Name: synthesis of hydrogels with antifouling properties as membranes for water purification
Uploaded: 2017-04-07T14:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Synthesis of Hydrogels with Antifouling Properties As Membranes for Water Purification at JoVE.com

We gratefully acknowledge the financial support of this work by the Korean Carbon Capture and Sequestration R&amp;D Center (KCRC).

1. Framställning av prepolymeren Solutions <ol><li> Beredning med användning av vatten som ett lösningsmedel <ol><li> Lägga 10,00 g avjoniserat (DI) vatten till en glasflaska med en magnetisk omrörarstav. </li><li> Mäta 2,00 g SBMA och överföra den till glasflaska som innehåller vattnet. Rör om lösningen under 30 min, tills SBMA är fullständigt upplöst. </li><li> I en separat flaska, tillsätt 20,00 g PEGDA (Mn = 700 g / mol). </li><li> Lägga 20,0 mg av en-hydroxicyklohexylfe...

<ol>
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Vi har visat en enkel metod för att förbereda fristående filmer och impregnerade membran baserade på zwitterjoniska hydrogeler. Försvinnandet av tre (met) akrylatgrupper karakteristiska toppar (dvs., 810, 1190, och 1,410 cm-1) i IR-spektra för de erhållna polymerfilmerna och impregnerat membran (Figur 2) visar god omvandling av monomererna och tvärbindaren 4, 19, 21. Dessutom utseend...

Det finns ett stort behov av att utveckla lågprisbolag och energieffektiv teknik för att producera rent vatten för att möta den ökande efterfrågan. Polymera membran har dykt upp som en ledande teknik för vattenrening på grund av deras inneboende fördelar, såsom deras hög energieffektivitet, låg kostnad och enkelhet i drift en. Membran tillåter rent vatten att tränga igenom och avvisa föroreningar. Emellertid membranen ofta utsätts för nedsmutsning genom föroreningar i matarvattnet, som kan adsorberas på membranytan från deras gynnsamma interaktioner 2, 3. Påväxt kan dramatiskt minska vattenflödet genom membranen, öka membranarean som erfordras och kostnaden för vattenrening. En effektiv metod för att minska nedsmutsning är att modifiera membranytan för att öka hydrofiliciteten och därmed minska den gynnsamma iteractions mellan membranytan och foulants. En metod är att använda tunnfilmsbeläggning med superhydrofil 3 hydrogeler. Hydrogelerna har ofta stor genomsläpplighet för vatten; därför kan en tunnfilmsbeläggning öka den långsiktiga vatten permeans genom membranet på grund av den dämpad nedsmutsning, trots den något ökat motstånd transport över hela membranet. Hydrogelerna kan även direkt tillverkas till impregnerade membran för vattenrening i osmotiska tillämpningar 4. Zwitterjoniska material innehåller både positivt och negativt laddade funktionella grupper, med en neutral nettoladdning, och har stark yta hydratisering genom elektrostatisk-inducerad vätebindning 5, 6, 7, 8, 9. De hårt bundna hydraskikten fungerar som fysiskoch energibarriärer, förhindra foulants från att fästa på ytan, vilket visar utmärkta växthindrande egenskaper 10. Zwitterjoniska polymerer, såsom poly (sulfobetain metakrylat) (PSBMA) och poly (karboxibetain metakrylat) (PCBMA), har använts för att modifiera membranytan genom beläggning 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18 för att öka yta hydrofilicitet och sålunda antinedsmutsningsegenskaper. Vi visar här en enkel metod för att framställa zwitterjoniska hydrogeler med användning av sulfobetain metakrylat (SBMA) via fotopolymerisation, som är tvärbunden med användning av poly (etylenglykol) diakrylat (PEGDA, Mn = 700 g / mol) för att förbättra den mekaniska hållfastheten. Vi presenterar också enförfarande för att konstruera robusta membraner genom impregnering av monomeren och tvärbindningsmedlet i en mycket porös hydrofob bärare före fotopolymerisationen. De fysikaliska och vattentransportegenskaperna hos de fristående filmer och impregnerade membranen noggrant känne att klarlägga strukturen / egenskapen sambandet för vattenrening. De framställda hydrogeler kan användas som en ytbeläggning för att förbättra membranseparationsegenskaperna. Genom justering av tvärbindningsdensiteten eller genom impregnering in i hydrofoba porösa bärare, kan dessa material också bilda tunna filmer med tillräcklig mekanisk hållfasthet för osmotiska processer, såsom framåt osmos eller tryck retarderad osmos 4.

