Name: isolation, characterization, and purification of macrophages from tissues affected by obesity-related inflammation
Uploaded: 2017-04-03T14:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Isolation, Characterization, and Purification of Macrophages from Tissues Affected by Obesity-related Inflammation at JoVE.com

Vi vil gjerne takke Flow cytometri Core anlegget på The Pennsylvania State University Millennium Science Complex.

Alle eksperimentelle protokoller (seksjoner 1, 1.2 og 1.3) ble godkjent av institusjonelle Animal Care og bruk Committee (IACUC) ved Pennsylvania State University.
<table border="1" fo:keep-together.within-page="1" fo:keep-with-next.within-page="always"><tbody>
<tr>
<td>Vev</td>
			<td>Dissosiasjon buffere forberedelse</td>
			<td>Siste volum</td>
			<td>Lagring</td>
		</tr>
<tr>
<td>Hvit fettvev (WAT)</td>
			<td>
Dissosiasjon Buffer: 2,5% HEPES, 10 mg/mL Bovine serum albumin (BSA),...

<ol>
	<li>Davies, L. C., Taylor, P. R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Tissue-resident+macrophages:+Then+and+Now.">Tissue-resident macrophages: Then and Now.</a> Immunology. 144 (4), 541-548 (2015).</li><li>Kahn, S. E., Hull, R. L., Utzschneider, K. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Mechanisms+linking+obesity+to+insulin+resistance+and+type+2+diabetes.">Mechanisms linking obesity to insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes.</a> Nature. 444 (12), 840-846 (2006).</li><li>Van Gaal, L. F., Mertens, I. L., De Block, C. E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Mechanisms+linking+obesity+with+cardiovascular+disease.">Mechanisms linking obesity with cardiovascular disease.</a> Nature. 444 (12), 875-880 (2006).</li><li>Jung, U., Choi, M. -. S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Obesity+and+Its+Metabolic+Complications:+The+Role+of+Adipokines+and+the+Relationship+between+Obesity,+Inflammation,+Insulin+Resistance,+Dyslipidemia+and+Nonalcoholic+Fatty+Liver+Disease.">Obesity and Its Metabolic Complications: The Role of Adipokines and the Relationship between Obesity, Inflammation, Insulin Resistance, Dyslipidemia and Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease.</a> Int J Mol Sci. 15 (4), 6184-6223 (2014).</li><li>Emanuela, F., Grazia, M., Marco, D. R., Maria Paola, L., Giorgio, F., Marco, B. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Inflammation+as+a+link+between+obesity+and+metabolic+syndrome.">Inflammation as a link between obesity and metabolic syndrome.</a> Nutr Metab. 2012, 1-7 (2012).</li><li>Vieira-Potter, V. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Inflammation+and+macrophage+modulation+in+adipose+tissues.">Inflammation and macrophage modulation in adipose tissues.</a> Cell Microbiol. 16 (10), 1484-1492 (2014).</li><li>Chawla, A., Nguyen, K. D., Goh, Y. P. S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Macrophage-mediated+inflammation+in+metabolic+disease.">Macrophage-mediated inflammation in metabolic disease.</a> Nat Rev Immunol. 11 (11), 738-749 (2011).</li><li>Dey, A., Allen, J., Hankey-giblin, P. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Ontogeny+and+polarization+of+macrophages+in+inflammation+:+blood+monocytes+versus+tissue+macrophages.">Ontogeny and polarization of macrophages in inflammation : blood monocytes versus tissue macrophages.</a> Front Immunol. 5 (1), 1-15 (2015).</li><li>Mills, C. D., Lenz, L. L., Ley, K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Macrophages+at+the+fork+in+the+road+to+health+or+disease.">Macrophages at the fork in the road to health or disease.</a> Front Immunol. 6 (2), 1-6 (2015).</li><li>Italiani, P., Boraschi, D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=From+monocytes+to+M1/M2+macrophages:+Phenotypical+vs.+functional+differentiation.">From monocytes to M1/M2 macrophages: Phenotypical vs. functional differentiation.</a> Front Immunol. 5 (8), 1-22 (2014).</li><li>Guilherme, A., Virbasius, J. V., Vishwajeet, P., Czech, M. P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Adipocyte+dysfunctions+linking+obesity+to+insulin+resistance+and+type+2+diabetes.">Adipocyte dysfunctions linking obesity to insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes.</a> Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 9 (5), 367-377 (2008).</li><li>Cummins, T. D., Holden, C. R., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Metabolic+remodeling+of+white+adipose+tissue+in+obesity.">Metabolic remodeling of white adipose tissue in obesity.