Name: isolation, characterization, and purification of macrophages from tissues affected by obesity-related inflammation
Uploaded: 2017-04-03T14:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Isolation, Characterization, and Purification of Macrophages from Tissues Affected by Obesity-related Inflammation at JoVE.com

Vi vil gerne takke Flow flowcytometri Core facilitet på The Pennsylvania State-Universitet Millennium videnskab Complex.

Alle eksperimentelle protokoller (afsnit 1, 1.2 og 1.3) blev godkendt af institutionelle Animal Care og brug udvalg (IACUC) ved Pennsylvania State University.
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<td>Væv</td>
			<td>Dissociation buffere forberedelse</td>
			<td>Endelige volumen</td>
			<td>Opbevaring</td>
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<tr>
<td>Hvidt fedtvæv (WAT)</td>
			<td>
Dissociation Buffer: 2,5% HEPES, 10 mg/mL bovint serumalbumin (...

<ol>
	<li>Davies, L. C., Taylor, P. R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Tissue-resident+macrophages:+Then+and+Now.">Tissue-resident macrophages: Then and Now.</a> Immunology. 144 (4), 541-548 (2015).</li><li>Kahn, S. E., Hull, R. L., Utzschneider, K. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Mechanisms+linking+obesity+to+insulin+resistance+and+type+2+diabetes.">Mechanisms linking obesity to insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes.</a> Nature. 444 (12), 840-846 (2006).</li><li>Van Gaal, L. F., Mertens, I. L., De Block, C. E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Mechanisms+linking+obesity+with+cardiovascular+disease.">Mechanisms linking obesity with cardiovascular disease.</a> Nature. 444 (12), 875-880 (2006).</li><li>Jung, U., Choi, M. -. S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Obesity+and+Its+Metabolic+Complications:+The+Role+of+Adipokines+and+the+Relationship+between+Obesity,+Inflammation,+Insulin+Resistance,+Dyslipidemia+and+Nonalcoholic+Fatty+Liver+Disease.">Obesity and Its Metabolic Complications: The Role of Adipokines and the Relationship between Obesity, Inflammation, Insulin Resistance, Dyslipidemia and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease.</a> Int J Mol Sci. 15 (4), 6184-6223 (2014).</li><li>Emanuela, F., Grazia, M., Marco, D. R., Maria Paola, L., Giorgio, F., Marco, B. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Inflammation+as+a+link+between+obesity+and+metabolic+syndrome.">Inflammation as a link between obesity and metabolic syndrome.</a> Nutr Metab. 2012, 1-7 (2012).</li><li>Vieira-Potter, V. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Inflammation+and+macrophage+modulation+in+adipose+tissues.">Inflammation and macrophage modulation in adipose tissues.</a> Cell Microbiol. 16 (10), 1484-1492 (2014).</li><li>Chawla, A., Nguyen, K. D., Goh, Y. P. S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Macrophage-mediated+inflammation+in+metabolic+disease.">Macrophage-mediated inflammation in metabolic disease.</a> Nat Rev Immunol. 11 (11), 738-749 (2011).</li><li>Dey, A., Allen, J., Hankey-giblin, P. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Ontogeny+and+polarization+of+macrophages+in+inflammation+:+blood+monocytes+versus+tissue+macrophages.">Ontogeny and polarization of macrophages in inflammation : blood monocytes versus tissue macrophages.</a> Front Immunol. 5 (1), 1-15 (2015).</li><li>Mills, C. D., Lenz, L. L., Ley, K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Macrophages+at+the+fork+in+the+road+to+health+or+disease.">Macrophages at the fork in the road to health or disease.</a> Front Immunol. 6 (2), 1-6 (2015).</li><li>Italiani, P., Boraschi, D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=From+monocytes+to+M1/M2+macrophages:+Phenotypical+vs.+functional+differentiation.">From monocytes to M1/M2 macrophages: Phenotypical vs. functional differentiation.