Name: precision-cut mouse lung slices to visualize live pulmonary dendritic cells
Uploaded: 2017-04-05T15:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Precision-cut Mouse Lung Slices to Visualize Live Pulmonary Dendritic Cells at JoVE.com

我们感谢杰夫·塔克，埃丽卡·斯卡皮尼，和阿格奈什·贾诺沙齐他们用显微镜的帮助下，利贡·佩罗她的鼠标殖民地的管理，朱·切和迈克尔·山德森与组织切片机的帮助下，和迈克尔·费斯勒和德里克该隐的批判性阅读手稿。这项工作是由NIEHS，美国国立卫生研究院（ZIA ES102025-09），后者又由卫生和人类服务部赞助的校内分行资助。

本文中所描述的动物实验过程由NIEHS动物护理和使用委员会（IACUC）的批准。 1.肺制备<ol><li> 6和12周龄无特定病原体条件之间家鼠按照机构动物护理和使用委员会提供的指导原则。 注：成像小鼠可以是天真的，或经处理的，这取决于每个研究人员的具体利益。在这里，我们描述了在天真的小鼠和在用100μg卵清蛋白（OVA）和0.1微克的脂多糖（LPS）处理的小鼠中的免疫细胞?...

<ol>
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S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+major+lung+CD103+(alphaE)-beta7+integrin-positive+epithelial+dendritic+cell+population+expressing+Langerin+and+tight+junction+proteins.">A major lung CD103 (alphaE)-beta7 integrin-positive epithelial dendritic cell population expressing Langerin and tight junction proteins.</a> J Immunol. 176 (4), 2161-2172 (2006).</li><li>Steinman, R. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Lasker+Basic+Medical+Research+Award.+Dendritic+cells:+versatile+controllers+of+the+immune+system.">Lasker Basic Medical Research Award. 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J., Brendel, K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Precision-cut+tissue+slices:+applications+in+pharmacology+and+toxicology.">Precision-cut tissue slices: applications in pharmacology and toxicology.</a> Life Sci. 57 (21), 1887-1901 (1995).</li><li>Bergner, A., Sanderson, M. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=ATP+stimulates+Ca2++oscillations+and+contraction+in+airway+smooth+muscle+cells+of+mouse+lung+slices.">ATP stimulates Ca2+ oscillations and contraction in airway smooth muscle cells of mouse lung slices.</a> Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol. 283 (6), L1271-L1279 (2002).</li><li>Martin, C., Uhlig, S., Ullrich, V. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Videomicroscopy+of+methacholine-induced+contraction+of+individual+airways+in+precision-cut+lung+slices.">Videomicroscopy of methacholine-induced contraction of individual airways in precision-cut lung slices.</a> Eur Respir J. 9 (12), 2479-2487 (1996).</li><li>Henjakovic, M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Ex+vivo+testing+of+immune+responses+in+precision-cut+lung+slices.">Ex vivo testing of immune responses in precision-cut lung slices.</a> Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 231 (1), 68-76 (2008).</li><li>Henjakovic, M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Ex+vivo+lung+function+measurements+in+precision-cut+lung+slices+(PCLS)+from+chemical+allergen-sensitized+mice+represent+a+suitable+alternative+to+in+vivo+studies.">Ex vivo lung function measurements in precision-cut lung slices (PCLS) from chemical allergen-sensitized mice represent a suitable alternative to in vivo studies.</a> Toxicol Sci. 106 (2), 444-453 (2008).</li><li>Paddenberg, R., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Hypoxic+vasoconstriction+of+partial+muscular+intra-acinar+pulmonary+arteries+in+murine+precision+cut+lung+slices.">Hypoxic vasoconstriction of partial muscular intra-acinar pulmonary arteries in murine precision cut lung slices.</a> Respir Res. 7, 93 (2006).</li><li>Wilson, R. H., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Allergic+sensitization+through+the+airway+primes+Th17-dependent+neutrophilia+and+airway+hyperresponsiveness.">Allergic sensitization through the airway primes Th17-dependent neutrophilia and airway hyperresponsiveness.</a> Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 180 (8), 720-730 (2009).</li><li>Schlitzer, A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Identification+of+cDC1-+and+cDC2-committed+DC+progenitors+reveals+early+lineage+priming+at+the+common+DC+progenitor+stage+in+the+bone+marrow.">Identification of cDC1- and cDC2-committed DC progenitors reveals early lineage priming at the common DC progenitor stage in the bone marrow.</a> Nat Immunol. 16 (7), 718-728 (2015).</li><li>Baluk, P., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Preferential+lymphatic+growth+in+bronchus-associated+lymphoid+tissue+in+sustained+lung+inflammation.">Preferential lymphatic growth in bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue in sustained lung inflammation.</a> Am J Pathol. 184 (5), 1577-1592 (2014).</li><li>Jurisic, G., Iolyeva, M., Proulx, S. T., Halin, C., Detmar, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Thymus+cell+antigen+1+(Thy1,+CD90)+is+expressed+by+lymphatic+vessels+and+mediates+cell+adhesion+to+lymphatic+endothelium.">Thymus cell antigen 1 (Thy1, CD90) is expressed by lymphatic vessels and mediates cell adhesion to lymphatic endothelium.</a> Exp Cell Res. 316 (17), 2982-2992 (2010).</li><li>Truman, L. A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=ProxTom+lymphatic+vessel+reporter+mice+reveal+Prox1+expression+in+the+adrenal+medulla,+megakaryocytes,+and+platelets.">ProxTom lymphatic vessel reporter mice reveal Prox1 expression in the adrenal medulla, megakaryocytes, and platelets.</a> Am J Pathol. 180 (4), 1715-1725 (2012).</li><li>Wigle, J. T., Oliver, G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Prox1+function+is+required+for+the+development+of+the+murine+lymphatic+system.">Prox1 function is required for the development of the murine lymphatic system.</a> Cell. 98 (6), 769-778 (1999).</li></ol>