</a> Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab. 307 (3), 262-277 (2014).</li><li>Fujisaka, S., Usui, I., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Regulatory+Mechanisms+for+Adipose+Tissue+M1+and+M2+Macrophages+in+Diet+Induced+Obese+Mice.">Regulatory Mechanisms for Adipose Tissue M1 and M2 Macrophages in Diet Induced Obese Mice.</a> Diabetes. 58 (9), 2574-2582 (2009).</li><li>Lumeng, C. N., Bodzin, J. L., Saltiel, A. R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Obesity+induces+a+phenotipic+switch+in+adipose+tissue+macrophage+polarization.">Obesity induces a phenotipic switch in adipose tissue macrophage polarization.</a> J Clin Invest. 117 (1), 175-184 (2007).</li><li>Qureshi, K., Abrams, G. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Metabolic+liver+disease+of+obesity+and+role+of+adipose+tissue+in+the+pathogenesis+of+nonalcoholic+fatty+liver+disease.">Metabolic liver disease of obesity and role of adipose tissue in the pathogenesis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.</a> World J Gastroenterol. 13 (26), 3540-3553 (2007).</li><li>Bedossa, P., Paradis, V. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Liver+extracellular+matrix+in+health+and+disease.">Liver extracellular matrix in health and disease.</a> J Pathol. 200 (4), 504-515 (2003).</li><li>Tilg, H., Moschen, A. R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Evolution+of+inflammation+in+nonalcoholic+fatty+liver+disease:+The+multiple+parallel+hits+hypothesis.">Evolution of inflammation in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: The multiple parallel hits hypothesis.</a> Hepatology. 52 (5), 1836-1846 (2010).</li><li>Milic, S., Lulic, D., Stimac, D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Non-alcoholic+fatty+liver+disease+and+obesity:+Biochemical,+metabolic+and+clinical+presentations.">Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and obesity: Biochemical, metabolic and clinical presentations.</a> World J Gastroenterol. 20 (28), 9330-9337 (2014).</li><li>Williams, I. L., Wheatcroft, S. B., Shah, A. M., Kearney, M. T. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Obesity,+atherosclerosis+and+the+vascular+endothelium:+mechanisms+of+reduced+nitric+oxide+bioavailability+in+obese+humans.">Obesity, atherosclerosis and the vascular endothelium: mechanisms of reduced nitric oxide bioavailability in obese humans.</a> Int J Obesity. 26 (12), 754-764 (2002).</li><li>Mestas, J., Ley, K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Monocyte-Endothelial+Cell+Interactions+in+the+Development+of+Atherosclerosis.">Monocyte-Endothelial Cell Interactions in the Development of Atherosclerosis.</a> Trends Cardiovasc Med. 18 (6), 228-232 (2008).</li><li>Wynn, T. A., Chawla, A., Pollard, J. W. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Macrophage+biology+in+development,+homeostasis+and+disease.">Macrophage biology in development, homeostasis and disease.</a> Nature. 496 (7446), 445-455 (2013).</li><li>Davies, L. C., Jenkins, S. J., Allen, J. E., Taylor, P. R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Tissue-resident+macrophages.">Tissue-resident macrophages.</a> Nat Rev Immunol. 14 (10), 986-995 (2013).</li><li>Basu, S., Campbell, H. M., Dittel, B. N., Ray, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Purification+of+specific+cell+population+by+fluorescence+activated+cell+sorting+(FACS).">Purification of specific cell population by fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS).</a> J Vis Exp. (41), e1546 (2010).</li><li>Mann, A., Thompson, A., Robbins, N., Blomkalns, A. L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Localization,+Identification,+and+Excision+of+Murine+Adipose+Depots.">Localization, Identification, and Excision of Murine Adipose Depots.</a> J Vis Exp. (94), e52174 (2014).</li><li>Butcher, M. J., Herre, M., Ley, K., Galkina, E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Flow+cytometry+analysis+of+immune+cells+within+murine+aortas.">Flow cytometry analysis of immune cells within murine aortas.</a> J Vis Exp. (53), e2848 (2011).</li><li>Salamone, M., Saladino, S., Pampalone, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Tissue+Dissociation+and+Primary+Cells+Isolation+Using+Recombinant+Collagenases+Class+I+and+II.">Tissue Dissociation and Primary Cells Isolation Using Recombinant Collagenases Class I and II.