</a> Front Immunol. 5 (8), 1-22 (2014).</li><li>Guilherme, A., Virbasius, J. V., Vishwajeet, P., Czech, M. 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R., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Metabolic+remodeling+of+white+adipose+tissue+in+obesity.">Metabolic remodeling of white adipose tissue in obesity.</a> Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 307 (3), 262-277 (2014).</li><li>Fujisaka, S., Usui, I., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Regulatory+Mechanisms+for+Adipose+Tissue+M1+and+M2+Macrophages+in+Diet+Induced+Obese+Mice.">Regulatory Mechanisms for Adipose Tissue M1 and M2 Macrophages in Diet Induced Obese Mice.</a> Diabetes. 58 (9), 2574-2582 (2009).</li><li>Lumeng, C. N., Bodzin, J. L., Saltiel, A. 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R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Evolution+of+inflammation+in+nonalcoholic+fatty+liver+disease:+The+multiple+parallel+hits+hypothesis.">Evolution of inflammation in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: The multiple parallel hits hypothesis.</a> Hepatology. 52 (5), 1836-1846 (2010).</li><li>Milic, S., Lulic, D., Stimac, D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Non-alcoholic+fatty+liver+disease+and+obesity:+Biochemical,+metabolic+and+clinical+presentations.">Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and obesity: Biochemical, metabolic and clinical presentations.</a> World J Gastroenterol. 20 (28), 9330-9337 (2014).</li><li>Williams, I. L., Wheatcroft, S. B., Shah, A. M., Kearney, M. T. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Obesity,+atherosclerosis+and+the+vascular+endothelium:+mechanisms+of+reduced+nitric+oxide+bioavailability+in+obese+humans.">Obesity, atherosclerosis and the vascular endothelium: mechanisms of reduced nitric oxide bioavailability in obese humans.</a> Int J Obesity. 26 (12), 754-764 (2002).</li><li>Mestas, J., Ley, K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Monocyte-Endothelial+Cell+Interactions+in+the+Development+of+Atherosclerosis.">Monocyte-Endothelial Cell Interactions in the Development of Atherosclerosis.</a> Trends Cardiovasc Med. 18 (6), 228-232 (2008).</li><li>Wynn, T. A., Chawla, A., Pollard, J. W. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Macrophage+biology+in+development,+homeostasis+and+disease.">Macrophage biology in development, homeostasis and disease.</a> Nature. 496 (7446), 445-455 (2013).</li><li>Davies, L. C., Jenkins, S. J., Allen, J. E., Taylor, P. R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Tissue-resident+macrophages.">Tissue-resident macrophages.</a> Nat Rev Immunol. 14 (10), 986-995 (2013).</li><li>Basu, S., Campbell, H. M., Dittel, B. N., Ray, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Purification+of+specific+cell+population+by+fluorescence+activated+cell+sorting+(FACS).">Purification of specific cell population by fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS).</a> J Vis Exp. (41), e1546 (2010).</li><li>Mann, A., Thompson, A., Robbins, N., Blomkalns, A. L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Localization,+Identification,+and+Excision+of+Murine+Adipose+Depots.">Localization, Identification, and Excision of Murine Adipose Depots.</a> J Vis Exp. (94), e52174 (2014).</li><li>Butcher, M. J., Herre, M., Ley, K., Galkina, E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Flow+cytometry+analysis+of+immune+cells+within+murine+aortas.">Flow cytometry analysis of immune cells within murine aortas.</a> J Vis Exp. (53), e2848 (2011).</li><li>Salamone, M., Saladino, S., Pampalone, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Tissue+Dissociation+and+Primary+Cells+Isolation+Using+Recombinant+Collagenases+Class+I+and+II.">Tissue Dissociation and Primary Cells Isolation Using Recombinant Collagenases Class I and II.