这里描述的协议最初开发可视化肺内疾病预防控制中心两个子集的位置。然而，该协议可以很容易地适合于研究许多不同细胞类型，同时保持细胞活力和肺的三维结构。后者的特征是一个重要的优点在细胞培养系统，并促进稀有细胞类型的标识。该方法依赖于从肺PCLS的产生，和抗体的适当组合，以确定特定的细胞类型，同时最小化背景染色。在很大程度上，这是一个经验的运动，因为，在其他应...

以下促炎性刺激物的吸入，如脂多糖（LPS），有免疫细胞的协调运动成，内，并从肺。例如，嗜中性粒细胞迅速募集至肺实质及气道。此外，被称为常规树突细胞（cDC上）的一些专门的抗原呈递细胞进行相对复杂的迁移模式1，2。 cDC上可以使用流式细胞术来鉴定，部分地基于它们的表面标记的显示，CD11c的上。 DC的不同子集可以通过CD103和CD11b 3的差动表面表达来区分。当获取吸入抗原，一些cDC上退出肺并通过淋巴管迁移到肺引流淋巴结（LN中），其中它们呈现的肽抗原特异性T细胞4。这是在适应性免疫R的起始的关键早期事件esponses。不知什么原因，然而，并非收购吸入抗原所有cDC上离开肺，和许多这些细胞保持在该机构数月5，6。该观察可以通过将这些细胞的发育祖先可以部分地解释，因为单核细胞衍生的CD11c +缺乏趋化因子受体，CCR7的细胞，无法迁移到区域性淋巴结7,8。这很可能是疾病预防控制中心迁移潜力还确定，至少部分地由肺内的解剖位置。然而，在肺cDC上的这些不同的群体的精确定位不是完全表征。免疫细胞定位的肺中，并引导其分子的一种改进的知识，是需要更好地了解肺的免疫系统变得如何激活。 PCLS正在增加LY用来作为显现细胞的定位和细胞-细胞相互作用的离体方法中，同时维持肺结构9，10的结构完整性。 PCLS已用于研究许多物种，包括老鼠，牛，猴，羊，马和人11的肺。该技术的主要优点是，大约20片可以从小鼠肺的单个叶来制备，由此减少所需要的个体实验动物的数量。实际上，所有的免疫细胞类型（包括DC），巨噬细胞，中性粒细胞和T细胞，存在于PCLS和维持其正常结构。 PCLS也可以用来研究钙信号传导与气道和平滑肌细胞收缩与乙酰胆碱12或乙酰甲胆碱13处理之后。在这种方法中，只有肺的一小部分是一个微观alyzed，但一个研究报告指出，在PCLS气管收缩的测量从片仅改变约10％至切片，并且该差异是比得上在完整动物14使用肺功能测试看出。其他研究者使用PCLS作为离体方法用LPS 15温育后，研究在细胞因子的表达和细胞表面标志物的变化。 PCLS也已在小腺泡内动脉缺氧性肺血管收缩的离体模型中使用。这些容器位于不能使用其它的程序，包括从解剖动脉区段或胸膜下的血管16的分析记录到达肺的一部分。我们的实验室已主要用于PCLS可视化在稳定状态中活肺组织免疫细胞定位和以下的体内炎症刺激。这些都是我们的这个发展的过程如下。