</a> Chemical Engineering Transactions. 38, 247-252 (2014).</li><li>Wells, R. G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+role+of+matrix+stiffness+in+regulating+cell+behavior.">The role of matrix stiffness in regulating cell behavior.</a> Hepatology. 47 (4), 1394-1400 (2008).</li><li>Fain, J. N. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Isolation+of+Free+Brown+and+White+Fat+Cells.">Isolation of Free Brown and White Fat Cells.</a> Diabetologia. 375 (1964), 555-561 (1968).</li><li>Seglen, P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Preparation+of+isolated+rat+liver+cells.">Preparation of isolated rat liver cells.</a> Method Cell Biol. 13, 29-83 (1976).</li><li>Yu, S., Allen, J. N., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+Ron+Receptor+Tyrosine+Kinase+Regulates+Macrophage+Heterogeneity+and+Plays+a+Protective+Role+in+Diet-Induced+Obesity,+Atherosclerosis,+and+Hepatosteatosis.">The Ron Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Regulates Macrophage Heterogeneity and Plays a Protective Role in Diet-Induced Obesity, Atherosclerosis, and Hepatosteatosis.</a> J Immunol. 197 (1), 256-265 (2016).</li><li>Yu, Y. R. A., O'Koren, E. G., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+protocol+for+the+comprehensive+flow+cytometric+analysis+of+immune+cells+in+normal+and+inflamed+murine+non-lymphoid+tissues.">A protocol for the comprehensive flow cytometric analysis of immune cells in normal and inflamed murine non-lymphoid tissues.</a> PLoS ONE. 11 (3), 1-23 (2016).</li><li>Zizzo, G., Hilliard, B. A., Monestier, M., Cohen, P. L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Efficient+clearance+of+early+apoptotic+cells+by+human+macrophages+requires+&amp;#34;M2c&amp;#34;+polarization+and+MerTK+induction.">Efficient clearance of early apoptotic cells by human macrophages requires &amp;#34;M2c&amp;#34; polarization and MerTK induction.</a> J Immunol. 100 (2), 130-134 (2012).</li><li>Jablonski, K. A., Amici, S. A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Novel+markers+to+delineate+murine+M1+and+M2+macrophages.">Novel markers to delineate murine M1 and M2 macrophages.</a> PLoS ONE. 10 (12), 5-11 (2015).</li><li>R&#337;szer, T. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Understanding+the+Mysterious+M2+Macrophage+through+Activation+Markers+and+Effector+Mechanisms.">Understanding the Mysterious M2 Macrophage through Activation Markers and Effector Mechanisms.</a> Mediators of Inflamm. 2015, 1-16 (2015).</li><li>Cho, K. W., Morris, D. L., Lumeng, C. N. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Flow+Cytometry+Analysis+of+Adipose+Tissue+Macrophages.">Flow Cytometry Analysis of Adipose Tissue Macrophages.</a> Methods Enzymol. 4 (164), 297-314 (2011).</li><li>Kim, Y. -. J., Brox, T., Feiden, W., Weickert, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Technical+Note:+Flow+Cytometry+Controls,+Instrument+Setup,+and+the+Determination+of+Positivity.">Technical Note: Flow Cytometry Controls, Instrument Setup, and the Determination of Positivity.</a> Cytometry A. 71 (1), 8-15 (2007).</li><li>Tung, J. W., Heydari, K., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Modern+Flow+Cytometry:+A+Practical+Approach.">Modern Flow Cytometry: A Practical Approach.</a> Clin Lab Med. 27 (3), 453-468 (2007).</li><li>Martinez, F. O., Gordon, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+M1+and+M2+paradigm+of+macrophage+activation:+time+for+reassessment.">The M1 and M2 paradigm of macrophage activation: time for reassessment.</a> F1000. 6 (3), 13 (2014).</li><li>Porcheray, F., Viaud, S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Macrophage+activation+switching:+An+asset+for+the+resolution+of+inflammation.">Macrophage activation switching: An asset for the resolution of inflammation.</a> Clin Exp Immunol. 142 (3), 481-489 (2005).</li><li>Plouffe, B. D., Murthy, S. K., Lewis, L. 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Diett-indusert stoffskiftesykdom modeller som etterligner Co-morbidities som åreforkalkning, enkel Steatose, steatohepatitis og type 2 diabetes er mye brukt for forstå underliggende molekylære mekanismer av sykdomsprogresjon. Collagenase avhengige fordøyelsen brukes ofte til å distansere vev å frigjøre celler fra ekstracellulær matrix (EFM)16,27. Enzymer som collagenase forstyrre kollagen som gir strukturell støtte for omkringliggende celler. Vev struktu...