<table border="1" fo:keep-together.within-page="1" fo:keep-with-next.within-page="always">
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>Poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; Mn = 700 (PEGDA)</td>
			<td>Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td>455008</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>1-Hydroxycyclohexyl phenyl ketone, 99% (HCPK)</td>
			<td>Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td>405612</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>[2-(Methacrloyloxy)ethyl dimethyl-(3-sulfopropyl) ammonium hydroxide, 97%</td>
			<td>Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td>537284</td>
			<td>Acutely Toxic</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Ethanol, 95%</td>
			<td>Koptec, VWR International</td>
			<td>V1101</td>
			<td>Flamable</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Decane, anhydrous, 99%</td>
			<td>Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td>457116</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Solupor Membrane</td>
			<td>Lydall</td>
			<td>7PO7D</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Micrometer&#160;</td>
			<td>Starrett</td>
			<td>2900-6</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>ATR-FTIR</td>
			<td>Vertex 70</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>DSC: TA Q2000</td>
			<td>TA Instruments</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Rame&#8217;-hart Goniometer: Model 190</td>
			<td>Rame&#8217;-hart Instruments</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Ultraviolet Crosslinker: CX-2000</td>
			<td>Ultra-Violet Products</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>UV radiation&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Permeation Cell: Model UHP-43</td>
			<td>Advantec MFS</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Deionized Water: Milli-Q Water</td>
			<td>EMD Millipore</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

synthesis of hydrogels with antifouling properties as membranes for water purification

Hydrogeler har använts i stor omfattning för att förbättra ytan hydrofiliciteten hos membran för vattenrening, ökar de rötsäkra egenskaper och därmed uppnå stabil vattenpermeabilitet genom membran med tiden. Här rapporterar vi en enkel metod för att förbereda hydrogeler baserade på zwitterjoner för membrantillämpningar. Fristående filmer kan framställas av sulfobetain metakrylat (SBMA) med ett tvärbindningsmedel av poly (etylenglykol) diakrylat (PEGDA) via fotopolymerisation. Hydrogelerna kan även framställas genom impregnering in hydrofoba porösa bärare för att förbättra den mekaniska hållfastheten. Dessa filmer kan karakteriseras genom dämpad totalreflektion FTIR (ATR-FTIR) för att bestämma graden av omvandling av de (met) akrylatgrupper, med användning goniometrar för hydrofilicitet och differentiell svepkalorimetri (DSC) för polymeren kedja dynamik. Vi rapporterar också protokoll för att bestämma vattenpermeabilitet i återvändsgränd Filtrationssystem och effekten av foulants (bovinserumalbumin, BSA) på membranprestanda.

Fristående filmer framställda med de förpolymerlösningarna anges i stegen 1.1 och 1.2 hänvisas till som S50 och S30, respektive. Detaljerad information visas i tabell 1. Prepolymerlösningen anges i steg 1,2 användes också för att tillverka impregnerade membran, vilka betecknas som IMS30. Eftersom den porösa bäraren är tillverkad av hydrofobt polyeten, kan endast prepolymerlösningen innehållande etanol impre...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Synthesis of Hydrogels with Antifouling Properties As Membranes for Water Purification at JoVE.com

Synthesis of Hydrogels with Antifouling Properties As Membranes for Water Purification

This paper reports practical methods to prepare hydrogels in freestanding films and impregnated membranes and to characterize their physical properties, including water transport properties.