</a> Chemical Engineering Transactions. 38, 247-252 (2014).</li><li>Wells, R. G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+role+of+matrix+stiffness+in+regulating+cell+behavior.">The role of matrix stiffness in regulating cell behavior.</a> Hepatology. 47 (4), 1394-1400 (2008).</li><li>Fain, J. N. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Isolation+of+Free+Brown+and+White+Fat+Cells.">Isolation of Free Brown and White Fat Cells.</a> Diabetologia. 375 (1964), 555-561 (1968).</li><li>Seglen, P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Preparation+of+isolated+rat+liver+cells.">Preparation of isolated rat liver cells.</a> Method Cell Biol. 13, 29-83 (1976).</li><li>Yu, S., Allen, J. N., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+Ron+Receptor+Tyrosine+Kinase+Regulates+Macrophage+Heterogeneity+and+Plays+a+Protective+Role+in+Diet-Induced+Obesity,+Atherosclerosis,+and+Hepatosteatosis.">The Ron Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Regulates Macrophage Heterogeneity and Plays a Protective Role in Diet-Induced Obesity, Atherosclerosis, and Hepatosteatosis.</a> J Immunol. 197 (1), 256-265 (2016).</li><li>Yu, Y. R. A., O'Koren, E. G., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+protocol+for+the+comprehensive+flow+cytometric+analysis+of+immune+cells+in+normal+and+inflamed+murine+non-lymphoid+tissues.">A protocol for the comprehensive flow cytometric analysis of immune cells in normal and inflamed murine non-lymphoid tissues.</a> PLoS ONE. 11 (3), 1-23 (2016).</li><li>Zizzo, G., Hilliard, B. A., Monestier, M., Cohen, P. L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Efficient+clearance+of+early+apoptotic+cells+by+human+macrophages+requires+&amp;#34;M2c&amp;#34;+polarization+and+MerTK+induction.">Efficient clearance of early apoptotic cells by human macrophages requires &amp;#34;M2c&amp;#34; polarization and MerTK induction.</a> J Immunol. 100 (2), 130-134 (2012).</li><li>Jablonski, K. A., Amici, S. A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Novel+markers+to+delineate+murine+M1+and+M2+macrophages.">Novel markers to delineate murine M1 and M2 macrophages.</a> PLoS ONE. 10 (12), 5-11 (2015).</li><li>R&#337;szer, T. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Understanding+the+Mysterious+M2+Macrophage+through+Activation+Markers+and+Effector+Mechanisms.">Understanding the Mysterious M2 Macrophage through Activation Markers and Effector Mechanisms.</a> Mediators of Inflamm. 2015, 1-16 (2015).</li><li>Cho, K. W., Morris, D. L., Lumeng, C. N. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Flow+Cytometry+Analysis+of+Adipose+Tissue+Macrophages.">Flow Cytometry Analysis of Adipose Tissue Macrophages.</a> Methods Enzymol. 4 (164), 297-314 (2011).</li><li>Kim, Y. -. J., Brox, T., Feiden, W., Weickert, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Technical+Note:+Flow+Cytometry+Controls,+Instrument+Setup,+and+the+Determination+of+Positivity.">Technical Note: Flow Cytometry Controls, Instrument Setup, and the Determination of Positivity.</a> Cytometry A. 71 (1), 8-15 (2007).</li><li>Tung, J. W., Heydari, K., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Modern+Flow+Cytometry:+A+Practical+Approach.">Modern Flow Cytometry: A Practical Approach.</a> Clin Lab Med. 27 (3), 453-468 (2007).</li><li>Martinez, F. 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Kost-induceret stofskiftesygdom modeller, der efterligner Co-morbiditeter såsom åreforkalkning, enkle steatose, steatohepatitis og type 2-diabetes er flittigt brugt til bedre at forstå de underliggende molekylære mekanismer for sygdomsprogression. Collagenase afhængige fordøjelsen er ofte bruges til at adskille væv for at befri celler fra ekstracellulære matrix (ECM)16,27. Enzymer såsom collagenase forstyrre kollagen, som giver strukturel støtte for til...