Musen modeller har blitt brukt til å studere dynamikken i menneskelig sykdommer. Riktig isolasjon av vev bosatt celler fra mus i en sykelig tilstand kan gi en plattform for å forstå den molekylære og mobilnettet bidrag til patogenesen av sykdom1. En lidelse som er av avgjørende betydning er fedme. Forekomsten av fedme fortsetter å stige over hele verden sammen med insulinresistens og type 2 diabetes mellitus, hjerte-og karsykdommer og fatty leversykdom2,3. Overdreven næringsstoffet forbruk ytterligere forvrenges av redusert fysisk aktivitet utløser endret signaler fra fettvev, som kan endre andre perifere vev som aorta og lever4mobilnettet miljøet. Slike avbrudd i metabolske homeostase resulterer i en kronisk lav karakter systemisk betennelse5.
Klassisk aktivering av makrofager bosatt aorta og leveren samt rekruttering til hvit fettvev (WAT) har vist seg å ikke bare starte feilregulering metabolske signaler, men også opprettholde betennelse6,7. Den fenotypiske og funksjonell mangfold i makrofager er sterkt assosiert med patogenesen av fedme relatert Co-morbidities7. Dynamisk plastisitet i macrophage polarisering gjør for disse cellene til å vise en rekke aktivert fenotyper som koordinerer utviklingen og oppløsning av betennelse8. Mens klassisk aktivert (M1) makrofager er innblandet i utbredelsen av betennelse, er alternativt aktivert (M2) makrofager forbundet med oppløsning og tissue reparasjon9,10.
Som kroppen gjennomgår metabolske stress, akkumuleres hvit fettvev unormalt. Utvidet fettvev tiltrekker og beholder inflammatoriske celler som dypt endre normal adipocyte funksjonen for å fremme insulinresistens, hyperglykemi og til slutt type 2 diabetes mellitus, insulinresistens eller hyperglykemi11, 12. Parallelt, hvit fettvev remodels svar på inflammatorisk signaler utgitt av infiltrert klassisk aktivert (M1) fettvev makrofager (ATMs)13,14. Denne multi-mobilnettet organ utøver en kaskade av signaler at derails normal funksjon av andre kroppens organer som aorta og leveren4.
Leveren er en metabolsk kraftpakke som tilpasser seg i respons på stimuli fra nærliggende dysregulated WAT15. Hepatic makrofager eller Kupffer celler, svar på metabolske forandringer, skiller inflammatoriske cytokiner som transformerer både parenchymal og ikke-parenchymal celle fenotypen og fremme vev remodeling. Hepatic lipid akkumulering, betennelse, overdreven ekstracellulær matrix innskudd, nekrose og eventuell funksjonen tap følger inflammatorisk fornærmelser bidra til bredt spekter av leverskader tilknyttet alkoholfrie fatty leversykdom 16,17,18.
Parallelt med kompromittert WAT og leverfunksjon akkumuleres store arterier lipider i arterieveggen som kroppen gjennomgår kronisk metabolsk stress19. Arterial lipid akkumulering utløser utskillelsen av chemokines av aktivert endotelceller og påfølgende rekruttering av monocytter20. Når rekruttert, monocytter sprer, skille, ingest lipoproteiner og bli skum celler. Atherogenesis er initiert og opprettholdes av pro-inflammatoriske aktiviteten rekruttert og vev bosatt lipid-laden makrofager. Succumbing til ekstracellulære og intracellulær stressignaler videreformidlet i denne atherogenic microenvironment, delta disse makrofager deretter i en apoptotisk signalering cascade. Som disse skum cellene dør, bidrar lipid fylt innholdet til nekrotisk kjernen av lesjonen, som så fører til plakk brudd, hjerteinfarkt og hjerneslag.
Kollektivt, orkestrerer heterogeniteten macrophage fenotyper delvis fedme indusert av inflammatoriske endringer observert i dysregulated vev som WAT, lever og aorta8,21. Karakteristikk av rekruttert og vev bosatt makrofager kan gi innsikt i potensielle molekylære mål som manipulere macrophage fenotypen1. Effektivt betegner makrofager fra fedme-indusert betent vev, kan en enkeltcelle suspensjon oppnås gjennom enzymatisk fordøyelsen. Slike dissosiasjon protokollene må være effektiv i tilstrekkelig nedverdigende bindevev samtidig minimere immun celledød og gir optimale celle avkastning. Enzym blandingen er avhengig av vev og dens strukturelle utgjør. Robust vev som aorta krever sterkere enzymatisk aktivitet, i forhold til leveren og WAT, å oppnå vev dissosiasjon. Fra enkelt celle suspensjon, kan vev bosatt makrofager utvetydig preget eller isolert for videre nedstrøms analyser som transcriptional profilering.
Her er en vev-spesifikk protokoll beskrevet som collagenase-avhengige vev fordøyelsen og polykromatisk flowcytometri til å effektivt isolere og karakterisere vev-resident makrofager fra tradisjonelt kosthold indusert fedme, aterosklerose, enkel Steatose og steatohepatitis musen modeller. Samtidige farging av cellen overflate markører med antistoffer mot leukocytter-(CD45 og/eller CD11b) og macrophage - (F4/80) bestemt antigener er ofte brukt til å identifisere macrophage bestander22. Fluorescens-aktivert cellen sortering (FACS) er en kraftig strategi brukes sortere populasjonene identifisert på høy renhetsgrad. Sorterte befolkningen kan deretter bli vurdert for fenotypen bestemte genet profiler som bruker nedstrøms molekylær analyse (for eksempel kvantitative sanntid polymerasekjedereaksjons)23. Selv om standard flowcytometri og flyt cytometri-baserte celle sortering er kraftige verktøy i atskillende makrofager i en svært heterogen celle suspensjon, må tidligere protokollene være optimalisert for å sikre vellykket utgang. I denne studien beskrevet som effektivt isolere og karakterisere levedyktig vev bestemt makrofager; enda viktigere, gir denne studien viktig innsikt i tekniske problemer som ofte oppstår, og proaktiv og feilsøking strategier for å hindre og/eller løses.

