Name: automated contraction analysis of human engineered heart tissue for cardiac drug safety screening
Uploaded: 2017-04-15T13:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Automated Contraction Analysis of Human Engineered Heart Tissue for Cardiac Drug Safety Screening at JoVE.com

Forfatterne er taknemmelige for Alessandra Moretti og Dennis Schade for deres venlige bidrag materiale. Vi anerkender den store støtte fra iPS og EHT arbejdsgruppe på Institut for Eksperimentel Farmakologi og Toksikologi af UKE. Arbejdet af forfatterne er støttet af tilskud fra DZHK (tysk Center for Cardiovascular Research) og det tyske Uddannelse og Forskning (BMBF), den tyske Research Foundation (DFG Es 88 / 12-1, HA 3423 / 5-1 ), British National center for udskiftning Refinement &amp; Reduktion af dyr til forskning (NC3Rs CRACK-IT bevilge 35.911-259.146), British Heart Foundation RM / 13/30157, det Europæiske Forskningsråd (Advanced Grant IndivuHeart), den tyske Hjerteforeningen og Freie und Hansestadt Hamburg.

BEMÆRK: De følgende trin beskriver en cellekultur protokol. Zoom udføre under sterile betingelser og anvende forvarmet medier. 1. Cardiac Differentiering af hiPSC <ol><li> Dyrk den hiPSC <ol><li> Coat plader med 6 brønde (1 ml / brønd) eller T75-kolber (7 ml / kolbe) med reduceret vækstfaktor basalmembranmatrix (fx geltrex, 1: 200; se tabel af materialer) fortyndet i Dulbeccos modificerede Eagle-medium (DMEM) til 30 minutter ved 37 ° C. Forberede FTDA stof ...

<ol>
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J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Small+molecule+absorption+by+PDMS+in+the+context+of+drug+response+bioassays.">Small molecule absorption by PDMS in the context of drug response bioassays.</a> Biochem Biophysl Res Commun. , (2016).</li><li>Godier-Furn&#233;mont, A. F. G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Physiologic+force-frequency+response+in+engineered+heart+muscle+by+electromechanical+stimulation.">Physiologic force-frequency response in engineered heart muscle by electromechanical stimulation.</a> Biomaterials. 60, 82-91 (2015).</li><li>Eng, G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Autonomous+beating+rate+adaptation+in+human+stem+cell-derived+cardiomyocytes.">Autonomous beating rate adaptation in human stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes.</a> Nat Commun. 7, 10312 (2016).</li><li>Huebsch, N. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Miniaturized+iPS-Cell-Derived+Cardiac+Muscles+for+Physiologically+Relevant+Drug+Response+Analyses.">Miniaturized iPS-Cell-Derived Cardiac Muscles for Physiologically Relevant Drug Response Analyses.</a> Sci Rep. 6 (24726), 1-12 (2016).</li><li>Masumoto, H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+myocardial+regenerative+potential+of+three-dimensional+engineered+cardiac+tissues+composed+of+multiple+human+iPS+cell-derived+cardiovascular+cell+lineages.">The myocardial regenerative potential of three-dimensional engineered cardiac tissues composed of multiple human iPS cell-derived cardiovascular cell lineages.</a> Sci Rep. 6 (29933), 1-10 (2016).</li><li>Ravenscroft, S. M., Pointon, A., Williams, A. W., Cross, M. J., Sidaway, J. E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Cardiac+Non-myocyte+Cells+Show+Enhanced+Pharmacological+Function+Suggestive+of+Contractile+Maturity+in+Stem+Cell+Derived+Cardiomyocyte+Microtissues.">Cardiac Non-myocyte Cells Show Enhanced Pharmacological Function Suggestive of Contractile Maturity in Stem Cell Derived Cardiomyocyte Microtissues.</a> Toxicol Sci. 152 (1), 99-112 (2016).</li><li>Zhang, J. H., Chung, T. D. Y., Oldenbutg, K. R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+Simple+Statistical+Parameter+for+Use+in+Evaluation+and+Validation+of+High+Throughput+Screening+Assays.">A Simple Statistical Parameter for Use in Evaluation and Validation of High Throughput Screening Assays.</a> J Biomol Screen. 4 (2), 67-73 (1999).</li><li>Vandenburgh, H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Durg-screening+platform+based+on+the+contractility+of+tissue-engineered+muscle.">Durg-screening platform based on the contractility of tissue-engineered muscle.</a> Muscle Nerve. 37 (4), 438-447 (2008).</li></ol>

