Name: synthesis of hydrogels with antifouling properties as membranes for water purification
Uploaded: 2017-04-07T14:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Synthesis of Hydrogels with Antifouling Properties As Membranes for Water Purification at JoVE.com

We gratefully acknowledge the financial support of this work by the Korean Carbon Capture and Sequestration R&amp;D Center (KCRC).

1. Herstellung der Präpolymerlösungen <ol><li> Zubereitung unter Verwendung von Wasser als Lösungsmittel <ol><li> Hinzufügen 10,00 g entionisiertes (DI) Wasser in eine Glasflasche mit einem magnetischen Rührstab. </li><li> Messen 2,00 g SBMA und überträgt es auf die Glasflasche, das Wasser enthält. Man rührt die Lösung 30 min, bis die SBMA vollständig gelöst ist. </li><li> In einer separaten Flasche, fügt 20,00 g PEGDA (M n = 700 g / mol). </li><li> Fügen 20,0...

<ol>
	<li>Qasim, M., Darwish, N. A., Sarp, S., Hilal, N. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Water+desalination+by+forward+(direct)+osmosis+phenomenon:+A+comprehensive+review.">Water desalination by forward (direct) osmosis phenomenon: A comprehensive review.</a> Desalination. , 47-69 (2015).</li><li>Geise, G. M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Water+purification+by+membranes:+The+role+of+polymer+science.">Water purification by membranes: The role of polymer science.</a> J. Polym. Sci. Part B Polym. Phys. 48 (15), 1685-1718 (2010).</li><li>Miller, D. J., Dreyer, D., Bielawski, C., Paul, D. R., Freeman, B. D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Surface+modification+of+water+purification+membranes:+A+review.">Surface modification of water purification membranes: A review.</a> Angew Chem Int Ed Engl. , (2016).</li><li>Zhao, S. Z., Huang, K. P., Lin, H. Q. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Impregnated+Membranes+for+Water+Purification+Using+Forward+Osmosis.">Impregnated Membranes for Water Purification Using Forward Osmosis.</a> Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 54 (49), 12354-12366 (2015).</li><li>Ostuni, E., Chapman, R. G., Holmlin, R. E., Takayama, S., Whitesides, G. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+survey+of+structure-property+relationships+of+surfaces+that+resist+the+adsorption+of+protein.">A survey of structure-property relationships of surfaces that resist the adsorption of protein.</a> Langmuir. 17 (18), 5605-5620 (2001).</li><li>Jiang, S., Cao, Z. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Ultralow-fouling,+functionalizable,+and+hydrolyzable+zwitterionic+materials+and+their+derivatives+for+biological+applications.">Ultralow-fouling, functionalizable, and hydrolyzable zwitterionic materials and their derivatives for biological applications.</a> Adv Mat. 22 (9), 920-932 (2010).</li><li>Shah, S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Transport+properties+of+small+molecules+in+zwitterionic+polymers.">Transport properties of small molecules in zwitterionic polymers.</a> J. Polym. Sci. Part B Polym. Phys. 54 (19), 1924-1934 (2016).</li><li>Shao, Q., Jiang, S. Y. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Molecular+Understanding+and+Design+of+Zwitterionic+Materials.">Molecular Understanding and Design of Zwitterionic Materials.</a> Adv Mat. 27 (1), 15-26 (2015).</li><li>Zhang, Z., Chao, T., Chen, S., Jiang, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Superlow+Fouling+Sulfobetaine+and+Carboxybetaine+Polymers+on+Glass+Slides.">Superlow Fouling Sulfobetaine and Carboxybetaine Polymers on Glass Slides.</a> Langmuir. 22 (24), 10072-10077 (2006).</li><li>Chen, S., Li, L., Zhao, C., Zheng, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Surface+hydration:+principles+and+applications+toward+low-fouling/nonfouling+biomaterials.">Surface hydration: principles and applications toward low-fouling/nonfouling biomaterials.</a> Polymer. 51 (23), 5283-5293 (2010).</li><li>Bengani, P., Kou, Y. M., Asatekin, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Zwitterionic+copolymer+self-assembly+for+fouling+resistant,+high+flux+membranes+with+size-based+small+molecule+selectivity.">Zwitterionic copolymer self-assembly for fouling resistant, high flux membranes with size-based small molecule selectivity.</a> J Membr Sci. 493, 755-765 (2015).</li><li>Chiang, Y. C., Chang, Y., Chuang, C. J., Ruaan, R. C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+facile+zwitterionization+in+the+interfacial+modification+of+low+bio-fouling+nanofiltration+membranes.">A facile zwitterionization in the interfacial modification of low bio-fouling nanofiltration membranes.</a> J Membr Sci. 389, 76-82 (2012).