Name: precision-cut mouse lung slices to visualize live pulmonary dendritic cells
Uploaded: 2017-04-05T15:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Precision-cut Mouse Lung Slices to Visualize Live Pulmonary Dendritic Cells at JoVE.com

Vi takker Jeff Tucker, Erica Scappini, og Agnes Janoshazi for deres hjælp med mikroskopi, Ligon Perrow for hendes ledelse af musen koloni, og Jun Chen og Michael Sanderson om hjælp med vævet pålægsmaskine, og Michael Fessler og Derek Cain for kritisk læsning af manuskriptet. Dette arbejde blev finansieret af murene gren af ​​NIEHS, NIH (ZIA ES102025-09), som igen er sponsoreret af Department of Health and Human Services.

Animal eksperimentelle procedurer, der er beskrevet i dette papir blev godkendt af NIEHS Animal Care og brug Udvalg (IACUC). 1. Lung Fremstilling <ol><li> Hus mus mellem 6 og 12 ugers alderen i specifikke patogenfrie betingelser i overensstemmelse med de retningslinjer, som Institutional Animal Care og brug Udvalg. BEMÆRK: afbildet mus kan enten være naive, eller behandles, afhængigt af den enkelte forskers særlige interesser. Her beskriver vi immuncelle lokalisering i naive mus...

<ol>
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S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+major+lung+CD103+(alphaE)-beta7+integrin-positive+epithelial+dendritic+cell+population+expressing+Langerin+and+tight+junction+proteins.">A major lung CD103 (alphaE)-beta7 integrin-positive epithelial dendritic cell population expressing Langerin and tight junction proteins.</a> J Immunol. 176 (4), 2161-2172 (2006).</li><li>Steinman, R. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Lasker+Basic+Medical+Research+Award.+Dendritic+cells:+versatile+controllers+of+the+immune+system.">Lasker Basic Medical Research Award. 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J., Brendel, K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Precision-cut+tissue+slices:+applications+in+pharmacology+and+toxicology.">Precision-cut tissue slices: applications in pharmacology and toxicology.</a> Life Sci. 57 (21), 1887-1901 (1995).</li><li>Bergner, A., Sanderson, M. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=ATP+stimulates+Ca2++oscillations+and+contraction+in+airway+smooth+muscle+cells+of+mouse+lung+slices.">ATP stimulates Ca2+ oscillations and contraction in airway smooth muscle cells of mouse lung slices.</a> Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol. 283 (6), L1271-L1279 (2002).</li><li>Martin, C., Uhlig, S., Ullrich, V. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Videomicroscopy+of+methacholine-induced+contraction+of+individual+airways+in+precision-cut+lung+slices.">Videomicroscopy of methacholine-induced contraction of individual airways in precision-cut lung slices.</a> Eur Respir J. 9 (12), 2479-2487 (1996).</li><li>Henjakovic, M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Ex+vivo+testing+of+immune+responses+in+precision-cut+lung+slices.">Ex vivo testing of immune responses in precision-cut lung slices.</a> Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 231 (1), 68-76 (2008).</li><li>Henjakovic, M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Ex+vivo+lung+function+measurements+in+precision-cut+lung+slices+(PCLS)+from+chemical+allergen-sensitized+mice+represent+a+suitable+alternative+to+in+vivo+studies.">Ex vivo lung function measurements in precision-cut lung slices (PCLS) from chemical allergen-sensitized mice represent a suitable alternative to in vivo studies.</a> Toxicol Sci. 106 (2), 444-453 (2008).</li><li>Paddenberg, R., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Hypoxic+vasoconstriction+of+partial+muscular+intra-acinar+pulmonary+arteries+in+murine+precision+cut+lung+slices.">Hypoxic vasoconstriction of partial muscular intra-acinar pulmonary arteries in murine precision cut lung slices.</a> Respir Res. 7, 93 (2006).</li><li>Wilson, R. H., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Allergic+sensitization+through+the+airway+primes+Th17-dependent+neutrophilia+and+airway+hyperresponsiveness.">Allergic sensitization through the airway primes Th17-dependent neutrophilia and airway hyperresponsiveness.</a> Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 180 (8), 720-730 (2009).</li><li>Schlitzer, A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Identification+of+cDC1-+and+cDC2-committed+DC+progenitors+reveals+early+lineage+priming+at+the+common+DC+progenitor+stage+in+the+bone+marrow.">Identification of cDC1- and cDC2-committed DC progenitors reveals early lineage priming at the common DC progenitor stage in the bone marrow.</a> Nat Immunol. 16 (7), 718-728 (2015).</li><li>Baluk, P., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Preferential+lymphatic+growth+in+bronchus-associated+lymphoid+tissue+in+sustained+lung+inflammation.">Preferential lymphatic growth in bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue in sustained lung inflammation.</a> Am J Pathol. 184 (5), 1577-1592 (2014).</li><li>Jurisic, G., Iolyeva, M., Proulx, S. 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T., Oliver, G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Prox1+function+is+required+for+the+development+of+the+murine+lymphatic+system.">Prox1 function is required for the development of the murine lymphatic system.</a> Cell. 98 (6), 769-778 (1999).</li></ol>

