Name: production of metal nanoparticles by pulsed laser-ablation in liquids: a tool for studying the antibacterial properties of nanoparticles
Uploaded: 2017-06-02T13:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Production of Metal Nanoparticles by Pulsed Laser-ablation in Liquids: A Tool for Studying the Antibacterial Properties of Nanoparticles at JoVE.com

Questo lavoro è stato sostenuto dalla National Science Foundation (NSF assegna CMMI-0922946 a DB, CMMI-1300920 a DB e S.O&#39;M., CMMI-1531789 a S.O&#39;M., DB e EAK) e un Busch Biomedical Research Grant a EAK e S.O&#39;M.

1. Messa a fuoco del laser Nanosecond e Fluence di misurazione <ol><li> Montare l&#39;apparecchio di ablazione posizionando una barra magnetica di agitazione e una fase di ablazione porosa all&#39;interno di un bicchiere di vetro da 50 ml. NOTA: Lo stadio di ablazione è costituito da una piattaforma in acciaio inossidabile con diametro di 3,81 cm e 1,6 mm con dieci fori di diametro 0,65 cm e sei fori di diametro 0,50 cm forati nel disegno illustrato in figura 1 . ...

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Gli effetti antimicrobici riproduttivi dei NP richiedono la produzione costante di NP con dimensioni e concentrazioni simili. Pertanto, è fondamentale standardizzare i parametri laser, inclusi fluenza, lunghezza d&#39;onda e durata dell&#39;impulso. Mentre la diffusione della luce dinamica è un metodo facile e rapido per la stima della dimensione NP, la quantificazione accurata della distribuzione di dimensioni richiede la misura diretta da parte di TEM. Poiché ogni fascio laser ha caratteristiche distinte in termini...

Le nanoparticelle (NP) sono generalmente definite come particelle che hanno almeno una dimensione inferiore a 100 nm. Metodi tradizionali di sintesi chimici NP richiedono tipicamente gli agenti riducenti pericolosi, come borohidridi e idrazine. Al contrario, l&#39;ablazione laser degli obiettivi metallici solidi immersi in un mezzo liquido (ablazione laser pulsata in liquidi - PLAL) fornisce un percorso ecologico per la sintesi di NP che soddisfa tutti i 12 principi della chimica verde 1 , 2 . Nel PLAL, un bersaglio metallico sommerso viene irradiato da impulsi laser ripetuti. Mentre il laser ablaccia il bersaglio, un fitto denso di cluster atomici e vapore viene rilasciato nel mezzo liquido in cui i NP si associano rapidamente. I NP prodotti dalla PLAL sono finemente dispersi in un mezzo acquoso e la dimensione, la polidispersione e la composizione dei NP possono essere facilmente controllati variando il liquido di ablazione acquosa così come il laser parAmeteri 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 . Le caratteristiche della nanoparticola possono essere sintonizzate regolando un certo numero di parametri laser, tra cui: fluenza, lunghezza d&#39;onda e durata dell&#39;impulso (esaminati nel punto 7 ). La fluenza laser viene calcolata come energia di impulso divisa per l&#39;area del punto laser sulla superficie di destinazione. Gli effetti precisi della fluenza sulla dimensione e sulla polidispersione dei NP sono un po &#39;controversi. In generale, è stato dimostrato che per i sistemi a pulsazione &quot;lunghi&quot; e &quot;ultra-corti&quot; sono presenti regimi di bassa e alta fluidità che producono tendenze negative e positive in termini di dimensione rispettivamente di 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 . Dimensione NP distribuitiPuò essere misurata empiricamente utilizzando tecniche come la dispersione della luce dinamica e la microscopia elettronica di trasmissione (TEM), come descritto di seguito. La scelta della lunghezza d&#39;onda laser può influenzare i meccanismi fisici con cui si formano i NP. A lunghezze d&#39;onda più brevi (ultraviolette), i fotoni ad alta energia sono in grado di rompere i legami interatomici 12 . Questo meccanismo di foto-ablazione è un esempio di una sintesi NP-top-down perché provoca il rilascio di frammenti ultra-piccoli di materiale che tendono a produrre campioni di polidispersio più grandi quando si esauriscono nel liquido di immersione 12 , 13 , 14 . Al contrario, l&#39;ablazione a infrarossi vicino (λ = 1.064 nm) produce un meccanismo di sintesi di livello inferiore, dominato dall&#39;ablazione plasmatica 12 . L&#39;assorbimento del laser dall&#39;obiettivo libera gli elettroni che si scontrano con elettroni legati, e successivamente liberi. Come cLe forbici aumentano, il materiale viene ionizzato, accendendo così un plasma. Il liquido circostante confina il plasma, aumenta la sua stabilità e aumenta ulteriormente l&#39;assorbimento 12 . Poiché il plasma espandente viene frenato dal liquido confinante, i NP sono condensati con varie geometrie 4 , 12 e 15 . La scelta della durata dell&#39;impulso laser può ulteriormente influenzare il processo di formazione di NP. I laser a lunga pulsazione comunemente usati, con durate di impulsi superiori a pochi picosecondi, comprendono tutti i milli, micro, nano e alcuni laser pulsati picosecondi. In questo regime di lunghezza d&#39;impulso la durata dell&#39;impulso laser è più lunga del tempo di equilibrazione elettronico-fonone, tipicamente nell&#39;ordine di alcuni picosecondi 4 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19. Ciò provoca la perdita di energia nel mezzo di ablazione circostante e la formazione di NP attraverso meccanismi termici quali emissione termica, vaporizzazione, ebollizione e fusione 1 , 20 . L&#39;attività antibatterica dei NP è fortemente influenzata dalla dimensione delle particelle 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 . Al fine di migliorare la riduzione della dimensione e la monodispersione, i NP possono essere irradiati una seconda volta utilizzando un laser di una lunghezza d&#39;onda vicino alla risonanza plasmonica superficiale (SPR) del NP. La radiazione laser incidente viene assorbita dal NP attraverso l&#39;eccitazione della SPR. La frammentazione del NP può avvenire tramite l&#39;evaporazione termica 25 , 26 o l&#39;esplosione Coulomb 27 , 28 . La photoexcitation solleva tLa temperatura del NP al di sopra del punto di fusione, con conseguente spargimento dello strato esterno della particella. È stato dimostrato che agenti aggiungenti come polivinilpirrolidone (PVP) o sodio dodecil solfato (SDS) alla soluzione possono aumentare notevolmente gli effetti post-irradianti 5 . L&#39;impatto dell&#39;aggiunta di diversi soluti è stato descritto in diverse relazioni 1 , 4 , 6 . La facilità di manipolazione delle caratteristiche NP da PLAL offre un nuovo metodo per sviluppare nuovi antimicrobici a base di NP.