Musemodeller har været flittigt brugt til at studere dynamikken i menneskelige sygdomme. Korrekt isolering af væv bosiddende celler fra mus i en syge tilstand kan skabe en platform for at forstå de molekylære og cellulære bidrag til patogenesen af en sygdom1. En lidelse, der er af afgørende betydning er fedme. Forekomsten af fedme fortsætter med at stige på verdensplan parallelt med insulinresistens og type 2 diabetes mellitus, kardiovaskulære sygdomme, og fedtlever sygdom2,3. Næringsstof overforbrug er yderligere skæv af nedsat fysisk aktivitet udløser ændret signaler fra fedtvæv, som kan ændre den cellulære miljø af andre perifere væv som aorta og leveren4. Sådanne forstyrrelser af metaboliske homøostase resultater i en kronisk lav kvalitet systemisk inflammation5.
Klassisk aktiveringen af makrofager bopæl til aorta og lever samt deres rekruttering til hvidt fedtvæv (WAT) har vist sig at ikke kun indlede dysregulering af metaboliske signaler, men også opretholde betændelse6,7. Fænotypiske og funktionelle heterogenitet af makrofager er stærkt forbundet med patogenesen af fedme relaterede co-morbiditet7. Den dynamiske plasticitet i makrofag polarisering giver mulighed for disse celler til at udstille en række aktiveret fænotyper, der koordinerer progression og opløsning af betændelse8. Mens klassisk aktiveret (M1) makrofager er involveret i udbredelsen af inflammation, har alternativt aktiveret (M2) makrofager været forbundet med opløsning og væv reparation9,10.
Som kroppen gennemgår metabolisk stress, ophobes hvidt fedtvæv unormalt. Den udvidede fedtvæv tiltrækker og bevarer inflammatoriske celler, der dybt ændrer normal adipocyt funktion for at fremme insulinresistens, hyperglykæmi og i sidste ende type 2 diabetes mellitus, insulinresistens eller hyperglykæmi11, 12. Sideløbende har infiltreret hvidt fedtvæv remodels svar på inflammatoriske signaler udgivet af klassisk aktiveret (M1) fedtvæv makrofager (hæveautomater)13,14. Denne multi-cellulære organ udøver en kaskade af signaler, der derails den normale funktion af andre kroppens organer som f.eks aorta og lever4.
Leveren er en metabolisk kraftcenter, der tilpasser som svar på stimuli med oprindelse fra nærliggende dysregulated WAT15. Hepatisk makrofager eller Kupffer celler, som reaktion på metaboliske ændringer, udskille inflammatoriske cytokiner, der forvandle både parenkymalt og ikke-parenkymalt celle fænotype og fremme af væv remodellering. Hepatisk lipid ophobning, betændelse, overdreven ekstracellulære matrix indskud, nekrose og eventuel funktionen tab følger de inflammatoriske fornærmelser bidrager til det brede spektrum af leverskader forbundet med ikke-alkoholiske fedtlever sygdom 16,17,18.
Parallelt med kompromitteret WAT og leverfunktionen akkumulere store arterier lipider i arterievæggen som kroppen gennemgår kronisk metabolisk stress19. Arteriel lipid ophobning udløser udskillelsen af kemokiner af aktiverede endotelceller og efterfølgende ansættelse af monocytter20. Når rekrutteret, monocytter formere sig, differentiere, indtage lipoproteiner og blive skum celler. Atherogenesis er indledt og påført det pro-inflammatoriske aktivitet af rekrutteret og væv bosiddende lipid-laden makrofager. Bukke under for de ekstracellulære og intracellulære stress signaler videresendes i denne atherogene mikromiljø, indlede disse makrofager derefter en apoptotiske signalering cascade. Som disse skum celler dør, bidrager de deres lipid fyldt indhold til nekrotisk kernen af læsion, som derefter fører til plaque brud, myokardieinfarkt og slagtilfælde.
Kollektivt, orchestrates heterogenitet af makrofag fænotyper delvis fedme induceret af inflammatoriske observerede ændringer i dysregulated væv såsom WAT, leveren og aorta8,21. Karakterisering af rekrutteret og væv bosiddende makrofager kunne give indsigt i potentielle molekylære mål, at manipulerer makrofag fænotype1. Du kan faktisk karakterisere makrofager fra fedme-induceret betændt væv, kan en enkelt celle suspension fås gennem enzymatisk nedbrydning. Sådanne dissociation protokoller skal være effektiv i tilstrækkeligt nedværdigende bindevæv samtidig minimere immun celledød og giver optimal celle udbytte. Enzym blandingen er afhængig af typen af væv og dens strukturelle fyldes op. Elastiske væv som aorta kræver stærkere enzymatisk aktivitet, i forhold til leveren og WAT, at opnå væv dissociation. Fra enkelt cellesuspension, kan væv bosiddende makrofager utvetydigt karakteriseret eller isoleret for videre downstream analyse såsom transcriptional profilering.
Her er en væv-specifik protokol beskrevet der bruger collagenase-afhængige væv fordøjelse og polykromatisk flowcytometri effektivt isolerer og karakteriserer væv-resident makrofager fremstillet af traditionel kost induceret fedme, åreforkalkning, enkle steatose og steatohepatitis musemodeller. Samtidige farvning af celle overflade markører med antistoffer mod leukocyt-(CD45 og/eller CD11b) og makrofag - (F4/80) specifikke antigener er ofte bruges til at identificere makrofag populationer22. Fluorescens-aktiveret celle sortering (FACS) er en kraftfuld strategi, der anvendes til at sortere disse identificerede befolkninger på høj renhed. Den sorterede befolkning kan derefter evalueres for fænotype bestemt gen profiler ved hjælp af downstream Molekylær analyse (såsom kvantitative realtid polymerase chain reaction)23. Selv om standard flowcytometri og flow flowcytometri-baserede celle sortering er stærke værktøjer i skelne makrofager inden for en meget heterogen cellesuspension, skal de tidligere protokoller optimeres for at sikre vellykket output. I denne undersøgelse, er protokoller, at effektivt isolerer og karakteriserer levedygtige væv specifikke makrofager beskrevet; vigtigere er, giver denne undersøgelse afgørende indsigt i tekniske spørgsmål, der ofte opstår, samt proaktiv og trouble-shooting strategier til at forebygge og/eller løses.