Syntes av Hydrogeler med Antifouling egenskaper som Membran för vattenrening

Hydrogels have been widely utilized to enhance the surface hydrophilicity of membranes for water purification, increasing the antifouling properties and ...

The overall goal of this procedure is to prepare and characterize freestanding films and impregnated membranes based on zwitterionic hydrogels for membrane water purification. This method provide guidance for repairing hydrogel base freestanding film in impregnated membrane and as well as for characterizing their physical and transport properties. The main advantage of this technique is that it's simple, fast, and easy to be scaled up in industrial production.Visual demonstration of this method is critical as the integrated hydrogel preparation and characterization steps are difficult to learn because custom built apparatus is used, and interdisciplinary skills are required. To prepare the freestanding films, first place two spacers of known thickness on a clean quartz disc. The thickness of the spacers controls the thickness of the obtained polymer films.Transfer a small amount of the pre-polymer solution to the quartz disc using a disposable pipette. Place another quartz disc on top of the liquid and ensure that there are no bubbles in the liquid film. Then, place the sample in an ultraviolet or UV crosslinker and irradiate it for five minutes using UV light with a wavelength of 254 nanometers.When the polymer film is removed from the quartz disc, it is critical to work slowly to avoid tearing the film. Separate the polymer film from the quartz discs using a sharp blade. Use tweezers to transfer the film to a deionized water bath.Change the water twice during the first 24 hours to remove the solvent, unreacted monymer and crosslinker, and solve from the film. To prepare dried films for analysis, remove the film from the water bath and allow it to air dry for 24 hours. Place the film in a vacuum oven at 80 degrees Celsius to dry overnight under vacuum.Place a sheet of porous support onto a quartz disc. Using a foam brush, coat each side of the support twice with a prepolymer solution that is based on the water ethanol mixture. Place another quartz disc on top of the support.Then place the sample in a UV crosslinker and irradiate it for five minutes using UV light with a wavelength of 254 nanometers. To remove the impregnated membrane from the quartz discs, immerse the whole assembly in a deionized water bath for five minutes and carefully remove the membrane using a sharp blade and tweezers. Keeping the membrane in deionized water, change the water twice to remove the solvent, the unreacted monymer and crosslinker, and the sol from the membrane.To prepare dried, impregnated membranes for analysis, remove the membrane from the water bath, allow the membrane to dry at ambient conditions for 24 hours. Then, dry the membrane in a vacuum oven overnight at 80 degrees Celsius under vacuum. To measure the contact angles using the pendant drop method, first cut a rectangular strip of the membrane sample.Soak this strip in deionized water for 10 minutes. And then dry it for five minutes. Place the dried sample on the sample holder.Then, submerge the sample holder in a transparent environmental chamber containing the deionized water. In the next step, it is critical to work slowly and dispensing the n-decane drops onto the membranes. Using a microliter syringe with a stainless steel needle, dispense drops of n-decane onto the membrane sample.Leave the setup undisturbed for two minutes to ensure the stabilization of the droplets. Next, use appropriate image analysis software to determine the contact angle of the samples by measuring the angles of the dispensed droplets on the membrane surface. To characterize the water permeability using a dead end filtration system, first cut coupons of freestanding films and impregnated membranes with a hammer driven hole punch of an appropriate diameter.Place a prepared coupon on the porous support inside a dead end filtration cell. Then, place the O ring on top of the sample. Screw the two halves of the permeation cell together.Next, add approximately 50 milliliters of deonized water to the permeation cell. Screw on the cap and place the permeation cell on a magnetic stirrer. Set the stirring rate to between 300 and 900 RPM.Then, place a covered beaker on a balance to collect the permeate water and tear the balance. Open the valve on the gas cylinder. Turn the pressure regulator valve clockwise until the desired pressure is reached.Finally, open the release valve to deliver the pressure to the permeation cell. Monitor and record the weight of the beaker with time. Shown here are photos of the freestanding film, porous support, and impregnated membranes.It is evidence that after the porous support is filled with the hydrogel, it changes from opaque to transparent. The infrared spectra indicate the almost complete conversion of the acryllate groups in the hydrogels. Due to the absence of acryllate characteristic peaks in the spectra.The glass transition temperature of hydrogels is determined by differential scan calorimetry as shown here. Lower contact angles in the freestanding films and impregnated membranes indicate the greater hydrophilicity than the porous support. After watching this video you should have a good understanding of how to repair hydrogel base materials and characterize their properties.This work describes a faster method to fabricate hydrogel based material via photopolymerizations as well as how to characterize them for water purification. The method and material may also be used to repair membrane for gas operations such as CO2 capture. Don't forget that working with chemical and UV radiation can be extremely hazardous and precautions such as personal protective equipment should always be taken while performing this procedure.