Udviklet hjerte væv giver en værdifuld mulighed for at værktøjskasse af hjerte-kar-forskning. EHTs i 24-brønds format har vist værdifulde til sygdom modellering 8, 14, lægemiddelsikkerhed screening 7, 8, 10, 11, 15, eller basisk kardiovaskulær forskning 16, <...

Hjertesygdomme bivirkninger såsom narkotika-induceret langt QT-syndrom har ført til tilbagekøb fra markedet i løbet af de seneste år. Statistikker viser, at omkring 45% af alle udbetalinger skyldes uønskede virkninger på det kardiovaskulære system 1. Dette stof fiasko efter den dyre udviklingsmæssige proces og godkendelse er det værst tænkelige scenario for farmaceutiske virksomheder. Forsknings- og udviklingsafdelinger derfor fokus på at påvisning af sådanne uønskede kardiovaskulære virkninger tidligt. Af økonomiske og etiske overvejelser, bestræbelser på at reducere dyreforsøg og erstatte dem med nye in vitro screening-assays er i gang. Et sæt af etablerede analyser indgår i USA Food and Drug Administration (FDA) og Det Europæiske Lægemiddelagentur (EMA) retningslinjer for præklinisk evaluering af proarytmiske lægemiddelvirkninger 2. Teknologien til omprogrammering somatiske celler efterfulgt af differentiering afhumane inducerede pluripotente stamceller (hiPSC) boostet dette forskningsområde 3. Det giver nu mulighed for at screene nye lægemiddelkandidater på humane cardiomyocytter in vitro og undgår problemer med mellem arterne forskelle. Seneste hjertedifferentiering protokoller 4, 5 tilvejebringer ubegrænset forsyning af cardiomyocytter uden etiske bekymring. Imidlertid målingen af kontraktile kraft, den vigtigste og bedst karakteriserede in vivo parameter af cardiomyocytter, er ikke veletableret. Dette er relateret til den relative umodenhed 6 af menneskelige inducerede pluripotente stamcelleafledte cardiomyocytter (hiPSC-CM) sammenlignet med den voksne cardiomyocyte. En mulig fremføring er at konstruere 3-dimensional hjertevæv fra enkeltceller 7 (manipuleret hjertevævsprøver, EHT). EHT Protokollen er baseret på indlejring enkelt murine eller humane cardiomyocytter 8 </sup&gt;, 9, 10 i fibrin hydrogel mellem to fleksible polydimethylsiloxan (PDMS) stillinger 11 i 24-brønds format. Inden for få dage de cardiomyocytter begynder at trække sig sammen spontant som enkelte celler og begynde at danne mobilnetværk. Efter 7-10 dage, makroskopiske sammentrækninger af hele væv er synlige. Under denne proces den ekstracellulære matrix er ombygget, hvilket fører til et fald i diameter og længde. Afkortningen af ​​EHT resulterer i bøjning af PDMS skrive selv under hvile, udsættelse cardiomyocytter i udviklingslandene EHT til kontinuerlig belastning. EHTs fortsat udføre auxotonic muskelsammentrækninger over flere uger. Humane EHTs viser reaktioner på fysiologisk og farmakologisk stimulering indikerer deres egnethed til lægemiddelscreening og sygdom modellering 7. I dette manuskript præsenterer vi en robust og let protokol for de Generatipå menneskers EHT, og den automatiserede kontraktilitet analyse af koncentrationsafhængige ændringer af sammentrækning mønster i nærvær af hERG kanal inhibitorer.