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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:321px;">26G x 5/8 in Needles</td>
			<td style="width:151px;">BD</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">305115</td>
			<td style="width:349px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="40">
			<td height="40" style="height:40px;width:321px;">23G x 0.75 in needle x 12 in. tubing Blood Collection Set</td>
			<td style="width:151px;">BD</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">367297</td>
			<td style="width:349px;">Used for cannulation of subhepatic IVC during liver perfusion</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:321px;">21G 1 1/2 in. Needles</td>
			<td style="width:151px;">BD</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">305156</td>
			<td style="width:349px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:321px;">1mL syringe with rubber stops</td>
			<td style="width:151px;">BD</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">309659</td>
			<td style="width:349px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:321px;">10mL Syringes</td>
			<td style="width:151px;">BD</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">309604</td>
			<td style="width:349px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:321px;">1mL Syringe</td>
			<td style="width:151px;">BD</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">309659</td>
			<td style="width:349px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:321px;">F4/80 PE</td>
			<td style="width:151px;">Biolegend</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">123110</td>
			<td style="width:349px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:321px;">CD11c PE/Cy7</td>
			<td style="width:151px;">Biolegend</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">117318</td>
			<td style="width:349px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:321px;">CD11b PE/Cy5</td>
			<td style="width:151px;">eBioscience</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">15-0112-81</td>
			<td style="width:349px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:321px;">Anti-mouse CD16/32 Fc Block&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:151px;">Biolegend</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">101320</td>
			<td style="width:349px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:321px;">CD45 Pacific Blue</td>
			<td style="width:151px;">Biolegend</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">103126</td>
			<td style="width:349px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:321px;">PE Rat IgG2a</td>
			<td style="width:151px;">Biolegend</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">400508</td>
			<td style="width:349px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:321px;">PE/Cy7 Armenian Hamster IgG</td>
			<td style="width:151px;">Biolegend</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">400922</td>
			<td style="width:349px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:321px;">PE/Cy5 Rat IgG2b</td>
			<td style="width:151px;">Biolegend</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">400610</td>
			<td style="width:349px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:321px;">Pacific Blue Rat IgG2c</td>
			<td style="width:151px;">Biolegend</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">400717</td>
			<td style="width:349px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:321px;">Dulbecco&#8217;s Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM)&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:151px;">Cellgro</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">15-017-CV</td>
			<td style="width:349px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:321px;">1X Phosphate Buffered Saline (PBS)</td>
			<td style="width:151px;">Cellgro</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">21-031-CV</td>
			<td style="width:349px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:321px;">70 micron cell strainers</td>
			<td style="width:151px;">Corning, Inc.</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">352350</td>
			<td style="width:349px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:321px;">&#160;1.7 mL microcentrifuge tube&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:151px;">Denville</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">C2170</td>
			<td style="width:349px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="40">
			<td height="40" style="height:40px;width:321px;">Paraformaldehyde Aqueous Solution -16X</td>
			<td style="width:151px;">Electron Microscopy Sciences</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">CAS #30525-89-4</td>
			<td style="width:349px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="40">
			<td height="40" style="height:40px;width:321px;">Micro Dissecting Scissors, 3.5 inch, Straight, 23mm, Sharp&#160;</td>
			<td>Stoelting</td>
			<td>52132-10P</td>
			<td style="width:349px;">Used for general dissecting purposes</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Micro Forceps, 4in, full curve, 0.8mm</td>
			<td>Stoelting</td>
			<td>52102-37P&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:349px;">Used for general dissecting purposes</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:321px;">Spring dissection scissors &#8211; 3 mm Cutting edge&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:151px;">Fine Science Tool</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">15000-10</td>
			<td style="width:349px;">Used for aorta dissection Steps 1.3.3.17 to 1.3.3.28</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:321px;">Curved 0.07 x 0.04 mm Tip Forceps&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:151px;">Fine Science Tool</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">11297-10</td>
			<td style="width:349px;">Used for aorta dissection Steps 1.3.3.17 to 1.3.3.28</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:321px;">Hemostatic Forceps (Curved)</td>
