Name: comprehensive endovascular and open surgical management of cerebral arteriovenous malformations
Uploaded: 2017-10-20T12:30:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Comprehensive Endovascular and Open Surgical Management of Cerebral Arteriovenous Malformations at JoVE.com

Gli autori ringraziano tutte le squadre cliniche contribuendo giornalmente alla cura dei pazienti AVM alla UCSD.

tutte le procedure di seguito descritte vengono eseguite come standard di cura per pazienti con AVMs cerebrale, dopo aver ottenuto il consenso informato secondo le linee guida istituzionali.
 1. valutazione del paziente e la formazione immagine iniziale Nota: pazienti con AVMs unruptured spesso presenti dopo la malformazione è scoperto su formazione immagine per mal di testa o sequestro workup. Pazienti con rottura AVMs spesso presenti con insorgenza acuta di mal d...

<ol>
	<li>Spetzler, R. F., Martin, N. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+proposed+grading+system+for+arteriovenous+malformations.">A proposed grading system for arteriovenous malformations.</a> J Neurosurg. 65 (4), 476-483 (1986).</li><li>Stapf, C., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Predictors+of+hemorrhage+in+patients+with+untreated+brain+arteriovenous+malformation.">Predictors of hemorrhage in patients with untreated brain arteriovenous malformation.</a> Neurology. 66 (9), 1350-1355 (2006).</li><li>Kondziolka, D., McLaughlin, M. R., Kestle, J. R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Simple+risk+predictions+for+arteriovenous+malformation+hemorrhage.">Simple risk predictions for arteriovenous malformation hemorrhage.</a> Neurosurgery. 37 (5), 851-855 (1995).</li><li>Fukuda, K., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Multicenter+assessment+of+morbidity+associated+with+cerebral+arteriovenous+malformation+hemorrhages.">Multicenter assessment of morbidity associated with cerebral arteriovenous malformation hemorrhages.</a> J Neurointerv Surg. , (2016).</li><li>Conger, A., Kulwin, C., Lawton, M. T., Cohen-Gadol, A. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Endovascular+and+microsurgical+treatment+of+cerebral+arteriovenous+malformations:+Current+recommendations.">Endovascular and microsurgical treatment of cerebral arteriovenous malformations: Current recommendations.</a> Surg Neurol Int. 6, (2015).</li><li>Mohr, J. P., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Medical+management+with+or+without+interventional+therapy+for+unruptured+brain+arteriovenous+malformations+(ARUBA):+a+multicentre,+non-blinded,+randomised+trial.">Medical management with or without interventional therapy for unruptured brain arteriovenous malformations (ARUBA): a multicentre, non-blinded, randomised trial.</a> Lancet. 383 (9917), 614-621 (2014).</li><li>Crawford, P. M., West, C. R., Chadwick, D. W., Shaw, M. D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Arteriovenous+malformations+of+the+brain:+natural+history+in+unoperated+patients.">Arteriovenous malformations of the brain: natural history in unoperated patients.</a> J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 49 (1), 1-10 (1986).</li><li>Lawton, M. T., Kim, H., McCulloch, C. E., Mikhak, B., Young, W. L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+supplementary+grading+scale+for+selecting+patients+with+brain+arteriovenous+malformations+for+surgery.">A supplementary grading scale for selecting patients with brain arteriovenous malformations for surgery.</a> Neurosurgery. 66 (4), 702-713 (2010).</li><li>Hemphill, J. C., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Guidelines+for+the+Management+of+Spontaneous+Intracerebral+Hemorrhage:+A+Guideline+for+Healthcare+Professionals+From+the+American+Heart+Association/American+Stroke+Association.">Guidelines for the Management of Spontaneous Intracerebral Hemorrhage: A Guideline for Healthcare Professionals From the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association.</a> Stroke. 46 (7), 2032-2060 (2015).</li><li>Gross, B. A., Frerichs, K. U., Du, R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Sensitivity+of+CT+angiography,+T2-weighted+MRI,+and+magnetic+resonance+angiography+in+detecting+cerebral+arteriovenous+malformations+and+associated+aneurysms.">Sensitivity of CT angiography, T2-weighted MRI, and magnetic resonance angiography in detecting cerebral arteriovenous malformations and associated aneurysms.</a> J Clin Neurosci. 19 (8), 1093-1095 (2012).</li><li>Hashimoto, T., Young, W. L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Anesthesia-related+considerations+for+cerebral+arteriovenous+malformations.">Anesthesia-related considerations for cerebral arteriovenous malformations.</a> Neurosurg Focus. 11 (5), 5 (2001).</li><li>Seldinger, S. I. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Catheter+replacement+of+the+needle+in+percutaneous+arteriography;+a+new+technique.">Catheter replacement of the needle in percutaneous arteriography; a new technique.</a> Acta. 39 (5), 368-376 (1953).</li><li>Abando, A., Hood, D., Weaver, F., Katz, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+use+of+the+Angioseal+device+for+femoral+artery+closure.">The use of the Angioseal device for femoral artery closure.</a> J Vasc Surg. 40 (2), 287-290 (2004).</li><li>Deshaies, E. M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Multimodality+intraoperative+neurophysiological+monitoring+during+Onyx+embolization+of+cerebrovascular+malformations.">Multimodality intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring during Onyx embolization of cerebrovascular malformations.</a> Neurodiagn J. 55 (1), 12-24 (2015).</li><li>Vi&#241;uela, F., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Combined+endovascular+embolization+and+surgery+in+the+management+of+cerebral+arteriovenous+malformations:+experience+with+101+cases.">Combined endovascular embolization and surgery in the management of cerebral arteriovenous malformations: experience with 101 cases.</a> J Neurosurg. 75 (6), 856-864 (1991).</li></ol>