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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:321px;">26G x 5/8 in Needles</td>
			<td style="width:151px;">BD</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">305115</td>
			<td style="width:349px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="40">
			<td height="40" style="height:40px;width:321px;">23G x 0.75 in needle x 12 in. tubing Blood Collection Set</td>
			<td style="width:151px;">BD</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">367297</td>
			<td style="width:349px;">Used for cannulation of subhepatic IVC during liver perfusion</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:321px;">21G 1 1/2 in. Needles</td>
			<td style="width:151px;">BD</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">305156</td>
			<td style="width:349px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:321px;">1mL syringe with rubber stops</td>
			<td style="width:151px;">BD</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">309659</td>
			<td style="width:349px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:321px;">10mL Syringes</td>
			<td style="width:151px;">BD</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">309604</td>
			<td style="width:349px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:321px;">1mL Syringe</td>
			<td style="width:151px;">BD</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">309659</td>
			<td style="width:349px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:321px;">F4/80 PE</td>
			<td style="width:151px;">Biolegend</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">123110</td>
			<td style="width:349px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:321px;">CD11c PE/Cy7</td>
			<td style="width:151px;">Biolegend</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">117318</td>
			<td style="width:349px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:321px;">CD11b PE/Cy5</td>
			<td style="width:151px;">eBioscience</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">15-0112-81</td>
			<td style="width:349px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:321px;">Anti-mouse CD16/32 Fc Block&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:151px;">Biolegend</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">101320</td>
			<td style="width:349px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:321px;">CD45 Pacific Blue</td>
			<td style="width:151px;">Biolegend</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">103126</td>
			<td style="width:349px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:321px;">PE Rat IgG2a</td>
			<td style="width:151px;">Biolegend</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">400508</td>
			<td style="width:349px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:321px;">PE/Cy7 Armenian Hamster IgG</td>
			<td style="width:151px;">Biolegend</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">400922</td>
			<td style="width:349px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:321px;">PE/Cy5 Rat IgG2b</td>
			<td style="width:151px;">Biolegend</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">400610</td>
			<td style="width:349px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:321px;">Pacific Blue Rat IgG2c</td>
			<td style="width:151px;">Biolegend</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">400717</td>
			<td style="width:349px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:321px;">Dulbecco&#8217;s Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM)&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:151px;">Cellgro</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">15-017-CV</td>
			<td style="width:349px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:321px;">1X Phosphate Buffered Saline (PBS)</td>
			<td style="width:151px;">Cellgro</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">21-031-CV</td>
			<td style="width:349px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:321px;">70 micron cell strainers</td>
			<td style="width:151px;">Corning, Inc.</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">352350</td>
			<td style="width:349px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:321px;">&#160;1.7 mL microcentrifuge tube&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:151px;">Denville</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">C2170</td>
			<td style="width:349px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="40">
			<td height="40" style="height:40px;width:321px;">Paraformaldehyde Aqueous Solution -16X</td>
			<td style="width:151px;">Electron Microscopy Sciences</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">CAS #30525-89-4</td>
			<td style="width:349px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="40">
			<td height="40" style="height:40px;width:321px;">Micro Dissecting Scissors, 3.5 inch, Straight, 23mm, Sharp&#160;</td>
			<td>Stoelting</td>
			<td>52132-10P</td>
			<td style="width:349px;">Used for general dissecting purposes</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Micro Forceps, 4in, full curve, 0.8mm</td>
			<td>Stoelting</td>
			<td>52102-37P&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:349px;">Used for general dissecting purposes</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:321px;">Spring dissection scissors &#8211; 3 mm Cutting edge&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:151px;">Fine Science Tool</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">15000-10</td>
			<td style="width:349px;">Used for aorta dissection Steps 1.3.3.17 to 1.3.3.28</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:321px;">Curved 0.07 x 0.04 mm Tip Forceps&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:151px;">Fine Science Tool</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">11297-10</td>
			<td style="width:349px;">Used for aorta dissection Steps 1.3.3.17 to 1.3.3.28</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:321px;">Hemostatic Forceps (Curved)</td>