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="851">
	<tbody>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:269px;">Nanosecond Nd:YAG laser</td>
			<td style="width:184px;">Ekspla</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">NL303</td>
			<td style="width:279px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:269px;">Motorized xy scanning stage</td>
			<td style="width:184px;">Standa</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">8MTF</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:269px;">UV-VIS spectrophotometer</td>
			<td style="width:184px;">Agilent</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">Cary 60</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:269px;">Dynamic light scattering unit</td>
			<td style="width:184px;">Malvern</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">Zetasizer ZS 90</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:269px;">Microbalance</td>
			<td style="width:184px;">Maktek</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">TM 400</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:269px;">Transmission electron microscope</td>
			<td style="width:184px;">Zeiss</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">EM 902</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:269px;">Silver foil target</td>
			<td style="width:184px;">Alfa Aesar</td>
			<td align="right" style="width:119px;">12127</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:269px;">250 mm focal length lens</td>
			<td style="width:184px;">Edmund Optics</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">69-624</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:269px;">Copper TEM grids</td>
			<td style="width:184px;">Pacific Grid-Tech</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">Cu-400LD</td>
			<td>Lacey/thin film coated grid</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:269px;">E. coli MG1655</td>
			<td style="width:184px;">ATCC</td>
			<td align="right" style="width:119px;">47076</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:269px;">Bacto-tryptone</td>
			<td style="width:184px;">BD Biosciences</td>
			<td align="right" style="width:119px;">211705</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:269px;">Yeast extract</td>
			<td style="width:184px;">BD Biosciences</td>
			<td align="right" style="width:119px;">212750</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:269px;">Sodium chloride</td>
			<td style="width:184px;">Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">BP3581</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:269px;">Bacto-agar</td>
			<td style="width:184px;">BD Biosciences</td>
			<td align="right" style="width:119px;">214010</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:269px;">Sodium dodecyl sulfate</td>
			<td style="width:184px;">Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>BP166-100</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:269px;">Polyvinylpyrrolidone</td>
			<td style="width:184px;">Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">BP431-100</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:269px;">Stainless steel disc (for ablation stage)</td>
			<td style="width:184px;">Metal Remnants, Inc.</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">N/A</td>
			<td>1.5 inch diameter, 16 gauge</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:269px;">Beaker</td>
			<td style="width:184px;">Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">02-540G</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:269px;">Magnetic stir bar</td>
			<td style="width:184px;">Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">14-513-57</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:269px;">Magnetic stir plate</td>
			<td style="width:184px;">Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">11-100-49SH</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:269px;">Laser energy and power meter</td>
			<td style="width:184px;">Coherent</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">1098579</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:269px;">Carbon tape</td>
			<td style="width:184px;">Shinto Chemitron Co. Ltd.</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">STR Tape</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:269px;">Sonicating water bath</td>
			<td style="width:184px;">Branson</td>
			<td align="right" style="width:119px;">1510</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:269px;">Air compressor</td>
			<td style="width:184px;">GMC</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">Syclone 3010</td>
			<td>For drying ablation target</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:269px;">75 mm focal length lens</td>
			<td style="width:184px;">Edmund Optics</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">34-096</td>
			<td>Focusing lens for post-irradiation</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:269px;">Quartz cuvette</td>
			<td style="width:184px;">Precision Cells Inc</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">21UV40</td>
			<td>50 mm light path (for post-irradiation)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:269px;">Kanamycin</td>
			<td style="width:184px;">Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>BP906-5</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="105">
			<td height="105" style="height:105px;width:269px;">Light microscope</td>
			<td style="width:184px;">Nikon</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">50i</td>
			<td style="width:279px;">This microscope is used to focus the laser on the ablation stage. This particular model is no longer available, but any light microscope with a 4X objective will work.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:269px;">CCD camera</td>
			<td style="width:184px;">AmScope</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">MT5000-CCD</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:269px;">Micrometer slide</td>
			<td style="width:184px;">Ted Pella</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">2280-70</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