Qui dimostriamo un approccio globale alla AVMs cerebrale via endovascolare combinato e l'amministrazione chirurgica aperta. Catetere angiografia è il gold standard per l'imaging AVMs ed è fondamentale per la pianificazione e la valutazione chirurgica. I embolizations pre-operatorio può semplificare la resezione chirurgica, ma richiede la comunicazione fra le squadre chirurgiche e interventistiche per sviluppare un approccio strategico ottimale. Ad esempio, gli alimentatori arteriosi AVM più facilmente embolized posso...

Malformazioni arterovenose cerebrali (AVMs), connessioni anomale tra arterie e vene senza intervento normale letti di capillari, presentano sfide uniche neurochirurgiche. Classificati in base alla dimensione, presenza di vene di scarico profonde e il coinvolgimento della corteccia eloquente,1 il rischio di emorragia per precedentemente unruptured AVMs varia da 0,9 a 8% all'anno,2 con un rischio di rottura medio annuale di ~ 3%. 3 le emorragie da AVMs sono associate con un tasso di quasi 10% di mortalità e morbosità significativa, fino al 34% dei pazienti colpiti da moderata a grave disabilità. 4 precedentemente rotto AVMs hanno aumentato i tassi di emorragia annuale,2 ma un relativamente basso rischio immediato di ri-rottura. A meno che la massa effetto da un ematoma richiede intervento acuto, trattamento è spesso eseguita su una base elettiva dopo aver soppesato la storia naturale prevista di una lesione rispetto ai rischi connessi al trattamento. 5 , 6
La resezione chirurgica è il trattamento della scelta per piccoli AVMs accessibile come immediatamente e definitivamente Elimina rischio di emorragia in futuro. Tuttavia, l'alta portata di AVMs, così come il rischio aumentato di AVM-collegata aneurismi,4,7 fa resezione chirurgica tra le più difficili di tutti i casi neurochirurgici. Embolization pre-operative di AVMs per ridurre il flusso sanguigno e rimuovere caratteristiche AVM ad alto rischio può ridurre significativamente le sfide tecniche di resezione.
Neurochirurghi vascolari completamente addestrati sono posizionati in modo univoco per curare definitivamente AVMs eseguendo l'angiogramma pre-operatoria e il embolization endovascular, così come la resezione chirurgica aperta. Qui, descriviamo il protocollo per la gestione di AVMs cerebrale chirurgicamente accessibile (come definito dalla classificazione stabilita scale1,8 così come chirurgo e valutazioni conferenza multidisciplinare) alla nostra istituzione.