			<td style="width:151px;">Fine Science Tool</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">13021-12</td>
			<td style="width:349px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:321px;">Heparin Sodium Salt</td>
			<td style="width:151px;">Fischer Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">9041-08-1</td>
			<td style="width:349px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="25">
			<td height="25" style="height:25px;width:321px;">35mm Cell Culture/Petri Dishes</td>
			<td style="width:151px;">Fischer Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">12-565-90</td>
			<td style="width:349px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:321px;">Polystyrene Petri Dishes (10 cm) w/lid</td>
			<td style="width:151px;">Fischer Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">08-757-100D</td>
			<td style="width:349px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:321px;">15mL Conical Centrifuge Tubes (Polypropylene)</td>
			<td style="width:151px;">Fischer Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">14-959-53A</td>
			<td style="width:349px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:321px;">50mL Conical Centrifuge Tubes&#160;(Polypropylene)</td>
			<td style="width:151px;">Fischer Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">14-432-22</td>
			<td style="width:349px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:321px;">5mL Round-Bottom Polystyrene Tubes&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:151px;">Fischer Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">14-959-5</td>
			<td style="width:349px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:321px;">Fetal Bovine Serum</td>
			<td style="width:151px;">Gemini Bio-Products</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">100-106</td>
			<td style="width:349px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="23">
			<td height="23" style="height:23px;width:321px;">Ethanol (Stock Ethyl Alcohol Denatured, Anyhydrous)</td>
			<td style="width:151px;">Millipore</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">EX0285-1</td>
			<td style="width:349px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:321px;">Bovine Serum Albumin</td>
			<td style="width:151px;">Rockland</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">BSA-50</td>
			<td style="width:349px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:321px;">HEPES</td>
			<td style="width:151px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">H3375</td>
			<td style="width:349px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:321px;">Collagenase Type II</td>
			<td style="width:151px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">C6885</td>
			<td style="width:349px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:321px;">Collagenasse Type XI</td>
			<td style="width:151px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">C7657</td>
			<td style="width:349px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:321px;">Hyaluronidase Type I</td>
			<td style="width:151px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">H3506</td>
			<td style="width:349px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:321px;">DNAse</td>
			<td style="width:151px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">DN25</td>
			<td style="width:349px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:321px;">Collagenase Type I</td>
			<td style="width:151px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">C0130</td>
			<td style="width:349px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:321px;">NaOH</td>
			<td style="width:151px;">Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">1310-73-2&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:349px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="24">
			<td height="24" style="height:24px;width:321px;">CaCl2</td>
			<td style="width:151px;">Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">449709-10G</td>
			<td style="width:349px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:321px;">500mL beaker&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:151px;">Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">02-540M</td>
			<td style="width:349px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:321px;">4 cm Hemostatic clamp</td>
			<td style="width:151px;">Stoelting</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">52120-40</td>
			<td style="width:349px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:321px;">Toothed forceps</td>
			<td style="width:151px;">Stoelting</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">52104-33P</td>
			<td style="width:349px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:321px;">50 micron Disposable filters</td>
			<td style="width:151px;">Systemex</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">04-0042-2317</td>
			<td style="width:349px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="40">
			<td height="40" style="height:40px;width:321px;">Collagenase Type IV</td>
			<td style="width:151px;">ThermoFischer Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">17104019</td>
			<td style="width:349px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="40">
			<td height="40" style="height:40px;width:321px;">Ammonium Chloride Potassium (ACK)</td>
			<td style="width:151px;">ThermoFischer Scientific&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">A1049201</td>
			<td style="width:349px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:321px;">Razors (0.22 mm (0.009&#34;))</td>
			<td style="width:151px;">VWR International</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">55411-050</td>
			<td style="width:349px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:321px;">Texas Red Live/Dead stain</td>
			<td style="width:151px;"></td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td style="width:349px;">Red viability stain (in Figure 1A)</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