Den her beskrevne protokol blev oprindeligt udviklet til at visualisere placeringen af ​​to delmængder af CDCS i lungerne. Imidlertid kan denne protokol let tilpasses til at studere mange forskellige celletyper, og samtidig opretholde cellelevedygtighed og den tredimensionale arkitektur af lungen. Den sidstnævnte træk er en vigtig fordel i forhold cellekultursystemer og letter identifikation af sjældne celletyper. Fremgangsmåden er baseret på dannelsen af ​​PCLS fra lungen, og en passende kombination af an...

Efter inhalation af proinflammatoriske stimuli såsom lipopolysaccharid (LPS), der er en koordineret bevægelse af immunceller til, i og fra lungerne. For eksempel er neutrofile hurtigt rekrutteret til lungeparenkymet og luftveje. Desuden nogle professionelle antigenpræsenterende celler kendt som konventionelle dendritceller (CDCS) undergå en forholdsvis kompliceret migrationsmønster 1, 2. CDCS kan identificeres under anvendelse af flowcytometri, delvist baseret på deres visning af overfladen markering, CD11. Distinct undergrupper af DC&#39;er kan skelnes ved den differentielle overfladeekspression af CD103 og CD11b 3. Ved at erhverve inhaleret antigen, nogle CDCS forlade lunge og migrerer gennem lymfekarrene til lunge-drænende lymfeknuder (LN), hvor de præsenterer peptider for antigen-specifikke T-celler 4. Dette er et kritisk tidlig begivenhed i indledningen af ​​adaptive immun responses. Af ukendte årsager, dog ikke alle CDCS der erhverver inhalerede antigener forlader lungerne, og mange af disse celler forbliver i dette organ i flere måneder 5, 6. Denne observation kan delvis forklares ved den udviklingsmæssige herkomst af disse celler, fordi monocyt-afledte CD11c + celler, der mangler kemokinreceptoren, CCR7, ikke er i stand til at migrere til regionale LN 7, 8. Det forekommer sandsynligt, at migrationen potentiale CDCS også bestemmes, i det mindste delvis af deres anatomiske position i lungen. Imidlertid er den præcise lokalisering af disse forskellige populationer af CDCS i lungen ikke fuldt karakteriseret. En forbedret kendskab til immun celle lokalisering i lungen, og af de molekyler, der dirigerer det, der er behov for en bedre forståelse af, hvordan immunsystemet i lungerne bliver aktiveret. PCLS er ved at blive øgetly anvendes som en ex vivo fremgangsmåde til at visualisere cellulær positionering og celle-celle-interaktioner, samtidig med at den strukturelle integritet af lungen arkitektur 9, 10. PCLS er blevet brugt til at studere lunger mange arter, herunder mus, kvæg, aber, får, heste og mennesker 11. En stor fordel ved denne teknik er, at ca. 20 skiver kan fremstilles ud fra en enkelt lap af et muselunge, hvorved antallet af dyr, der er nødvendige for individuelle eksperimenter. Stort set alle immuncelletyper, herunder DC&#39;er, makrofager, neutrofiler og T-celler, er til stede i PCLS og opretholde deres normale strukturer. PCLS kan også anvendes til at studere calciumsignalering og kontraktilitet af luftvejs og glatte muskelceller efter behandling med acetylcholin 12 eller methacholin 13. I denne fremgangsmåde kun en lille del af lungen er enalyzed mikroskopisk, men en undersøgelse rapporterede, at målinger af luftvejs sammentrækning i PCLS varierer kun ca. 10% fra skive til skive, og denne varians er sammenlignelig med den set ved anvendelse lungefunktionsundersøgelse i intakte dyr 14. Andre forskere har anvendt PCLS som en ex vivo fremgangsmåde til at studere ændringer i cytokinekspression og celleoverflademarkører efter inkubation med LPS 15. PCLS har også været anvendt i en ex vivo model for hypoksisk pulmonal vasokonstriktion i små intra-acinære arterier. Disse skibe er placeret i den del af lungen, som ikke kan opnås ved hjælp af andre procedurer, herunder optagelser fra dissekerede arterielle segmenter eller analyse af subpleurale fartøjer 16. Vores laboratorium har primært anvendt PCLS at visualisere immuncelle lokalisering i levende lungevæv ved steady state efter en in vivo inflammatoriske stimulus. De procedurer, vi har udviklet til dette er som følger.