<table border="1" fo:keep-together.within-page="1" fo:keep-with-next.within-page="always">
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>C57BL/6J mice</td>
			<td>Jackson Laboratory</td>
			<td>000664</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Prox1-TdTomato transgenic mice&#160;</td>
			<td>Jackson Laboratory</td>
			<td>018128</td>
			<td>B6;129S-Tg(Prox1-tdTomato)12Nrud/J</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>OT-II OVA-specific TCR x Nur77-GFP transgenic mice</td>
			<td>Jackson Laboratory</td>
			<td>004194, 006617</td>
			<td>B6.Cg-Tg(TcraTcrb)425Cbn/J x C57BL/6-Tg(Nr4a1-EGFP/cre)820Khog/J&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Rag1 knock-out mice</td>
			<td>Jackson Laboratory</td>
			<td>002216</td>
			<td>B6.129S7-Rag1tm1Mom/J</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Ovalbumin, Low Endo, Purified</td>
			<td>Worthington Biochemical Corporation</td>
			<td>LS003059</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Lipopolysaccharides from Escherichia coli</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich Co.</td>
			<td>L2630-25MG</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Polyethylene tubing (Non-Sterile) 100 ft</td>
			<td>BD Diagnostic Systems</td>
			<td>427421</td>
			<td>0.86 mm inside diameter, 1.27 mm outside diameter</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>GeneMate Sieve GQA Low Melt Agarose</td>
			<td>BioExpress</td>
			<td>E-3112-125</td>
			<td>2% solution dissolved in PBS at 70 &#176;C and held at 40 &#176;C.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Compresstome VF-300</td>
			<td>Precisionary Instruments, Inc.</td>
			<td>VF-300</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Double Edge Stainless Razor Blade</td>
			<td>Electron Microscopy Sciences</td>
			<td>72000</td>
			<td>Disposable; 250/box. Blade should be changed for every lung.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Krazy Glue All Purpose Instant Gel</td>
			<td>VWR</td>
			<td>500033-484</td>
			<td>Commonly available for $3/tube in local drugstores&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Leibovitz&#39;s L-15 Medium, no phenol red</td>
			<td>ThermoFisher Scientific</td>
			<td>21083027</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Normal Rat Serum</td>
			<td>Jackson ImmunoResearch Inc.</td>
			<td>012-000-120</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Normal Mouse Serum</td>
			<td>Jackson ImmunoResearch Inc.</td>
			<td>015-000-120</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Fetal bovine serum</td>
			<td>Hyclone</td>
			<td>SH30071.03HI</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Staining Buffer</td>
			<td>Made in House</td>
			<td>N/A</td>
			<td>PBS w/ 0.5% bovine serum albumin, 0.1% NaN3, pH 7.4</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Fc Blocker (anti-CD16/32 antibodies)</td>
			<td>Made in House</td>
			<td>N/A</td>
			<td>Supernatant of cultured hybridoma cell line 2.4G2</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Anti-mouse CD11b eFluor 450</td>
			<td>eBioscience</td>
			<td>48-0112-80</td>
			<td>Anti-mouse CD11b eFluor 450 (clone: M1/70)&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Anti-mouse CD11c Brilliant Violet 605</td>
			<td>BioLegend</td>
			<td>101237</td>
			<td>Brilliant Violet 605 anti-mouse CD11c (clone: M1/70)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Anti-mouse CD11c Phycoerythrin</td>
			<td>eBioscience</td>
			<td>12-0114-82</td>
			<td>PE conjugated anti-mouse CD11c (clone: N418)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Anti-mouse CD11c Allophycocyanin</td>
			<td>BD Phamingen</td>
			<td>550261</td>
			<td>APC-labeled anti-mouse CD11c 9clone: HL3)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Anti-mouse CD88 Phycoerythrin</td>
			<td>BioLegend</td>
			<td>135806</td>
			<td>PE anti-mouse CD88 (clone: 20/70)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Anti-mouse CD103 Allophycocyanin</td>
			<td>eBioscience</td>
			<td>17-1031-82</td>
			<td>Anti-mouse CD103 APC (clone: 2E7)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Anti-mouse CD90.2/Thy1.2 eF450</td>
			<td>eBioscience</td>
			<td>48-0902-82</td>
			<td>Anti-mouse CD90.2 eFluor 450 (clone: 53-2.1)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Anti-mouse CD172a/Sirp1a Allophycocyanin</td>
			<td>eBioscience</td>
			<td>17-1721-82</td>
			<td>Anti-mouse CD172a APC (clone: P84)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Anti-mouse CD324 Brilliant Violet 421</td>
			<td>BD Horizon</td>
			<td>564188</td>
			<td>BV421 mouse anti-E Cadherin (clone: 5E8 also known as 5E8-G9-B4)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Anti-mouse CD324 Alexa Fluor 488</td>
			<td>eBioscience</td>
			<td>53-3249-82</td>
			<td>Anti-CD324(E-Cadherin) Alexa Flour 488 (clone: DECMA-1)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Anti-mouse CD324 Alexa Fluor 647</td>
			<td>eBioscience</td>
			<td>51-3249-82</td>
			<td>Anti-CD324(E-Cadherin) Alexa Flour 647 (clone: DECMA-1)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Glass Bottom Microwell Dishes 35mm petri dish, 14mm Microwell, No. 1.5 coverglass</td>
			<td>MatTek Corperation</td>
			<td>P35G-1.5-14-C</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Nunc Lab-Tek Chambered Coverglass</td>
			<td>ThermoFisher Scientific</td>
			<td>155411PK&#160;</td>
			<td>Pack of 16</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>15 mm Coverslip, No. 1.5 Glass Thickness</td>
			<td>MatTek Corperation</td>
			<td>PCS-1.5-15</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Bare Platinum Wire</td>
			<td>World Precision Instruments</td>
			<td>PTP201</td>
			<td>0.020&#34; (0.5mm) diameter cut into ~1 cm long pieces and bent into an &#34;L&#34; shape</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>ProLong Gold Antifade Mountant</td>
			<td>ThermoFisher Scientific</td>
			<td>P36934</td>
			<td>Keep at 4 &#176;C, warm to room tempterature before use.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Matrigel Growth Factor Reduced (GFR) Basement Membrane Matrix, Phenol Red-Free, *LDEV-Free</td>
			<td>Corning</td>
			<td>356231</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Zeiss 880 multi-photon laser-scanning microscope</td>
			<td>Carl Zeiss</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Zen Black software version 8.1, 2012 (Zeiss)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Plan-Apochromat 20x/0.8 M27 objective lends</td>
			<td>Carl Zeiss</td>
			<td>420650-9901-000</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