isolation, characterization, and purification of macrophages from tissues affected by obesity-related inflammation

Fedme fremmer en kronisk inflammatorisk stat som er i stor grad formidlet av vev-resident makrofager samt monocytt-avledet makrofager. Diett-indusert fedme (DIO) er en verdifull modell studere rollen macrophage heterogenitet; tilstrekkelig macrophage isolasjoner er imidlertid vanskelig å skaffe fra betent vev. I denne protokollen skissere vi isolasjon trinnene og nødvendig retningslinjer for feilsøking avledet fra våre studier for å få en passende befolkning på vev-resident makrofager fra mus etter 18 uker høy fett (HFD) eller høy-fett/høy-kolesterol ( HFHCD) kosthold intervensjon. Denne protokollen fokuserer på tre hallmark vev i fedme og åreforkalkning inkludert leveren og hvite liggende under adipose vev (WAT) aorta. Vi markere hvor dualistiske bruk av cytometri kan oppnå en ny dimensjon av isolering og karakterisering av vev-resident makrofager. En grunnleggende del av denne protokollen adresser vanskelighetene underliggende vev-spesifikke enzymatisk digestions og macrophage isolasjon og påfølgende celle-overflate antistoff flekker for flyt cytometric analyse. Denne protokollen adresser eksisterende kompleksiteten underliggende fluorescerende-aktivert celle sortering (FACS) og presenterer avklaringer til disse kompleksiteten for bredt spekter karakterisering fra tilstrekkelig sorterte celle populasjoner. Alternative berikelse metoder er inkludert for sortering celler, for eksempel tett leveren, gir fleksibilitet og tid når du arbeider med FACS. I korthet, denne protokollen hjelpemidler forskeren evaluere macrophage heterogenitet fra en rekke betent vev i en gitt studie og tilbyr innsiktsfulle feilsøkingstips som har vært vellykket for gunstige mobilnettet isolering og karakterisering av immunceller i DIO-mediert betennelse.