			<td style="width:151px;">Fine Science Tool</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">13021-12</td>
			<td style="width:349px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:321px;">Heparin Sodium Salt</td>
			<td style="width:151px;">Fischer Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">9041-08-1</td>
			<td style="width:349px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="25">
			<td height="25" style="height:25px;width:321px;">35mm Cell Culture/Petri Dishes</td>
			<td style="width:151px;">Fischer Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">12-565-90</td>
			<td style="width:349px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:321px;">Polystyrene Petri Dishes (10 cm) w/lid</td>
			<td style="width:151px;">Fischer Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">08-757-100D</td>
			<td style="width:349px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:321px;">15mL Conical Centrifuge Tubes (Polypropylene)</td>
			<td style="width:151px;">Fischer Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">14-959-53A</td>
			<td style="width:349px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:321px;">50mL Conical Centrifuge Tubes&#160;(Polypropylene)</td>
			<td style="width:151px;">Fischer Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">14-432-22</td>
			<td style="width:349px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:321px;">5mL Round-Bottom Polystyrene Tubes&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:151px;">Fischer Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">14-959-5</td>
			<td style="width:349px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:321px;">Fetal Bovine Serum</td>
			<td style="width:151px;">Gemini Bio-Products</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">100-106</td>
			<td style="width:349px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="23">
			<td height="23" style="height:23px;width:321px;">Ethanol (Stock Ethyl Alcohol Denatured, Anyhydrous)</td>
			<td style="width:151px;">Millipore</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">EX0285-1</td>
			<td style="width:349px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:321px;">Bovine Serum Albumin</td>
			<td style="width:151px;">Rockland</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">BSA-50</td>
			<td style="width:349px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:321px;">HEPES</td>
			<td style="width:151px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">H3375</td>
			<td style="width:349px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:321px;">Collagenase Type II</td>
			<td style="width:151px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">C6885</td>
			<td style="width:349px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:321px;">Collagenasse Type XI</td>
			<td style="width:151px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">C7657</td>
			<td style="width:349px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:321px;">Hyaluronidase Type I</td>
			<td style="width:151px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">H3506</td>
			<td style="width:349px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:321px;">DNAse</td>
			<td style="width:151px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">DN25</td>
			<td style="width:349px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:321px;">Collagenase Type I</td>
			<td style="width:151px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">C0130</td>
			<td style="width:349px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:321px;">NaOH</td>
			<td style="width:151px;">Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">1310-73-2&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:349px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="24">
			<td height="24" style="height:24px;width:321px;">CaCl2</td>
			<td style="width:151px;">Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">449709-10G</td>
			<td style="width:349px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:321px;">500mL beaker&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:151px;">Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">02-540M</td>
			<td style="width:349px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:321px;">4 cm Hemostatic clamp</td>
			<td style="width:151px;">Stoelting</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">52120-40</td>
			<td style="width:349px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:321px;">Toothed forceps</td>
			<td style="width:151px;">Stoelting</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">52104-33P</td>
			<td style="width:349px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:321px;">50 micron Disposable filters</td>
			<td style="width:151px;">Systemex</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">04-0042-2317</td>
			<td style="width:349px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="40">
			<td height="40" style="height:40px;width:321px;">Collagenase Type IV</td>
			<td style="width:151px;">ThermoFischer Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">17104019</td>
			<td style="width:349px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="40">
			<td height="40" style="height:40px;width:321px;">Ammonium Chloride Potassium (ACK)</td>
			<td style="width:151px;">ThermoFischer Scientific&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">A1049201</td>
			<td style="width:349px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:321px;">Razors (0.22 mm (0.009&#34;))</td>
			<td style="width:151px;">VWR International</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">55411-050</td>
			<td style="width:349px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:321px;">Texas Red Live/Dead stain</td>
			<td style="width:151px;"></td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td style="width:349px;">Red viability stain (in Figure 1A)</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