production of metal nanoparticles by pulsed laser-ablation in liquids: a tool for studying the antibacterial properties of nanoparticles

L&#39;emergere di batteri resistenti a multidrug è una preoccupazione clinica globale che porta a speculare il nostro ritorno ad un&#39;epoca di medicina &quot;pre-antibiotica&quot;. Oltre agli sforzi per identificare nuovi farmaci antimicrobici a piccole molecole, è stato molto interessato all&#39;utilizzo di nanoparticelle metalliche come rivestimenti per dispositivi medici, medicazioni per la ferita e imballaggi al consumo, a causa delle loro proprietà antimicrobiche. L&#39;ampia gamma di metodi disponibili per la sintesi di nanoparticelle provoca un ampio spettro di proprietà chimiche e fisiche che possono influenzare l&#39;efficacia antibatterica. Questo manoscritto descrive l&#39;ablazione laser pulsata in liquidi (PLAL) per creare nanoparticelle. Questo approccio consente di ottimizzare la dimensione, la composizione e la stabilità del nanoparticelle utilizzando metodi post-irraggiamento nonché l&#39;aggiunta di tensioattivi o di esclusioni di volume. Controllando la dimensione e la composizione delle particelle, una vasta gamma di proprietà fisiche e chimiche della nanopartono metallicoPossono essere esplorati i quali possono contribuire alla loro efficacia antimicrobica aprendo così nuovi sentieri per lo sviluppo antibatterico.

Utilizzando obiettivi d&#39;argento, i parametri laser sopra descritti e 60 mM SDS nel liquido di ablazione, vengono generati NP NPN con l&#39;assorbanza UV-VIS a SPR ( Figura 2A ). Le misure TEM e DLS mostrano un diametro NP medio di circa 25 nm prima della post-irraggiamento ( Figura 2B ). L&#39;ablazione del bersaglio d&#39;argento per 30 minuti produce in genere una concentrazione NP di 200 μg / mL. Nel valutare la tossicit...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Production of Metal Nanoparticles by Pulsed Laser-ablation in Liquids: A Tool for Studying the Antibacterial Properties of Nanoparticles at JoVE.com

Production of Metal Nanoparticles by Pulsed Laser-ablation in Liquids: A Tool for Studying the Antibacterial Properties of Nanoparticles

Le proprietà antimicrobiche di metalli come il rame e l&#39;argento sono stati riconosciuti per secoli. Questo protocollo descrive l&#39;ablazione laser pulsata in liquidi, un metodo per sintetizzare nanoparticelle metalliche che fornisce la capacità di ottimizzare le proprietà di queste nanoparticelle per ottimizzare i loro effetti antimicrobici.