</li><li>Mi, Y. F., Zhao, Q., Ji, Y. L., An, Q. F., Gao, C. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+novel+route+for+surface+zwitterionic+functionalization+of+polyamide+nanofiltration+membranes+with+improved+performance.">A novel route for surface zwitterionic functionalization of polyamide nanofiltration membranes with improved performance.</a> J Membr Sci. 490, 311-320 (2015).</li><li>Shafi, H. Z., Khan, Z., Yang, R., Gleason, K. K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Surface+modification+of+reverse+osmosis+membranes+with+zwitterionic+coating+for+improved+resistance+to+fouling.">Surface modification of reverse osmosis membranes with zwitterionic coating for improved resistance to fouling.</a> Desalination. 362, 93-103 (2015).</li><li>Yang, R., Goktekin, E., Gleason, K. K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Zwitterionic+Antifouling+Coatings+for+the+Purification+of+High-Salinity+Shale+Gas+Produced+Water.">Zwitterionic Antifouling Coatings for the Purification of High-Salinity Shale Gas Produced Water.</a> Langmuir. 31 (43), 11895-11903 (2015).</li><li>Yang, R., Jang, H., Stocker, R., Gleason, K. K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Synergistic+Prevention+of+Biofouling+in+Seawater+Desalination+by+Zwitterionic+Surfaces+and+Low-Level+Chlorination.">Synergistic Prevention of Biofouling in Seawater Desalination by Zwitterionic Surfaces and Low-Level Chlorination.</a> Adv Mat. 26 (11), 1711-1718 (2014).</li><li>Azari, S., Zou, L. D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Using+zwitterionic+amino+acid+L-DOPA+to+modify+the+surface+of+thin+film+composite+polyamide+reverse+osmosis+membranes+to+increase+their+fouling+resistance.">Using zwitterionic amino acid L-DOPA to modify the surface of thin film composite polyamide reverse osmosis membranes to increase their fouling resistance.</a> J Membr Sci. 401, 68-75 (2012).</li><li>Chang, C., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Underwater+Superoleophobic+Surfaces+Prepared+from+Polymer+Zwitterion/Dopamine+Composite+Coatings.">Underwater Superoleophobic Surfaces Prepared from Polymer Zwitterion/Dopamine Composite Coatings.</a> Adv Mater Inter. , (2016).</li><li>Lin, H., Kai, T., Freeman, B. D., Kalakkunnath, S., Kalika, D. S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+Effect+of+Cross-Linking+on+Gas+Permeability+in+Cross-Linked+Poly(Ethylene+Glycol+Diacrylate).">The Effect of Cross-Linking on Gas Permeability in Cross-Linked Poly(Ethylene Glycol Diacrylate).</a> Macromolecules. 38 (20), 8381-8393 (2005).</li><li>Sagle, A. C., Ju, H., Freeman, B. D., Sharma, M. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=PEG-based+hydrogel+membrane+coatings.">PEG-based hydrogel membrane coatings.</a> Polymer. 50 (3), 756-766 (2009).</li><li>Wu, Y. -. H., Park, H. B., Kai, T., Freeman, B. D., Kalika, D. S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Water+uptake,+transport+and+structure+characterization+in+poly(ethylene+glycol)+diacrylate+hydrogels.">Water uptake, transport and structure characterization in poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate hydrogels.</a> J Membr Sci. 347 (1-2), 197-208 (2010).</li><li>Rahimpour, A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Novel+functionalized+carbon+nanotubes+for+improving+the+surface+properties+and+performance+of+polyethersulfone+(PES)+membrane.">Novel functionalized carbon nanotubes for improving the surface properties and performance of polyethersulfone (PES) membrane.</a> Desalination. 286, 99-107 (2012).</li><li>Gulmine, J. V., Janissek, P. R., Heise, H. M., Akcelrud, L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Polyethylene+characterization+by+FTIR.">Polyethylene characterization by FTIR.</a> Polym Testing. 21 (5), 557-563 (2002).</li><li>Ara&#250;jo, J. R., Waldman, W. R., De Paoli, M. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Thermal+properties+of+high+density+polyethylene+composites+with+natural+fibres:+Coupling+agent+effect.">Thermal properties of high density polyethylene composites with natural fibres: Coupling agent effect.</a> Polym. Degrad. Stab. 93 (10), 1770-1775 (2008).</li><li>McCloskey, B. D., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Influence+of+polydopamine+deposition+conditions+on+pure+water+flux+and+foulant+adhesion+resistance+of+reverse+osmosis,+ultrafiltration,+and+microfiltration+membranes.">Influence of polydopamine deposition conditions on pure water flux and foulant adhesion resistance of reverse osmosis, ultrafiltration, and microfiltration membranes.</a> Polymer. 51 (15), 3472-3485 (2010).</li></ol>