isolation, characterization, and purification of macrophages from tissues affected by obesity-related inflammation

Fedme fremmer en kronisk inflammatorisk tilstand, der er overvejende medieret af væv-resident makrofager samt monocyt-afledte makrofager. Kost-induceret fedme (DIO) er en værdifuld model i at studere rollen af makrofag heterogenitet; passende makrofag isolering er imidlertid vanskeligt at erhverve fra betændt væv. I denne protokol skitsere vi isolation trin og nødvendige retningslinjer for fejlfinding stammer fra vores undersøgelser for at opnå en passende befolkning af væv-resident makrofager fra mus efter 18 uger af højt fedtindhold (HFD) eller () høj-fedt/høj-kolesterol HFHCD) kost intervention. Denne protokol fokuserer på tre hallmark væv studerede i fedme og åreforkalkning herunder leveren, hvidt fedtvæv (WAT) og aorta. Vi fremhæve hvordan dualistiske brugen af flow flowcytometri kan opnå en ny dimension af isolering og karakterisering af væv-resident makrofager. En grundlæggende del af denne protokol adresser snørklede underliggende væv-specifikke enzymatiske digestions og makrofag isolation og efterfølgende celleoverfladen antistof farvning for flow cytometric analyse. Denne protokol adresser eksisterende kompleksiteter underliggende fluorescerende-aktiveret celle sortering (FACS) og præsenterer præciseringer til disse kompleksiteter for at opnå bred karakterisering fra tilstrækkeligt sorteret cellepopulationer. Alternative berigelse metoder er inkluderet til sortering af celler, såsom tætte leveren, giver mulighed for fleksibilitet og tid forvaltning, når du arbejder med FACS. Kort sagt, denne protokol aids-forsker til at evaluere makrofag heterogenitet fra et væld af betændt væv i en given undersøgelse og giver indsigtsfulde fejlfindingstip, der har været en succes for gunstige cellulære isolering og karakterisering af immunceller i DIO-medieret betændelse.