Når du bruker apolipoprotein E mangelfull (ApoE KO) C57BL/6 (BL6) mus vedlikeholdes på en høy fett høyt kolesterol diett (HCHFD eller HCD) i 18 uker, 1 x 104 - 2 x 104 CD45+F4/80+ aorta makrofager kan isoleres når to prøvene samlet. Lever dissekert fra HFHCD-matet ApoE KO mus, produsert større enn 5 x 105 sortert Kupffer celler (som avhenger av tilgjengelig sortering tid). Når benytter høy fett diett (HFD) matet vill type (WT...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Isolation, Characterization, and Purification of Macrophages from Tissues Affected by Obesity-related Inflammation at JoVE.com

Isolation, Characterization, and Purification of Macrophages from Tissues Affected by Obesity-related Inflammation

Denne protokollen tillater forsker å isolere og karakterisere vev-resident makrofager i ulike hallmark betent vev utvunnet fra kosthold-indusert modeller av metabolske forstyrrelser.

Isolering og karakterisering rensing av makrofager fra vev av fedme-relaterte betennelse

Obesity promotes a chronic inflammatory state that is largely mediated by tissue-resident macrophages as well as monocyte-derived macrophages. ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Immunology and Infection

Isolation and Characterization of Dendritic Cells and Macrophages from the Mouse Intestine

Isolering og karakterisering av dendrittiske celler og makrofager fra musen Intestine

Within the intestine reside unique populations of innate and adaptive immune cells that are involved in promoting tolerance towards commensal flora and ...

Proteomic Profiling of Macrophages by 2D Electrophoresis

Proteomikk Profilering av Makrofager av 2D elektroforese

The goal of the two-dimensional (2D) electrophoresis protocol described here is to show how to analyse the phenotype of human cultured macrophages. The ...

Isolation of Leukocytes from the Murine Tissues at the Maternal-Fetal Interface

Isolering av leukocyttene fra Murine Vev på Maternal Fetal Interface

Immune tolerance in pregnancy requires that the immune system of the mother undergoes distinctive changes in order to accept and nurture the developing ...

An Optimized Method for Isolating and Expanding Invariant Natural Killer T Cells from Mouse Spleen

En optimalisert metode for å isolere og utvide Invariant Natural Killer T-celler fra mus Spleen

The ability to rapidly secrete cytokines upon stimulation is a functional characteristic of the invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cell lineage. iNKT cells ...

Isolation, Characterization and Functional Examination of the Gingival Immune Cell Network

Isolasjon, karakterisering og Funksjonell Undersøkelse av Gingival immun Cell Network

Immune cell networks in tissues play a vital role in mediating local immunity and maintaining tissue homeostasis, yet little is known of the resident ...

Functional Characterization of Regulatory Macrophages That Inhibit Graft-reactive Immunity

Funksjonell karakterisering av regulatoriske makrofager som hemmer graft-reaktiv immunitet

Macrophage accumulation in transplanted organs has long been recognized as a feature of allograft rejection1. Immunogenic monocytes infiltrate the ...

Phenotypic Characterization of Macrophages from Rat Kidney by Flow Cytometry

Fenotypisk Karakterisering av makrofager fra Rat Nyre ved flowcytometri

There is increasing evidence suggesting the important role of inflammation and, subsequently, macrophages in the development and progression of renal ...

Analysis of Microglia and Monocyte-derived Macrophages from the Central Nervous System by Flow Cytometry

Analyse av mikroglia og monocyt-avledede makrofager fra sentralnervesystemet ved hjelp av flytcytometri

Numerous studies have demonstrated the role of immune cells, in particular macrophages, in central nervous system (CNS) pathologies. There are two main ...

Isolation of Salmonella typhimurium-containing Phagosomes from Macrophages

Isolation of Salmonella typhimurium-containing Phagosomes from Macrophages

Isolasjon av Salmonella typhimurium-som inneholder Phagosomes fra makrofager

Salmonella typhimurium is a facultative intracellular bacterium that causes gastroenteritis in humans. After invasion of the lamina propria, S. ...

Isolation and Characterization of Extracellular Vesicles from Adult Schistosoma japonicum

Isolation and Characterization of Extracellular Vesicles from Adult Schistosoma japonicum

Isolering og karakterisering av ekstracellulære blemmer fra voksen Schistosoma japonicum

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membranous vesicles released by a variety of cells into the extracellular microenvironment. EVs represent a population of ...