<table border="1" fo:keep-together.within-page="1" fo:keep-with-next.within-page="always">
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>EHT analysis intrument</td>
			<td>EHT Technologies GmbH</td>
			<td>A0001</td>
			<td>Software is included</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>EHT PDMS rack</td>
			<td>EHT Technologies GmbH</td>
			<td>C0001</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>EHT PTFE spacer</td>
			<td>EHT Technologies GmbH</td>
			<td>C0002</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>EHT electrode</td>
			<td>EHT Technologies GmbH</td>
			<td>P0001</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>EHT pacing adapter/cable</td>
			<td>EHT Technologies GmbH</td>
			<td>P0002</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>24-well-plate</td>
			<td>Nunc</td>
			<td>144530</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>6 well-cell culture plate</td>
			<td>Nunc</td>
			<td>140675</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>15 ml falcon tube, graduated&#160;</td>
			<td>Sarstedt</td>
			<td>62,554,502</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Cell scraper</td>
			<td>Sarstedt</td>
			<td>831,830</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Spinner flask</td>
			<td>Integra</td>
			<td>182 101</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Stirrer Variomag/ Cimarec Biosystem Direct&#160;</td>
			<td>Thermo scientific</td>
			<td>70101</td>
			<td>Adjust rotor speed to 40 rpm</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>T175 cell culture flask&#160;</td>
			<td>Sarstedt&#160;</td>
			<td>831,812,002</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>V-shaped sedimentation rack&#160;</td>
			<td>Custom made at UKE Hamburg</td>
			<td>na</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>10&#215; DMEM</td>
			<td>Gibco</td>
			<td>52100</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>1-Thioglycerol&#160;</td>
			<td>Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td>M6145</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>2-Phospho-L-ascorbic acid trisodium salt</td>
			<td>Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td>49752</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Activin-A&#160;</td>
			<td>R&#38;D systems</td>
			<td>338-AC</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Agarose&#160;</td>
			<td>Invitrogen</td>
			<td>15510-019</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Aprotinin</td>
			<td>Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td>A1153</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Aqua ad injectabilia</td>
			<td>Baxter GmbH</td>
			<td>1428</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>B27 PLUS insulin&#160;</td>
			<td>Gibco</td>
			<td>17504-044</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>BMP-4</td>
			<td>R&#38;D systems</td>
			<td>314-BP</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Collagenase II&#160;</td>
			<td>Worthington</td>
			<td>LS004176</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>DMEM</td>
			<td>Biochrom</td>
			<td>F0415</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>DMSO&#160;</td>
			<td>Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td>D4540</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>DNase II, type V (from bovine spleen)</td>
			<td>Sigma&#160;</td>
			<td>D8764</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Dorsomorphin&#160;</td>
			<td>abcam</td>
			<td>ab120843</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>EDTA&#160;</td>
			<td>Roth</td>
			<td>8043.2</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Fetal calf serum</td>
			<td>Gibco</td>
			<td>10437028</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>FGF2</td>
			<td>Miltenyi Biotec</td>
			<td>130-104-921</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Fibrinogen (bovine)</td>
			<td>Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td>F8630</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Geltrex&#160;</td>
			<td>Gibco</td>
			<td>A1413302</td>
			<td>For coating: 1:200 dilution</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>HBSS w/o Ca2+/Mg2+&#160;</td>
			<td>Gibco</td>
			<td>14175-053</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>HEPES&#160;</td>
			<td>Roth</td>
			<td>9105.4</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Horse serum</td>
			<td>Life technologies</td>
			<td>26050088</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Human serum albumin&#160;</td>
			<td>Biological Industries</td>
			<td>05-720-1B</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Insulin, human</td>
			<td>Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td>I9278</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>L-Glutamin</td>
			<td>Gibco</td>
			<td>25030-024</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Lipidmix&#160;</td>
			<td>Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td>L5146</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Matrigel</td>
			<td>BD Biosciences</td>
			<td>354234</td>
			<td>For EHT reconsitutionmix.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>N-Benzyl-p-Toluenesulfonamide</td>
			<td>TCI</td>
			<td>B3082-25G</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>PBS w/o MgCl2/CaCl2</td>
			<td>Biochrom</td>
			<td>14190</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Penicillin/Streptomycin</td>
			<td>Gibco</td>
			<td>15140</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Pluronic F-127&#160;</td>
			<td>Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td>P2443</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Polyvinyl alcohol&#160;</td>
			<td>Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td>P8136</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>RPMI 1640&#160;</td>
			<td>Gibco</td>
			<td>21875</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Sodium selenite</td>
			<td>Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td>S5261</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>TGF&#223;1</td>
			<td>Peprotech</td>
			<td>100-21</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Thrombin</td>
			<td>Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td>T7513</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Transferrin&#160;</td>
			<td>Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td>T8158</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Y-27632</td>
			<td>Biorbyt</td>
			<td>orb6014</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>hiPSC</td>
			<td>Custom made at UKE hamburg</td>
			<td>na</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>iCell cardiomyocytes kit</td>
			<td>Cellular Dynamics International</td>
			<td>CMC-100-010-001</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Pluricyte cardiomyocyte kit</td>
			<td>Pluriomics</td>
			<td>PCK-1.5</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Cor.4U - HiPSC cardiomyocytes kit</td>
			<td>Axiogenesis AG</td>
			<td>Ax-C-HC02-FR3</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Cellartis cardiomyocytes</td>
			<td>Takara Bio USA, Inc.</td>
			<td>Y10075</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