Wir haben ein einfaches Verfahren zur Herstellung von freistehenden Filmen nachgewiesen und Membranen auf Basis von imprägnierten zwitterionische Hydrogelen. Das Verschwinden von drei (Meth) acrylat charakteristischen Peaks ( das heißt, 810, 1.190 und 1.410 cm -1) im IR - Spektrum der erhaltenen Polymerfilme und imprägnierte Membran (Abbildung 2) zeigt die gute Umwandlung der Monomere und Vernetzer 4, 19, <sup c...

Es besteht ein großer Bedarf kostengünstig und energieeffiziente Technologien zu entwickeln, sauberes Wasser zu produzieren, um die steigende Nachfrage gerecht zu werden. Polymermembranen sind als führende Technologie zur Reinigung von Wasser aufgrund ihrer inhärenten Vorteile, wie ihre hohe Energieeffizienz, niedrige Kosten und Einfachheit in der Bedienung 1 entstanden. Membranen ermöglichen reines Wasser durchdringen und die Verunreinigungen zurückweisen. Jedoch Membranen werden oft zur Verschmutzung durch Verunreinigungen in dem Speisewasser unterzogen, die auf die Membranoberfläche von ihren günstigen Wechselwirkungen adsorbiert werden können , 2, 3. Das Verschmutzen kann dramatisch Wasserfluß durch die Membranen verringern, die Erhöhung der Membranfläche erforderlich, und die Kosten für die Wasserreinigung. Ein wirksamer Ansatz Fouling zu verringern ist, um die Membranoberfläche zu modifizieren, um die Hydrophilie zu erhöhen und damit die Abnahme des günstigenteractions zwischen der Membranoberfläche und Schmutzstoffen. Ein Verfahren ist die Dünnfilm - Beschichtung mit superhydrophilen Hydrogele 3 zu verwenden. Die Hydrogele haben oft hohe Wasserdurchlässigkeit; Daher kann ein Dünnfilm-Beschichtung, die das langfristigen Wasser Permeanz durch die Membran aufgrund des abgeschwächten Fouling erhöhen, trotz des leicht erhöhten Transportwiderstandes über die gesamte Membran. Die Hydrogele können auch direkt in imprägnierten Membranen in Anwendungen osmotischer 4 zur Reinigung von Wasser hergestellt werden. Zwitterionische Materialien enthalten , sowohl positiv als auch negativ geladene funktionelle Gruppen, mit einer Netto - Ladung neutral, und haben eine starke Oberflächen Hydratisierung durch elektrostatische induzierten Wasserstoffbrücken 5, 6, 7, 8, 9. Die fest gebundenen Feuchtigkeit Schichten wirken als physikalischeund Energiebarrieren, Verhinderung von Schmutzstoffen auf der Oberfläche angebracht wird , was zeigt , eine ausgezeichnete Antifouling - Eigenschaften 10. Zwitterionische Polymere, wie Poly (Sulfobetain - methacrylat) (PSBMA) und Poly (Carboxybetain - methacrylat) (PCBMA), wurde verwendet , um die Membranoberfläche zu modifizieren , indem Beschichtung 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18 zu erhöhen , Oberflächenhydrophilie und somit Antifouling-Eigenschaften. Wir zeigen hier , ein einfaches Verfahren unter Verwendung von Hydrogelen zwitterionische Sulfobetain methacrylat (SBMA) über Photopolymerisation herzustellen, das Poly (ethylenglykol) vernetzt wird unter Verwendung von (PEGDA, M n = 700 g / mol) , um die mechanische Festigkeit zu verbessern. Wir präsentieren auch eineVerfahren robuste Membranen zu konstruieren, indem das Monomer und Vernetzer in einem hochporösen hydrophoben Träger vor dem Imprägnieren Photopolymerisation. Die physikalischen und Wassertransporteigenschaften der freistehenden Filmen und imprägnierten Membranen werden gründlich charakterisiert, die die Struktur / Eigenschaft Beziehung für die Wasserreinigung zu erläutern. Die hergestellten Hydrogele können als Oberflächenbeschichtung verwendet werden Membrantrenneigenschaften zu verbessern. Für osmotische Verfahren wie Vorwärts-Osmose oder druck retardiert Osmose 4 durch Einstellung der Vernetzungsdichte oder durch in hydrophobe poröse Träger imprägniert, können diese Materialien auch dünne Filme mit ausreichender mechanischer Festigkeit bilden.