Produzione di nanoparticelle metalliche mediante ablazione laser pulsata nei liquidi: uno strumento per studiare le proprietà antibatteriche delle nanoparticelle

The emergence of multidrug-resistant bacteria is a global clinical concern leading some to speculate about our return to a "pre-antibiotics" era of ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Bioengineering

Fluorescent Nanoparticles for the Measurement of Ion Concentration in Biological Systems

Le nanoparticelle fluorescenti per la misurazione della concentrazione di ioni in sistemi biologici

Tightly regulated ion homeostasis throughout the body is necessary for the prevention of such debilitating states as dehydration.1 In contrast, rapid ion ...

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Bioingegneria

Viral Nanoparticles for In vivo Tumor Imaging

Viral Nanoparticles for In vivo Tumor Imaging

Nanoparticelle virali per<em&gt; In vivo</em&gt; Imaging Tumore

The use of nanomaterials has the potential to revolutionize materials science and medicine. Currently, a number of different nanoparticles are being ...

Harmonic Nanoparticles for Regenerative Research

Harmonic Nanoparticelle for Regenerative ricerca

In this visualized experiment, protocol details are provided for in vitro labeling of human embryonic stem cells (hESC) with second harmonic generation ...

Biofunctionalized Prussian Blue Nanoparticles for Multimodal Molecular Imaging Applications

Biofunctionalized Prussian Blue Nanoparticelle per applicazioni di imaging multimodale molecolari

Multimodal, molecular imaging allows the visualization of biological processes at cellular, subcellular, and molecular-level resolutions using multiple, ...

In Situ Mapping of the Mechanical Properties of Biofilms by Particle-tracking Microrheology

In Situ Mapping of the Mechanical Properties of Biofilms by Particle-tracking Microrheology

In Situ mappatura delle proprietà meccaniche del biofilm da-Particle tracciamento Microrheology

Bacterial cells are able to form surface-attached biofilm communities known as biofilms by encasing themselves in extracellular polymeric substances ...

Solid Lipid Nanoparticles (SLNs) for Intracellular Targeting Applications

Solid Lipid Nanoparticles SLNs for Intracellular Targeting Applications

Solid Lipid nanoparticelle (linfonodi sentinella) Applicazioni per intracellulare targeting

Nanoparticle-based delivery vehicles have shown great promise for intracellular targeting applications, providing a mechanism to specifically alter ...

Identification of Metal Oxide Nanoparticles in Histological Samples by Enhanced Darkfield Microscopy and Hyperspectral Mapping

Identificazione di ossido di metallo nanoparticelle in campioni istologici da avanzato Mapping Darkfield Microscopy e iperspettrale

Nanomaterials are increasingly prevalent throughout industry, manufacturing, and biomedical research. The need for tools and techniques that aid in the ...

Encapsulating Cytochrome c in Silica Aerogel Nanoarchitectures without Metal Nanoparticles while Retaining Gas-phase Bioactivity

Encapsulating Cytochrome c in Silica Aerogel Nanoarchitectures without Metal Nanoparticles while Retaining Gas-phase Bioactivity

incapsulante citocromo<em&gt; c</em&gt; In Silica Aerogel nanoarchitetture senza metallo nanoparticelle, pur mantenendo bioattività gas-phase

Applications such as sensors, batteries, and fuel cells have been improved through the use of highly porous aerogels when functional compounds are ...

Synthesis of Multi-walled Carbon Nanotubes Modified with Silver Nanoparticles and Evaluation of Their Antibacterial Activities and Cytotoxic Properties

Sintesi di nanotubi di carbonio Multi-parete modificati con nanoparticelle di argento e valutazione dell'attività antibatterica e proprietà citotossiche

In this study, multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were treated with an aqueous sulfuric acid solution to form an oxygen-based functional group. Silver ...

Catalytic Scavenging of Plant Reactive Oxygen Species In Vivo by Anionic Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles

Catalytic Scavenging of Plant Reactive Oxygen Species In Vivo by Anionic Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles

Lo Scavenging catalitica di pianta reattive dell'ossigeno specie In Vivo di nanoparticelle di ossido di cerio anionici

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation is a hallmark of plant abiotic stress response. ROS play&#160;a dual role in plants by acting as signaling ...