<table border="1" fo:keep-together.within-page="1" fo:keep-with-next.within-page="always">
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>C57BL/6J mice</td>
			<td>Jackson Laboratory</td>
			<td>000664</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Prox1-TdTomato transgenic mice&#160;</td>
			<td>Jackson Laboratory</td>
			<td>018128</td>
			<td>B6;129S-Tg(Prox1-tdTomato)12Nrud/J</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>OT-II OVA-specific TCR x Nur77-GFP transgenic mice</td>
			<td>Jackson Laboratory</td>
			<td>004194, 006617</td>
			<td>B6.Cg-Tg(TcraTcrb)425Cbn/J x C57BL/6-Tg(Nr4a1-EGFP/cre)820Khog/J&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Rag1 knock-out mice</td>
			<td>Jackson Laboratory</td>
			<td>002216</td>
			<td>B6.129S7-Rag1tm1Mom/J</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Ovalbumin, Low Endo, Purified</td>
			<td>Worthington Biochemical Corporation</td>
			<td>LS003059</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Lipopolysaccharides from Escherichia coli</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich Co.</td>
			<td>L2630-25MG</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Polyethylene tubing (Non-Sterile) 100 ft</td>
			<td>BD Diagnostic Systems</td>
			<td>427421</td>
			<td>0.86 mm inside diameter, 1.27 mm outside diameter</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>GeneMate Sieve GQA Low Melt Agarose</td>
			<td>BioExpress</td>
			<td>E-3112-125</td>
			<td>2% solution dissolved in PBS at 70 &#176;C and held at 40 &#176;C.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Compresstome VF-300</td>
			<td>Precisionary Instruments, Inc.</td>
			<td>VF-300</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Double Edge Stainless Razor Blade</td>
			<td>Electron Microscopy Sciences</td>
			<td>72000</td>
			<td>Disposable; 250/box. Blade should be changed for every lung.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Krazy Glue All Purpose Instant Gel</td>
			<td>VWR</td>
			<td>500033-484</td>
			<td>Commonly available for $3/tube in local drugstores&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Leibovitz&#39;s L-15 Medium, no phenol red</td>
			<td>ThermoFisher Scientific</td>
			<td>21083027</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Normal Rat Serum</td>
			<td>Jackson ImmunoResearch Inc.</td>
			<td>012-000-120</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Normal Mouse Serum</td>
			<td>Jackson ImmunoResearch Inc.</td>
			<td>015-000-120</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Fetal bovine serum</td>
			<td>Hyclone</td>
			<td>SH30071.03HI</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Staining Buffer</td>
			<td>Made in House</td>
			<td>N/A</td>
			<td>PBS w/ 0.5% bovine serum albumin, 0.1% NaN3, pH 7.4</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Fc Blocker (anti-CD16/32 antibodies)</td>
			<td>Made in House</td>
			<td>N/A</td>
			<td>Supernatant of cultured hybridoma cell line 2.4G2</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Anti-mouse CD11b eFluor 450</td>
			<td>eBioscience</td>
			<td>48-0112-80</td>
			<td>Anti-mouse CD11b eFluor 450 (clone: M1/70)&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Anti-mouse CD11c Brilliant Violet 605</td>
			<td>BioLegend</td>
			<td>101237</td>
			<td>Brilliant Violet 605 anti-mouse CD11c (clone: M1/70)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Anti-mouse CD11c Phycoerythrin</td>
			<td>eBioscience</td>
			<td>12-0114-82</td>
			<td>PE conjugated anti-mouse CD11c (clone: N418)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Anti-mouse CD11c Allophycocyanin</td>
			<td>BD Phamingen</td>
			<td>550261</td>
			<td>APC-labeled anti-mouse CD11c 9clone: HL3)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Anti-mouse CD88 Phycoerythrin</td>
			<td>BioLegend</td>
			<td>135806</td>
			<td>PE anti-mouse CD88 (clone: 20/70)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Anti-mouse CD103 Allophycocyanin</td>
			<td>eBioscience</td>
			<td>17-1031-82</td>
			<td>Anti-mouse CD103 APC (clone: 2E7)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Anti-mouse CD90.2/Thy1.2 eF450</td>
			<td>eBioscience</td>
			<td>48-0902-82</td>
			<td>Anti-mouse CD90.2 eFluor 450 (clone: 53-2.1)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Anti-mouse CD172a/Sirp1a Allophycocyanin</td>
			<td>eBioscience</td>
			<td>17-1721-82</td>
			<td>Anti-mouse CD172a APC (clone: P84)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Anti-mouse CD324 Brilliant Violet 421</td>
			<td>BD Horizon</td>
			<td>564188</td>
			<td>BV421 mouse anti-E Cadherin (clone: 5E8 also known as 5E8-G9-B4)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Anti-mouse CD324 Alexa Fluor 488</td>
			<td>eBioscience</td>
			<td>53-3249-82</td>
			<td>Anti-CD324(E-Cadherin) Alexa Flour 488 (clone: DECMA-1)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Anti-mouse CD324 Alexa Fluor 647</td>
			<td>eBioscience</td>
			<td>51-3249-82</td>
			<td>Anti-CD324(E-Cadherin) Alexa Flour 647 (clone: DECMA-1)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Glass Bottom Microwell Dishes 35mm petri dish, 14mm Microwell, No. 1.5 coverglass</td>
			<td>MatTek Corperation</td>
			<td>P35G-1.5-14-C</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Nunc Lab-Tek Chambered Coverglass</td>
			<td>ThermoFisher Scientific</td>
			<td>155411PK&#160;</td>
			<td>Pack of 16</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>15 mm Coverslip, No. 1.5 Glass Thickness</td>
			<td>MatTek Corperation</td>
			<td>PCS-1.5-15</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Bare Platinum Wire</td>
			<td>World Precision Instruments</td>
			<td>PTP201</td>
			<td>0.020&#34; (0.5mm) diameter cut into ~1 cm long pieces and bent into an &#34;L&#34; shape</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>ProLong Gold Antifade Mountant</td>
			<td>ThermoFisher Scientific</td>
			<td>P36934</td>
			<td>Keep at 4 &#176;C, warm to room tempterature before use.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Matrigel Growth Factor Reduced (GFR) Basement Membrane Matrix, Phenol Red-Free, *LDEV-Free</td>
			<td>Corning</td>
			<td>356231</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Zeiss 880 multi-photon laser-scanning microscope</td>
			<td>Carl Zeiss</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Zen Black software version 8.1, 2012 (Zeiss)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Plan-Apochromat 20x/0.8 M27 objective lends</td>
			<td>Carl Zeiss</td>
			<td>420650-9901-000</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