precision-cut mouse lung slices to visualize live pulmonary dendritic cells

过敏原和病原体的吸入引起的各种肺免疫细胞类型的多个变化。流式细胞术是用于在免疫细胞上的细胞表面蛋白的定量分析的强大技术，但它提供对肺中这些细胞的定位和迁移模式的信息。类似地，趋化实验可以被执行以研究细胞的潜力， 在体外趋化因子反应，但是这些测定法不再现完整肺的复杂的环境。相对于这些前述技术中，肺中的个别细胞类型的位置可以容易地通过产生精确切割肺片（PCLS）中，用商购的，荧光标记的抗体染色它们，并通过共聚焦显微镜可视化部分可视化。 PCLS可以用于活的和固定的肺组织，和片可以涵盖区域一样大的整个叶的横截面。我们已经使用该协议成功地可视化的各种各样的肺细胞类型，包括不同类型的树突状细胞的巨噬细胞，嗜中性粒细胞，T细胞和B细胞，以及结构的细胞，例如淋巴，内皮的位置，和上皮细胞。可视化细胞相互作用，如树突状细胞和T细胞，在活的，三维的肺组织之间的能力，可以揭示细胞肺内如何移动，并与在稳定状态下和在炎症期间彼此相互作用。因此，与其他的方法，例如流式细胞术和定量PCR组合使用时，PCLS可以向背后肺的变应性和炎症性疾病的细胞事件的全面理解。