<table border="1" fo:keep-together.within-page="1" fo:keep-with-next.within-page="always">
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>Poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; Mn = 700 (PEGDA)</td>
			<td>Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td>455008</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>1-Hydroxycyclohexyl phenyl ketone, 99% (HCPK)</td>
			<td>Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td>405612</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>[2-(Methacrloyloxy)ethyl dimethyl-(3-sulfopropyl) ammonium hydroxide, 97%</td>
			<td>Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td>537284</td>
			<td>Acutely Toxic</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Ethanol, 95%</td>
			<td>Koptec, VWR International</td>
			<td>V1101</td>
			<td>Flamable</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Decane, anhydrous, 99%</td>
			<td>Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td>457116</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Solupor Membrane</td>
			<td>Lydall</td>
			<td>7PO7D</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Micrometer&#160;</td>
			<td>Starrett</td>
			<td>2900-6</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>ATR-FTIR</td>
			<td>Vertex 70</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>DSC: TA Q2000</td>
			<td>TA Instruments</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Rame&#8217;-hart Goniometer: Model 190</td>
			<td>Rame&#8217;-hart Instruments</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Ultraviolet Crosslinker: CX-2000</td>
			<td>Ultra-Violet Products</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>UV radiation&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Permeation Cell: Model UHP-43</td>
			<td>Advantec MFS</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Deionized Water: Milli-Q Water</td>
			<td>EMD Millipore</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

synthesis of hydrogels with antifouling properties as membranes for water purification

weithin genutzt, um die Hydrophilie der Oberfläche von Membranen für die Wasserreinigung zu verbessern, die Antifouling-Eigenschaften zu erhöhen und damit das Erreichen stabile Wasserdurchlässigkeit durch Membranen im Laufe der Zeit Hydrogele wurde. Hier berichten wir über ein einfaches Verfahren Hydrogele herzustellen, basierend auf Zwitter für Membrananwendungen. Freistehende Filme können vom Sulfobetain-Methacrylat (SBMA) mit einem Vernetzer aus Poly (ethylenglykol) diacrylat (PEGDA) über Photopolymerisation hergestellt werden. Die Hydrogele können auch durch Tränkung in hydrophobe poröse Träger hergestellt werden, um die mechanische Festigkeit zu verbessern. Diese Filme können durch abgeschwächte Totalreflexion Fourier-Transformations-Infrarotspektroskopie (ATR-FTIR) charakterisiert werden, um den Umsetzungsgrad der (Meth) acrylatgruppen, um zu bestimmen, unter Verwendung von Goniometer für Hydrophilie und Differential-Scanning-Kalorimetrie (DSC) für die Polymerkettendynamik. Wir berichten auch Protokolle, die die Wasserdurchlässigkeit in Sackgassen filtra zu bestimmensysteme und die Wirkung von Schmutzstoffen (Rinderserumalbumin, BSA) auf der Membranleistung.

Freistehende Filme hergestellt mit den Prepolymer - Lösungen in den Schritten 1.1 und 1.2 angegeben werden als S50 und S30, respectively. Ausführlichere Informationen sind in Tabelle 1 dargestellt. Die Prepolymer - Lösung in Schritt 1.2 angegeben wurde ebenfalls verwendet Imprägnierte Membranen herzustellen, die als IMS30 bezeichnet sind. Da der poröse Träger aus hydrophobem Polyethylen hergestellt wird, wird nur d...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Synthesis of Hydrogels with Antifouling Properties As Membranes for Water Purification at JoVE.com

Synthesis of Hydrogels with Antifouling Properties As Membranes for Water Purification

This paper reports practical methods to prepare hydrogels in freestanding films and impregnated membranes and to characterize their physical properties, including water transport properties.