Når du bruger apolipoprotein E mangelfuld (ApoE KO) C57BL/6 (BL6) mus opretholdt en høj fedt højt kolesterol kost (HCHFD eller HCD) til 18 uger, 1 x 104 - 2 x 104 CD45+F4/80+ aorta makrofager kan isoleres, når der er to stikprøver samlet. Lever dissekeret fra HFHCD-fed ApoE KO mus, produceret større end 5 x 105 sorteret Kupffer celler (som afhænger af tilgængelige sorterings tid). Når du bruger højt fedtindhold kost (HFD) fo...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Isolation, Characterization, and Purification of Macrophages from Tissues Affected by Obesity-related Inflammation at JoVE.com

Isolation, Characterization, and Purification of Macrophages from Tissues Affected by Obesity-related Inflammation

Denne protokol giver mulighed for en forsker at isolere og karakterisere væv-resident makrofager i forskellige hallmark betændt væv udvundet fra kost-induceret modeller af stofskiftesygdomme.

Isolation, karakterisering og rensning af makrofager fra væv ramt af fedme-relaterede Inflammation

Obesity promotes a chronic inflammatory state that is largely mediated by tissue-resident macrophages as well as monocyte-derived macrophages. ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Immunology and Infection

Isolation and Characterization of Dendritic Cells and Macrophages from the Mouse Intestine

Isolering og karakterisering af dendritiske celler og makrofager fra mus Tarmen

Within the intestine reside unique populations of innate and adaptive immune cells that are involved in promoting tolerance towards commensal flora and ...

Proteomic Profiling of Macrophages by 2D Electrophoresis

Proteomisk Profilering af makrofager ved 2D elektroforese

The goal of the two-dimensional (2D) electrophoresis protocol described here is to show how to analyse the phenotype of human cultured macrophages. The ...

Isolation of Leukocytes from the Murine Tissues at the Maternal-Fetal Interface

Isolering af leukocytter fra det murine væv på maternel-føtal grænseflade

Immune tolerance in pregnancy requires that the immune system of the mother undergoes distinctive changes in order to accept and nurture the developing ...

An Optimized Method for Isolating and Expanding Invariant Natural Killer T Cells from Mouse Spleen

En optimeret fremgangsmåde til isolering og udvidelse Invariant Natural Killer T-celler fra musemilt

The ability to rapidly secrete cytokines upon stimulation is a functional characteristic of the invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cell lineage. iNKT cells ...

Isolation, Characterization and Functional Examination of the Gingival Immune Cell Network

Isolation, karakterisering og funktionelle Undersøgelse af Gingival Immune Cell Network

Immune cell networks in tissues play a vital role in mediating local immunity and maintaining tissue homeostasis, yet little is known of the resident ...

Functional Characterization of Regulatory Macrophages That Inhibit Graft-reactive Immunity

Funktionel karakterisering af regulatoriske makrofager, der hæmmer graftreaktiv immunitet

Macrophage accumulation in transplanted organs has long been recognized as a feature of allograft rejection1. Immunogenic monocytes infiltrate the ...

Phenotypic Characterization of Macrophages from Rat Kidney by Flow Cytometry

Fænotypisk karakterisering af makrofager fra rottenyre ved flowcytometri

There is increasing evidence suggesting the important role of inflammation and, subsequently, macrophages in the development and progression of renal ...

Analysis of Microglia and Monocyte-derived Macrophages from the Central Nervous System by Flow Cytometry

Analyse af Microglia og Monocyt-afledte Makrofager fra Centralnervesystemet ved Flowcytometri

Numerous studies have demonstrated the role of immune cells, in particular macrophages, in central nervous system (CNS) pathologies. There are two main ...

Isolation of Salmonella typhimurium-containing Phagosomes from Macrophages

Isolation of Salmonella typhimurium-containing Phagosomes from Macrophages

Isolering af Salmonella typhimurium-indeholdende Phagosomes fra makrofager

Salmonella typhimurium is a facultative intracellular bacterium that causes gastroenteritis in humans. After invasion of the lamina propria, S. ...

Isolation and Characterization of Extracellular Vesicles from Adult Schistosoma japonicum

Isolation and Characterization of Extracellular Vesicles from Adult Schistosoma japonicum

Isolering og karakterisering af ekstracellulære vesikler fra voksen Schistosoma japonicum

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membranous vesicles released by a variety of cells into the extracellular microenvironment. EVs represent a population of ...