precision-cut mouse lung slices to visualize live pulmonary dendritic cells

Inhalation af allergener og patogener fremkalder flere ændringer i en række forskellige immuncelletyper i lungen. Flowcytometri er en kraftfuld teknik til kvantitativ analyse af celleoverfladeproteiner på immunceller, men det giver ingen oplysninger om de lokaliserings- og trækmønstre disse celler i lungen. Tilsvarende kan kemotaksiassays udføres for at undersøge mulighederne for celler til at reagere på kemotaktiske faktorer in vitro, men disse assays ikke reproducere det komplekse miljø af det intakte lunge. I modsætning til disse førnævnte teknikker, kan placeringen af ​​individuelle celletyper i lungen let visualiseres ved generering Precision-cut Lung Skiver (PCLS), farvning dem med kommercielt tilgængelige, fluorescerende mærkede antistoffer, og visualisere sektionerne ved konfokal mikroskopi. PCLS kan anvendes til både levende og lungevæv faste, og skiverne kan omfatte områder som stort som et tværsnit af en hel lap. Vi har anvendt denne protokol til succes visualisere placeringen af ​​en lang række forskellige celletyper i lungen, herunder forskellige former for dendritiske celler, makrofager, neutrofile, T-celler og B-celler, såvel som strukturelle celler, såsom lymfe, endotel- og epitelceller. Evnen til at visualisere cellulære interaktioner, såsom dem mellem dendritiske celler og T-celler, i levende, tredimensional lungevæv, kan afsløre, hvordan celler bevæge sig inden i lungen og interagere med hinanden ved steady state og under inflammation. Således, når de anvendes i kombination med andre fremgangsmåder, såsom flowcytometri og kvantitativ PCR, kan PCLS bidrage til en omfattende forståelse af cellulære begivenheder, der ligger til grund for allergiske og inflammatoriske sygdomme i lungerne.