Synthese von Hydrogelen mit Antifouling-Eigenschaften als Membranen für die Wasserreinigung

Hydrogels have been widely utilized to enhance the surface hydrophilicity of membranes for water purification, increasing the antifouling properties and ...

The overall goal of this procedure is to prepare and characterize freestanding films and impregnated membranes based on zwitterionic hydrogels for membrane water purification. This method provide guidance for repairing hydrogel base freestanding film in impregnated membrane and as well as for characterizing their physical and transport properties. The main advantage of this technique is that it's simple, fast, and easy to be scaled up in industrial production.Visual demonstration of this method is critical as the integrated hydrogel preparation and characterization steps are difficult to learn because custom built apparatus is used, and interdisciplinary skills are required. To prepare the freestanding films, first place two spacers of known thickness on a clean quartz disc. The thickness of the spacers controls the thickness of the obtained polymer films.Transfer a small amount of the pre-polymer solution to the quartz disc using a disposable pipette. Place another quartz disc on top of the liquid and ensure that there are no bubbles in the liquid film. Then, place the sample in an ultraviolet or UV crosslinker and irradiate it for five minutes using UV light with a wavelength of 254 nanometers.When the polymer film is removed from the quartz disc, it is critical to work slowly to avoid tearing the film. Separate the polymer film from the quartz discs using a sharp blade. Use tweezers to transfer the film to a deionized water bath.Change the water twice during the first 24 hours to remove the solvent, unreacted monymer and crosslinker, and solve from the film. To prepare dried films for analysis, remove the film from the water bath and allow it to air dry for 24 hours. Place the film in a vacuum oven at 80 degrees Celsius to dry overnight under vacuum.Place a sheet of porous support onto a quartz disc. Using a foam brush, coat each side of the support twice with a prepolymer solution that is based on the water ethanol mixture. Place another quartz disc on top of the support.Then place the sample in a UV crosslinker and irradiate it for five minutes using UV light with a wavelength of 254 nanometers. To remove the impregnated membrane from the quartz discs, immerse the whole assembly in a deionized water bath for five minutes and carefully remove the membrane using a sharp blade and tweezers. Keeping the membrane in deionized water, change the water twice to remove the solvent, the unreacted monymer and crosslinker, and the sol from the membrane.To prepare dried, impregnated membranes for analysis, remove the membrane from the water bath, allow the membrane to dry at ambient conditions for 24 hours. Then, dry the membrane in a vacuum oven overnight at 80 degrees Celsius under vacuum. To measure the contact angles using the pendant drop method, first cut a rectangular strip of the membrane sample.Soak this strip in deionized water for 10 minutes. And then dry it for five minutes. Place the dried sample on the sample holder.Then, submerge the sample holder in a transparent environmental chamber containing the deionized water. In the next step, it is critical to work slowly and dispensing the n-decane drops onto the membranes. Using a microliter syringe with a stainless steel needle, dispense drops of n-decane onto the membrane sample.Leave the setup undisturbed for two minutes to ensure the stabilization of the droplets. Next, use appropriate image analysis software to determine the contact angle of the samples by measuring the angles of the dispensed droplets on the membrane surface. To characterize the water permeability using a dead end filtration system, first cut coupons of freestanding films and impregnated membranes with a hammer driven hole punch of an appropriate diameter.Place a prepared coupon on the porous support inside a dead end filtration cell. Then, place the O ring on top of the sample. Screw the two halves of the permeation cell together.Next, add approximately 50 milliliters of deonized water to the permeation cell. Screw on the cap and place the permeation cell on a magnetic stirrer. Set the stirring rate to between 300 and 900 RPM.Then, place a covered beaker on a balance to collect the permeate water and tear the balance. Open the valve on the gas cylinder. Turn the pressure regulator valve clockwise until the desired pressure is reached.Finally, open the release valve to deliver the pressure to the permeation cell. Monitor and record the weight of the beaker with time. Shown here are photos of the freestanding film, porous support, and impregnated membranes.It is evidence that after the porous support is filled with the hydrogel, it changes from opaque to transparent. The infrared spectra indicate the almost complete conversion of the acryllate groups in the hydrogels. Due to the absence of acryllate characteristic peaks in the spectra.The glass transition temperature of hydrogels is determined by differential scan calorimetry as shown here. Lower contact angles in the freestanding films and impregnated membranes indicate the greater hydrophilicity than the porous support. After watching this video you should have a good understanding of how to repair hydrogel base materials and characterize their properties.This work describes a faster method to fabricate hydrogel based material via photopolymerizations as well as how to characterize them for water purification. The method and material may also be used to repair membrane for gas operations such as CO2 capture. Don't forget that working with chemical and UV radiation can be extremely hazardous and precautions such as personal protective equipment should always be taken while performing this procedure.

