
			<td>13246516GAQ</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Nikon TE2000 microscope with 40x and 60x objective</td>
			<td>Nikon</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Zeiss Axio Observer Z1 with 40x and 60x objective</td>
			<td>Zeiss</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Syringe Pump</td>
			<td>Longerpump</td>
			<td>TS-1B</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

using microfluidic devices to measure lifespan and cellular phenotypes in single budding yeast cells

Budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae is an important model organism in aging research. Genetic studies have revealed many genes with conserved effects on the lifespan across species. However, the molecular causes of aging and death remain elusive. To gain a systematic understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying yeast aging, we need high-throughput methods to measure lifespan and to quantify various cellular and molecular phenotypes in single cells. Previously, we developed microfluidic devices to track budding yeast mother cells throughout their lifespan while flushing away newborn daughter cells. This article presents a method for preparing microfluidic chips and for setting up microfluidic experiments. Multiple channels can be used to simultaneously track cells under different conditions or from different yeast strains. A typical setup can track hundreds of cells per channel and allow for high-resolution microscope imaging throughout the lifespan of the cells. Our method also allows detailed characterization of the lifespan, molecular markers, cell morphology, and the cell cycle dynamics of single cells. In addition, our microfluidic device is able to trap a significant amount of fresh mother cells that can be identified by downstream image analysis, making it possible to measure the lifespan with higher accuracy.

Efter forsøgene kan livslængde af cellerne og mange cellulære og molekylære fænotyper ekstraheres fra optagede tidsforskudte billeder. Da der er en række forskellige funktioner, der kan ekstraheres fra hver celle, det første trin i analysen er at anmærke cellerne og arrangementer, herunder positioner og grænserne for cellerne og timingen af ​​forskellige begivenheder, der spores, sådan som de spirende begivenheder. Disse anmærkninger vil gøre det lettere at vende tilbage ...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Using Microfluidic Devices to Measure Lifespan and Cellular Phenotypes in Single Budding Yeast Cells at JoVE.com

Using Microfluidic Devices to Measure Lifespan and Cellular Phenotypes in Single Budding Yeast Cells

Denne artikel præsenterer en protokol optimeret til produktion af mikrofluide chips og opsætningen af ​​mikrofluide eksperimenter til måling af levetid og cellulære fænotyper af enkelte gærceller.

Brug mikrofluidenheder til måling Levetid og cellefænotyper i Single Spirende gærceller

Budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae is an important model organism in aging research. Genetic studies have revealed many genes with conserved effects ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Biology

Measuring Replicative Life Span in the Budding Yeast

Aging is a degenerative process characterized by a progressive deterioration of cellular components and organelles resulting in mortality. The budding ...

RNAi Screening to Identify Postembryonic Phenotypes in C. elegans

RNAi Screening to Identify Postembryonic Phenotypes in C. elegans

RNAi screening for at identificere Postembryonic fænotyper i C. elegans</em

C. elegans has proven to be a valuable model system for the discovery and functional characterization of many genes and gene pathways1. More sophisticated ...

Measurement of Lifespan in Drosophila melanogaster

Measurement of Lifespan in Drosophila melanogaster

Måling af Levetid i<em&gt; Drosophila melanogaster</em

Aging is a phenomenon that results in steady physiological deterioration in nearly all organisms in which it has been examined, leading to reduced ...

Acquiring Fluorescence Time-lapse Movies of Budding Yeast and Analyzing Single-cell Dynamics using GRAFTS

Erhvervelse Fluorescens Time-lapse film fra Spirende Gær og analysere encellede Dynamics hjælp poder

Fluorescence time-lapse microscopy has become a powerful tool in the study of many biological processes at the single-cell level. In particular, movies ...

Temporal Quantification of MAPK Induced Expression in Single Yeast Cells

Temporal Kvantificering af MAPK induceret ekspression i Single gærceller

The quantification of gene expression at the  single cell level uncovers novel regulatory mechanisms obscured in measurements  performed at the population ...

Large-scale Gene Knockdown in C. elegans Using dsRNA Feeding Libraries to Generate Robust Loss-of-function Phenotypes

Large-scale Gene Knockdown in C. elegans Using dsRNA Feeding Libraries to Generate Robust Loss-of-function Phenotypes

Storstilet Gene Knockdown i<em&gt; C. elegans</em&gt; Brug dsRNA Fodring Biblioteker at skabe en robust tab af funktion fænotyper

RNA interference by feeding worms bacteria expressing dsRNAs has been a useful tool to assess gene function in C. elegans. While this strategy works well ...

Budding Yeast Protein Extraction and Purification for the Study of Function, Interactions, and Post-translational Modifications

Spirende Gær Protein ekstraktion og oprensning for Studiet af Function, Interactions og post-translationelle modifikationer

Homogenization by bead beating is a fast and efficient way to release DNA, RNA, proteins, and metabolites from budding yeast cells, which are notoriously ...

Applications of pHluorin for Quantitative, Kinetic and High-throughput Analysis of Endocytosis in Budding Yeast

Anvendelser af pHluorin Kvantitative, Kinetic og High-throughput Analyse af Endocytose i Spirende gær

Green fluorescent protein (GFP) and its variants are widely used tools for studying protein localization and dynamics of events such as cytoskeletal ...

Spatiotemporal Analysis of Cytokinetic Events in Fission Yeast

Spatiotemporal Analyse af Cytokinetic Begivenheder i Fission Gær

Cytokinesis, the final step in cell division is critical for maintaining genome integrity. Proper cytokinesis is important for cell differentiation and ...

High-resolution Imaging and Analysis of Individual Astral Microtubule Dynamics in Budding Yeast

Høj opløsning Imaging og analyse af de enkelte Astral mikrotubulusdynamik i Spirende Gær

Dynamic microtubules are fundamental to many cellular processes, and accurate measurements of microtubule dynamics can provide insight into how cells ...