<table border="1" fo:keep-together.within-page="1" fo:keep-with-next.within-page="always">
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>ChloraPrep Sterilization Solution</td>
			<td>BD, Franklin Lakes, NJ</td>
			<td>260815</td>
			<td>For skin sterilization</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Lidocaine Hcl 1%&#160;</td>
			<td>ACE Surgical Supply, Inc, Brockton, MA</td>
			<td>001-1421</td>
			<td>For local anesthetic</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Micropuncture Groin Access Kit</td>
			<td>Cook Medical, Bloomington, IN</td>
			<td>G56202</td>
			<td>Used for femoral artery access</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>0.035 Guidewire&#160;</td>
			<td>Terumo Medical, Somerset, NJ</td>
			<td>GR3506</td>
			<td>Used in conjunction with diagnostic catheters for cerebral angiography</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Cerebral Angiography Diagnostic Catheters&#160;</td>
			<td>Terumo Medical, Somerset, NJ</td>
			<td>CG416</td>
			<td>Used in conjunction with guidewire for cerebral angiography</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Omnipaque Contrast Agent</td>
			<td>GE Healthcare, Chicago, IL&#160;</td>
			<td>Q9965</td>
			<td>Contrast agent for cerebral vessel imaging</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Microcatheter and Microwire</td>
			<td>Covidian, Plymouth, MN</td>
			<td>105-5091-150, 103-0608</td>
			<td>Used for distal arterial catheterization</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Onyx Liquid Embolic</td>
			<td>Covidian, Plymouth, MN</td>
			<td>105-7100-060</td>
			<td>Used for AVM embolization</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Angio-Seal Vascular Closure Device</td>
			<td>St. Jude Medical, St Paul, MN</td>
			<td>610130</td>
			<td>Used for femoral artery closure following angiography/intra-arterial embolization</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Midas Rex High Power Drill System</td>
			<td>Medtronic, Minneapolis, MN</td>
			<td>PM700</td>
			<td>Used for craniotomy&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Matchstick Drill Bit</td>
			<td>Medtronic, Minneapolis, MN</td>
			<td>10MH30-MN</td>
			<td>Used to create burr hole for craniotomy&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Tapered Drill Bit</td>
			<td>Medtronic, Minneapolis, MN</td>
			<td>F1/8TA15</td>
			<td>Used to complete craniotomy&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>#11 and 15 Blade Surgical Scalpels</td>
			<td>BD Bard-Parker, Franklin Lakes, NJ</td>
			<td>372615&#160;</td>
			<td>Used for groin incision for angiography and dural opening for external ventricular drain placement or AVM resection</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Metzenbaum Dissecting Scissors</td>
			<td>Stoelting Co, Wood Dale, IL</td>
			<td>52134-01P</td>
			<td>Used for dural opening</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Bone Elevator</td>
			<td>Stoelting Co, Wood Dale, IL</td>
			<td>52169</td>
			<td>Used for separating dura from the inner skull</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Gerald Forceps</td>
			<td>Stoelting Co, Wood Dale, IL</td>
			<td>52106-52</td>
			<td>Used for dural opening and manipulation</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Microsurgical Instruments&#160;</td>
			<td>Accurate Surgical &#38; Scientific Instruments Corporation, Westbury, NY</td>
			<td>ASSI.BML1</td>
			<td>Used for AVM microsurgical resection</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Bipolar Forceps&#160;</td>
			<td>Accurate Surgical &#38; Scientific Instruments Corporation, Westbury, NY</td>
			<td>ASSI.BPNS20423FP</td>
			<td>Used for AVM microsurgical resection</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Electrosurgery Generator</td>
			<td>Bovie Medical Products, Clearwater, FL&#160;</td>
			<td>IDS-200&#160;</td>
			<td>Used for electrosurgical cutting/coagulation</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Small Aneurysm Clips</td>
			<td>Codman Neuro, Raynham, MA</td>
			<td>20-1801</td>
			<td>Used for occlusion of arterial AVM feeders not amenable to coagulation</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Brain Retractors</td>
			<td>Medicon, Tuttlingen, Germany</td>
			<td>22.00.06</td>
			<td>For brain retraction for deep AVM dissection/resection</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Variable Action Suction tip</td>
			<td>Millennium Surgical, Narberth, PA</td>
			<td>6-8607</td>
			<td>For suction with AVM dissection/resection</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Fibrillar Absorbable Hemostatic Agent</td>
			<td>Ethicon, Somerville, NJ</td>
			<td>63713-0019-61</td>
			<td>For hemostatis within surgical cavity</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>4-0 Suture</td>
			<td>Ethicon, Somerville, NJ</td>
			<td>C554D</td>
			<td>For dural closure</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>2-0 Absorbable Suture</td>
			<td>Ethicon, Somerville, NJ</td>
			<td>J286G</td>
			<td>For deep tissue closure</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>3-0 Nylon Suture</td>
			<td>Ethicon, Somerville, NJ</td>
			<td>ET-663G</td>
			<td>For skin closure</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Surgical Staples&#160;</td>
			<td>Medline, Mundelein, IL</td>
			<td>STAPLER35RB</td>
			<td>For skin closure</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Bone Plating System</td>
			<td>Biomet, Warsaw, IN</td>
			<td>15-7378-12</td>
			<td>For bone flap securement</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Operating Microscope</td>
			<td>Leica Microsystems, Buffalo Grove, IL</td>
			<td>M720 OH5</td>
			<td>Used for AVM microsurgical resection</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>BrainLab Neuronavigation Imaging System</td>
			<td>Brainlab, Inc, Chicago, IL</td>
			<td>Brainlab Curve&#160;</td>
			<td>Used for AVM microsurgical resection</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Lumbar External Drainage System</td>
			<td>Codman Neuro, Raynham, MA</td>
			<td>K964923</td>
			<td>Used for placement of lumbar drain for CSF drainage</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>External Ventricular Drainage Catheter</td>
			<td>Medtronic, Minneapolis, MN</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Used for placement of ventricular catheter for CSF drainage</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Disposable Raney Scalp Clips</td>
			<td>A&#38;E Medical Corporation, Farmingdale, NJ</td>
			<td>070-001</td>
			<td>Used for scalp hemostasis</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