Research

JoVE Journal

Bioengineering

Preparation of Light-responsive Membranes by a Combined Surface Grafting and Postmodification Process

Herstellung der lichtreaktions Membranen durch eine Kombinierte Oberflächen-Pfropfen und Postmodification Prozess

In order to modify the surface tension of commercial available track-edged polymer membranes, a procedure of surface-initiated polymerization is ...

Forschung

Biotechnik

Combination of Microstereolithography and Electrospinning to Produce Membranes Equipped with Niches for Corneal Regeneration

Kombination von Mikrostereolithographie und Elektrospinnen auf Membranen Ausgestattet mit Nischen für die Hornhautregeneration Produzieren

Corneal problems affect millions of people worldwide reducing their quality of life significantly. Corneal disease can be caused by illnesses such as ...

Three-Dimensionally Printed Microfluidic Cross-flow System for Ultrafiltration/Nanofiltration Membrane Performance Testing

Dreidimensional gedruckt Mikrofluidik-Cross-Flow-System für Ultrafiltration / Nanofiltrationsmembran Performance Testing

Minimization and management of membrane fouling is a formidable challenge in diverse industrial processes and other practices that utilize membrane ...

Transport Properties of Ibuprofen Encapsulated in Cyclodextrin Nanosponge Hydrogels: A Proton HR-MAS NMR Spectroscopy Study

Transporteigenschaften von Ibuprofen Encapsulated in Cyclodextrin Nanosponge Hydrogele: Ein Proton HR-MAS-NMR-Spektroskopie-Studie

The chemical cross-linking of &#946;-cyclodextrin (&#946;-CD) with ethylenediaminetetraacetic dianhydride (EDTA) led to branched polymers referred to as ...

The Synthesis of RGD-functionalized Hydrogels as a Tool for Therapeutic Applications

Die Synthese von RGD-funktionalisierten Hydrogele als Werkzeug für therapeutische Anwendungen

The use of polymers as biomaterials has provided significant advantages in therapeutic applications. In particular, the possibility to modify and ...

Synthesis of Biocompatible Liquid Crystal Elastomer Foams as Cell Scaffolds for 3D Spatial Cell Cultures

Synthese von biokompatiblen Liquid Crystal Elastomerschäume als Zellgerüste für 3D Spatial Zellkulturen

Here, we present a step-by-step preparation of a 3D, biodegradable, foam-like cell scaffold. These scaffolds were prepared by cross-linking star block ...

Ultrathin Porated Elastic Hydrogels As a Biomimetic Basement Membrane for Dual Cell Culture

Ultradünne derzei-elastischen Hydrogele als eine biomimetische Basalmembran für Dual Zellkultur

The basement membrane is a critical component of cellular bilayers that can vary in stiffness, composition, architecture, and porosity. In vitro studies ...

Synthesis of Multi-walled Carbon Nanotubes Modified with Silver Nanoparticles and Evaluation of Their Antibacterial Activities and Cytotoxic Properties

Synthese von Multi-walled Carbonnanotubes mit Silber-Nanopartikeln und Bewertung ihrer antibakteriellen Aktivitäten und zytotoxische Eigenschaften modifiziert

In this study, multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were treated with an aqueous sulfuric acid solution to form an oxygen-based functional group. Silver ...

Immobilization of Live Caenorhabditis elegans Individuals Using an Ultra-thin Polydimethylsiloxane Microfluidic Chip with Water Retention

Immobilization of Live Caenorhabditis elegans Individuals Using an Ultra-thin Polydimethylsiloxane Microfluidic Chip with Water Retention

Immobilisierung von Live Caenorhabditis Elegans Einzelpersonen, die eine ultraflache Polydimethylsiloxan Mikrofluidik-Chip mit Wassereinlagerungen

Radiation is widely used for biological applications and for ion-beam breeding, and among these methods, microbeam irradiation represents a powerful means ...

Controlled Strain of 3D Hydrogels under Live Microscopy Imaging

Kontrollierte Dehnung von 3D-Hydrogelen unter Live-Mikroskopie-Bildgebung

External forces are an important factor in tissue formation, development, and maintenance. The effects of these forces are often studied using specialized ...