automated contraction analysis of human engineered heart tissue for cardiac drug safety screening

Hjertevæv engineering beskriver teknikker til at udgøre tredimensionelle kraftgenererende manipuleret væv. Med henblik på gennemførelsen af ​​disse procedurer i grundforskning og præklinisk lægemiddeludvikling, er det vigtigt at udvikle protokoller for automatiseret generering og analyse under standardiserede forhold. Her præsenteres en teknik til at generere manipuleret hjertevæv (EHT) fra cardiomyocytter af forskellige arter (rotte, mus, menneske). Teknikken beror på konstruktionen af ​​en fibrin-gel indeholdende dissocierede cardiomyocytter mellem elastisk polydimethylsiloxan (PDMS) stillinger i en 24-brønds format. Tre-dimensionelle, kraftgenererende EHTs udgør inden for to uger efter støbning. Denne procedure giver mulighed for generering af flere hundrede EHTs om ugen og er teknisk kun begrænset af tilgængeligheden af cardiomyocytter (0,4-1,0 x 10 6 / EHT). Evaluering af auxotonic muskelsammentrækninger udføres i en modificeret rugekammeret med en mechanical interlock i 24-brønds plader og et kamera placeret på toppen af ​​dette kammer. En software styrer et kamera flyttede et XYZ akse system til hver EHT. EHT kontraktioner detekteres ved en automatiseret figur anerkendelse algoritme, og kraft er beregnet baseret på afkortning af EHT og det elastiske tilbøjelighed og geometrien af ​​PDMS stillinger. Denne procedure giver mulighed for automatiseret analyse af høje antal af EHT under standardiserede og sterile betingelser. Den pålidelig detektering af narkotika effekter på cardiomyocyte sammentrækning er afgørende for hjerte-lægemiddeludvikling og sikkerhed farmakologi. Vi viser, med eksemplet med hERG kanal inhibitor E-4031, at det humane EHT systemet replikater drug svar på sammentrækning kinetik det menneskelige hjerte, hvilket indikerer, at det er et lovende redskab til hjerte- lægemiddelsikkerhed screening.

Cardiac Differentiering og Fremstilling af EHT HiPSC blev ekspanderet på reduceret vækstfaktor basalmembranmatrix, dissocieret med EDTA og embryoide legemer (EBS) dannet i spinnerkolber natten over. Efter mesodermal induktion til tre dage blev hjertedifferentiering initieret med Wnt inhibitoren. Efter ~ 17 dages differentiering protokol blev bankende EB&#39;er dissocieres i enkeltceller med collagenase type II (figur 1)...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Automated Contraction Analysis of Human Engineered Heart Tissue for Cardiac Drug Safety Screening at JoVE.com

Automated Contraction Analysis of Human Engineered Heart Tissue for Cardiac Drug Safety Screening

Her viser vi genereringen af ​​human manipuleret hjertevæv fra inducerede pluripotente stamceller (hiPSC) afledt cardiomyocytter. Vi præsenterer en metode til at analysere kontraktionskraft og eksemplarisk ændring af sammentrækning mønster af hERG kanal inhibitor E-4031. Denne metode viser høj grad af robusthed og egnethed til hjerte- lægemiddelscreening.