为了识别两个DC亚群从C57BL / 6小鼠中的位置，CD11b的喜 cDC上和CD103 + cDC上，PCLS切下并用特异于的CD11c单克隆抗体（mAb）染色，CD88，CD103，CD324和（E-钙粘蛋白）。抗体染色CD324气道上皮细胞，和CD88显示在巨噬细胞和嗜中性粒细胞，但不是cDC上8。这使我们能够从表面CD11c +巨噬细胞区分cDC上，并观察各细胞类型的气道（ 图1）</str...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Precision-cut Mouse Lung Slices to Visualize Live Pulmonary Dendritic Cells at JoVE.com

Precision-cut Mouse Lung Slices to Visualize Live Pulmonary Dendritic Cells

我们描述了用于产生精密切割肺片（PCLS）和免疫它们以显现各种免疫细胞类型的定位在肺中的方法。我们的协议可以扩展在各种条件下可视化的位置和许多不同细胞类型的功能。

精密切割的小鼠肺切片可视化现场肺树突状细胞

Inhalation of allergens and pathogens elicits multiple changes in a variety of immune cell types in the lung. Flow cytometry is a powerful technique for ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Immunology and Infection

Isolation of Mouse Lung Dendritic Cells

小鼠肺树突状细胞的分离

Lung dendritic cells (DC) play a fundamental role in sensing invading pathogens 1,2 as well as in the control of tolerogenic responses 3 in the ...

科研

免疫与感染

Analysis of Pulmonary Dendritic Cell Maturation and Migration during Allergic Airway Inflammation

过敏性气道炎症在肺树突状细胞的成熟和迁移分析

Dendritic cells (DCs) are the key players involved in initiation of adaptive immune response by activating antigen-specific T cells. DCs are present in ...

Isolation and Characterization of Dendritic Cells and Macrophages from the Mouse Intestine

从老鼠肠道树突状细胞和巨噬细胞的分离和表征

Within the intestine reside unique populations of innate and adaptive immune cells that are involved in promoting tolerance towards commensal flora and ...

Right Ventricular Systolic Pressure Measurements in Combination with Harvest of Lung and Immune Tissue Samples in Mice

右心室收缩压测量组合在小鼠的肺和免疫组织样品的收获

The function of the right heart is to pump blood through the lungs, thus linking right heart physiology and pulmonary vascular physiology. Inflammation is ...

Pseudomonas aeruginosa Induced Lung Injury Model

Pseudomonas aeruginosa Induced Lung Injury Model

绿脓杆菌引起的肺损伤模型

In order to study human acute lung injury and pneumonia, it is important to develop animal models to mimic various pathological features of this disease. ...

Influenza Virus Propagation in Embryonated Chicken Eggs

在鸡胚的流感病毒传播

Influenza infection is associated with about 36,000 deaths and more than 200,000 hospitalizations every year in the United States. The continuous ...

Legionella pneumophila Outer Membrane Vesicles: Isolation and Analysis of Their Pro-inflammatory Potential on Macrophages

Legionella pneumophila Outer Membrane Vesicles: Isolation and Analysis of Their Pro-inflammatory Potential on Macrophages

嗜肺军团菌外膜囊泡：隔离及对巨噬细胞促炎潜力分析

Bacteria are able to secrete a variety of molecules via various secretory systems. Besides the secretion of molecules into the extracellular space or ...

Human Lung Dendritic Cells: Spatial Distribution and Phenotypic Identification in Endobronchial Biopsies Using Immunohistochemistry and Flow Cytometry

人肺树突状细胞：空间分布与表型鉴定支气管活检采用免疫组化和流式细胞仪

The lungs are constantly exposed to the external environment, which in addition to harmless particles, also contains pathogens, allergens, and toxins. In ...

Assessment of the Cytotoxic and Immunomodulatory Effects of Substances in Human Precision-cut Lung Slices

人精切肺切片中物质的细胞毒性及免疫调节作用的评价

Respiratory diseases in their broad diversity need appropriate model systems to understand the underlying mechanisms and enable development of new ...

Development and Validation of an Ultrasensitive Single Molecule Array Digital Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay for Human Interferon-&#945;

Development and Validation of an Ultrasensitive Single Molecule Array Digital Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay for Human Interferon-ÃƒÆ’Ã…Â½Ãƒâ€šÃ‚Â±

人干扰素α超灵敏单分子阵列数字酶联免疫吸附试验的研制与验证

The main aim of this protocol is to describe the development and validation of an interferon (IFN)-&#945; single molecule array digital Enzyme-Linked ...