comprehensive endovascular and open surgical management of cerebral arteriovenous malformations

Le malformazioni Arteriovenious (AVMs) sono associate a significativa morbidità e mortalità e hanno un rischio di rottura di ~ 3% all'anno. Trattamento di AVMs dovrà essere adattato in modo specifico la lesione, con la resezione chirurgica è il gold standard per le lesioni piccole, accessibile. Embolization pre-operative di AVMs può ridurre il flusso sanguigno nidal e rimuovere ad alto rischio AVM funzionalità quali aneurismi intranidal o venosi, semplificando una procedura neurochirurgica provocatoria. Qui, descriviamo il nostro approccio per il embolization endovascular in scena e la resezione aperta di AVMs ed evidenziare i vantaggi di avere un chirurgo neurovascolare completamente addestrato che conduce un team multi-disciplinare clinico. Questo include la pianificazione il craniotomy e la resezione seguire immediatamente la fase finale di embolizzazione, quindi utilizzando una singola sessione di anestesia per il embolization aggressivo e rapida resezione. Infine, forniamo un caso rappresentativo di una femmina di 22 anni con un AVM frontale di destra che non ha sanguinato diagnosticato durante il workup sequestro, che è stato trattato con successo tramite i embolizations in scena seguiti da resezione chirurgica aperta.

Una donna precedentemente in buona saluta di 22-year-old ha presentata con i grippaggi di nuovo inizio. Non-contrasto testa CT era negativa per l'emorragia acuta, ma ha rivelato una lesione frontale di destra in modo incompleto caratterizzata. MRI ha dimostrato un circa 2,9 x 2,4 centimetri Spetzler-Martin Grade 3 AVM all'interno del giro frontale superiore di destra (Figura 1), con grandi vene corticali drenante andando a seno sagittale superiore e un rifornimento arteri...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Comprehensive Endovascular and Open Surgical Management of Cerebral Arteriovenous Malformations at JoVE.com

Comprehensive Endovascular and Open Surgical Management of Cerebral Arteriovenous Malformations

La chirurgia è il gold standard per le malformazioni arteriovenious accessibile (AVMs) ed embolization pre-operative può semplificare questa procedura. Descriviamo il nostro approccio per il embolization endovascular in fasi e resezione aperta di AVMs e fornire un esempio clinico rappresentativo, evidenziando i vantaggi di un chirurgo neurovascolare completamente addestrato che conduce un team multi-disciplinare clinico .

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