Automatiseret Sammentrækning Analyse af humant Engineered Heart Væv til Cardiac Drug Safety Screening

Cardiac tissue engineering describes techniques to constitute three dimensional force-generating engineered tissues. For the implementation of these ...

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Unit 1

Cardiovascular Drugs: Antiarrhythmic and Heart Failure Drugs

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Bioluminescence Imaging for Assessment of Immune Responses Following Implantation of Engineered Heart Tissue (EHT)

Bioluminescence Imaging for Assessment of Immune Responses Following Implantation of Engineered Heart Tissue EHT

Various techniques of cardiac tissue engineering have been pursued in the past decades including scaffolding strategies using either native or ...

Self-reporting Scaffolds for 3-Dimensional Cell Culture

Selvrapportering Stilladser for 3-Dimensional Cell Culture

Culturing cells in 3D on appropriate scaffolds is thought to better mimic the in vivo microenvironment and increase cell-cell interactions. The resulting ...

Analysis of Tubular Membrane Networks in Cardiac Myocytes from Atria and Ventricles

Analyse af Tubular Membrane Networks i hjertemyocytter fra Atria og hjertekamre

In cardiac myocytes a complex network of membrane tubules - the transverse-axial tubule system (TATS) - controls deep intracellular signaling functions. ...

Hollow Fiber Bioreactors for In Vivo-like Mammalian Tissue Culture

Hollow Fiber Bioreactors for In Vivo-like Mammalian Tissue Culture

Hul fiber Bioreaktorer for<em&gt; In vivo</em&gt; -lignende Pattedyr Tissue Culture

Tissue culture has been used for over 100 years to study cells and responses ex vivo. The convention of this technique is the growth of anchorage ...

Construction of Defined Human Engineered Cardiac Tissues to Study Mechanisms of Cardiac Cell Therapy

Konstruktion af Defineret Humane Engineered hjertevæv at studere Mekanismer for Cardiac Cell Therapy

Human cardiac tissue engineering can fundamentally impact therapeutic discovery through the development of new species-specific screening systems that ...

A Combined 3D Tissue Engineered In Vitro/In Silico Lung Tumor Model for Predicting Drug Effectiveness in Specific Mutational Backgrounds

A Combined 3D Tissue Engineered In Vitro/In Silico Lung Tumor Model for Predicting Drug Effectiveness in Specific Mutational Backgrounds

En kombineret 3D manipuleret væv<em&gt; In vitro</em&gt; /<em&gt; I Silico</em&gt; Lunge Tumor Model for Forudsigelse Drug Effektivitet i specifikke mutations baggrunde

In the present study, we combined an in vitro 3D lung tumor model with an in silico model to optimize predictions of drug response based on a specific ...

Neonatal Cardiac Scaffolds: Novel Matrices for Regenerative Studies

Neonatal Cardiac Stilladser: Nye Matricer til regenerativ Studies

The only definitive therapy for end stage heart failure is orthotopic heart transplantation.  Each year, it is estimated that more than 100,000 donor ...

Use of High-Throughput Automated Microbioreactor System for Production of Model IgG1 in CHO Cells

Brug af høj overførselshastighed automatiseret Microbioreactor System for produktion af Model IgG1 i CHO celler

Automated microscale bioreactors (15 mL) can be a useful tool for cell culture engineers. They facilitate the simultaneous execution of a wide variety of ...

Preparation of Mesh-Shaped Engineered Cardiac Tissues Derived from Human iPS Cells for In Vivo Myocardial Repair

Forberedelse af mesh-formet manipuleret hjertevæv stammer fra humane iPS-celler til In Vivo Myokardiereparation

The current protocol describes methods to generate scalable, mesh-shaped engineered cardiac tissues (ECTs) composed of cardiovascular cells derived from ...

Cardiac Spheroids as in vitro Bioengineered Heart Tissues to Study Human Heart Pathophysiology

Cardiac Sfæroider som in vitro Bioengineered hjertevæv at studere Human Heart Patofysiologi

Despite several advances in cardiac tissue engineering, one of the major challenges to overcome remains the generation of a fully functional vascular ...