At identificere placeringen af to DC delmængder, CD11b hi CDCS og CD103 + CDCS, PCLS fra C57BL / 6-mus blev skåret og farvet med monoklonale antistoffer (mAb&#39;er) specifikt for CD11, CD88, CD103, og CD324 (E-cadherin). Antistoffer mod CD324 plet luftvejsepitelceller og CD88 vises på makrofager og neutrofiler, men ikke CDCS 8. Dette tillod os at skelne CDCS fra CD11c + makrofager, og at observere det rumlige forhold af hver ce...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Precision-cut Mouse Lung Slices to Visualize Live Pulmonary Dendritic Cells at JoVE.com

Precision-cut Mouse Lung Slices to Visualize Live Pulmonary Dendritic Cells

Vi beskriver en fremgangsmåde til frembringelse Precision-cut Lung Skiver (PCLS) og immunfarvning dem at visualisere lokaliseringen af ​​forskellige immun celletyper i lungen. Vores protokol kan udvides til at visualisere placeringen og funktionen af ​​mange forskellige celletyper under en række betingelser.

Præcision-cut muselunge Skiver at visualisere Levende Pulmonal dendritiske celler

Inhalation of allergens and pathogens elicits multiple changes in a variety of immune cell types in the lung. Flow cytometry is a powerful technique for ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Immunology and Infection

Isolation of Mouse Lung Dendritic Cells

Isolering af Mouse Lung dendritiske celler

Lung dendritic cells (DC) play a fundamental role in sensing invading pathogens 1,2 as well as in the control of tolerogenic responses 3 in the ...

Analysis of Pulmonary Dendritic Cell Maturation and Migration during Allergic Airway Inflammation

Analyse af Pulmonal dendritiske celle modning og migration under Allergisk luftvejene

Dendritic cells (DCs) are the key players involved in initiation of adaptive immune response by activating antigen-specific T cells. DCs are present in ...

Isolation and Characterization of Dendritic Cells and Macrophages from the Mouse Intestine

Isolering og karakterisering af dendritiske celler og makrofager fra mus Tarmen

Within the intestine reside unique populations of innate and adaptive immune cells that are involved in promoting tolerance towards commensal flora and ...

Right Ventricular Systolic Pressure Measurements in Combination with Harvest of Lung and Immune Tissue Samples in Mice

Højre ventrikels systoliske tryk Målinger i kombination med Harvest of Lung og Immune vævsprøver i mus

The function of the right heart is to pump blood through the lungs, thus linking right heart physiology and pulmonary vascular physiology. Inflammation is ...

Pseudomonas aeruginosa Induced Lung Injury Model

Pseudomonas aeruginosa Induced Lung Injury Model

In order to study human acute lung injury and pneumonia, it is important to develop animal models to mimic various pathological features of this disease. ...

Influenza Virus Propagation in Embryonated Chicken Eggs

Influenza virusformering i befrugtede hønseæg

Influenza infection is associated with about 36,000 deaths and more than 200,000 hospitalizations every year in the United States. The continuous ...

Legionella pneumophila Outer Membrane Vesicles: Isolation and Analysis of Their Pro-inflammatory Potential on Macrophages

Legionella pneumophila Outer Membrane Vesicles: Isolation and Analysis of Their Pro-inflammatory Potential on Macrophages

Legionella pneumophila ydermembranvesikler: Isolering og analyse af deres pro-inflammatorisk potentiale på makrofager

Bacteria are able to secrete a variety of molecules via various secretory systems. Besides the secretion of molecules into the extracellular space or ...

Human Lung Dendritic Cells: Spatial Distribution and Phenotypic Identification in Endobronchial Biopsies Using Immunohistochemistry and Flow Cytometry

Humane Lung dendritiske celler: Rumlig Distribution og Fænotypisk Identifikation i endobronchial Biopsier Brug Immunhistokemi og flowcytometri

The lungs are constantly exposed to the external environment, which in addition to harmless particles, also contains pathogens, allergens, and toxins. In ...

Assessment of the Cytotoxic and Immunomodulatory Effects of Substances in Human Precision-cut Lung Slices

Vurdering af den cytotoksiske og immunmodulerende virkninger af stoffer i menneskelige præcision-cut lunge skiver

Respiratory diseases in their broad diversity need appropriate model systems to understand the underlying mechanisms and enable development of new ...

Development and Validation of an Ultrasensitive Single Molecule Array Digital Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay for Human Interferon-&#945;

Development and Validation of an Ultrasensitive Single Molecule Array Digital Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay for Human Interferon-ÃƒÆ’Ã…Â½Ãƒâ€šÃ‚Â±

Udvikling og validering af et Ultrasensitive enkelt molekyle Array Digital enzym-forbundet Immunosorbent Assay for menneskelige Interferon-α

The main aim of this protocol is to describe the development and validation of an interferon (IFN)-&#945; single molecule array digital Enzyme-Linked ...