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Three-Dimensionally Printed Microfluidic Cross-flow System for Ultrafiltration/Nanofiltration Membrane Performance Testing

Tredimensionellt Tryckt mikroflödes Cross-flödessystem för Ultrafiltrering / nanofiltreringsmembran Performance Test

Minimization and management of membrane fouling is a formidable challenge in diverse industrial processes and other practices that utilize membrane ...

Transport Properties of Ibuprofen Encapsulated in Cyclodextrin Nanosponge Hydrogels: A Proton HR-MAS NMR Spectroscopy Study

Transportegenskaper Ibuprofen inkapslad i cyklodextrin Nanosponge Hydrogeler: en proton HR-MAS NMR-spektroskopi Study

The chemical cross-linking of &#946;-cyclodextrin (&#946;-CD) with ethylenediaminetetraacetic dianhydride (EDTA) led to branched polymers referred to as ...

The Synthesis of RGD-functionalized Hydrogels as a Tool for Therapeutic Applications

Syntes av RGD-funktion Hydrogeler som ett verktyg för terapeutiska tillämpningar

The use of polymers as biomaterials has provided significant advantages in therapeutic applications. In particular, the possibility to modify and ...

Synthesis of Biocompatible Liquid Crystal Elastomer Foams as Cell Scaffolds for 3D Spatial Cell Cultures

Syntes av biokompatibla Liquid Crystal Elastomer Skum som Cell Ställningar för 3D Spatial cellkulturer

Here, we present a step-by-step preparation of a 3D, biodegradable, foam-like cell scaffold. These scaffolds were prepared by cross-linking star block ...

Ultrathin Porated Elastic Hydrogels As a Biomimetic Basement Membrane for Dual Cell Culture

Ultratunna rated elastisk Hydrogels som en biomimetiska basalmembranet för dubbla cellodling

The basement membrane is a critical component of cellular bilayers that can vary in stiffness, composition, architecture, and porosity. In vitro studies ...

Synthesis of Multi-walled Carbon Nanotubes Modified with Silver Nanoparticles and Evaluation of Their Antibacterial Activities and Cytotoxic Properties

Syntesen av Multi-walled kolnanorör modifierad med Silver nanopartiklar och utvärdering av sina antibakteriella aktiviteter och cytotoxiska egenskaper

In this study, multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were treated with an aqueous sulfuric acid solution to form an oxygen-based functional group. Silver ...

Immobilization of Live Caenorhabditis elegans Individuals Using an Ultra-thin Polydimethylsiloxane Microfluidic Chip with Water Retention

Immobilization of Live Caenorhabditis elegans Individuals Using an Ultra-thin Polydimethylsiloxane Microfluidic Chip with Water Retention

Immobilisering av levande Caenorhabditis elegans individer med en supertunna Polydimetylsiloxan mikroflödessystem Chip med vätskeretention

Radiation is widely used for biological applications and for ion-beam breeding, and among these methods, microbeam irradiation represents a powerful means ...

Controlled Strain of 3D Hydrogels under Live Microscopy Imaging

Kontrollerad stam av 3D-hydrogeler under levande mikroskopiavbildning

External forces are an important factor in tissue formation, development, and maintenance. The effects of these forces are often studied using specialized ...