Name: in vitro methods for comparing target binding and cdc induction between therapeutic antibodies: applications in biosimilarity analysis
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Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about In Vitro Methods for Comparing Target Binding and CDC Induction Between Therapeutic Antibodies: Applications in Biosimilarity Analysis at JoVE.com

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1. Utvärdering av målbindning med flödescytometri <ol><li> Framställning av biologiska material och reagenser <ol><li> Gör 500 ml RPMI-odlingsmedium kompletterat med 10% värmeinaktiverat fetalt bovint serum (H-IFBS). </li><li> Kultur Daudi Burkitts lymfom (Daudi) celler och Daudi GFP + -celler med användning av RPMI och 75 cm 2 odlingsflaskor. Håll kulturerna vid 37 ° C i en 5% CO2 fuktad atmosfär tills de når 6 - 9 x 10 ^ celler / ml. </li><li> Gör 50 ml färgningsbu...

<ol>
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A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Comparability+of+Antibody-Mediated+Cell+Killing+Activity+Between+a+Proposed+Biosimilar+RTXM83+and+the+Originator+Rituximab.">Comparability of Antibody-Mediated Cell Killing Activity Between a Proposed Biosimilar RTXM83 and the Originator Rituximab.</a> Bio Drugs. 30 (3), 225-231 (2016).</li><li>Iwamoto, N., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Validated+LC/MS+Bioanalysis+of+Rituximab+CDR+Peptides+Using+Nano-surface+and+Molecular-Orientation+Limited+(nSMOL)+Proteolysis.">Validated LC/MS Bioanalysis of Rituximab CDR Peptides Using Nano-surface and Molecular-Orientation Limited (nSMOL) Proteolysis.</a> Biol Pharm Bull. 39 (7), 1187-1194 (2016).</li><li>Chapman, K., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Waiving+in+vivo+studies+for+monoclonal+antibody+biosimilar+development:+National+and+global+challenges.">Waiving in vivo studies for monoclonal antibody biosimilar development: National and global challenges.</a> MAbs. 8 (3), 427-435 (2016).</li><li>Zembruski, N. 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A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Engineered+antibody+Fc+variants+with+enhanced+effector+function.">Engineered antibody Fc variants with enhanced effector function.</a> Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 103 (11), 4005-4010 (2006).</li><li>Winiarska, M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Statins+impair+antitumor+effects+of+rituximab+by+inducing+conformational+changes+of+CD20.">Statins impair antitumor effects of rituximab by inducing conformational changes of CD20.</a> PLoS medicine. 5 (3), e64 (2008).</li><li>Zhou, X., Hu, W., Qin, X. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+role+of+complement+in+the+mechanism+of+action+of+rituximab+for+B-cell+lymphoma:+implications+for+therapy.">The role of complement in the mechanism of action of rituximab for B-cell lymphoma: implications for therapy.</a> Oncologist. 13 (9), 954-966 (2008).</li><li>Hayashi, K., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Gemcitabine+enhances+rituximab-mediated+complement-dependent+cytotoxicity+to+B+cell+lymphoma+by+CD20+upregulation.">Gemcitabine enhances rituximab-mediated complement-dependent cytotoxicity to B cell lymphoma by CD20 upregulation.</a> Cancer Sci. 107 (5), 682-689 (2016).</li><li>Mossner, E., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Increasing+the+efficacy+of+CD20+antibody+therapy+through+the+engineering+of+a+new+type+II+anti-CD20+antibody+with+enhanced+direct+and+immune+effector+cell-mediated+B-cell+cytotoxicity.">Increasing the efficacy of CD20 antibody therapy through the engineering of a new type II anti-CD20 antibody with enhanced direct and immune effector cell-mediated B-cell cytotoxicity.</a> Blood. 115 (22), 4393-4402 (2010).</li><li>Lapalombella, R., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+novel+Raji-Burkitt's+lymphoma+model+for+preclinical+and+mechanistic+evaluation+of+CD52-targeted+immunotherapeutic+agents.">A novel Raji-Burkitt's lymphoma model for preclinical and mechanistic evaluation of CD52-targeted immunotherapeutic agents.</a> Clin Cancer Res. 14 (2), 569-578 (2008).</li><li>Mitoma, H., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Mechanisms+for+cytotoxic+effects+of+anti-tumor+necrosis+factor+agents+on+transmembrane+tumor+necrosis+factor+alpha-expressing+cells:+comparison+among+infliximab,+etanercept,+and+adalimumab.">Mechanisms for cytotoxic effects of anti-tumor necrosis factor agents on transmembrane tumor necrosis factor alpha-expressing cells: comparison among infliximab, etanercept, and adalimumab.</a> Arthritis Rheum. 58 (5), 1248-1257 (2008).</li><li>Kaymakcalan, Z., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Comparisons+of+affinities,+avidities,+and+complement+activation+of+adalimumab,+infliximab,+and+etanercept+in+binding+to+soluble+and+membrane+tumor+necrosis+factor.">Comparisons of affinities, avidities, and complement activation of adalimumab, infliximab, and etanercept in binding to soluble and membrane tumor necrosis factor.</a> Clin Immunol. 131 (2), 308-316 (2009).</li><li>Zent, C. S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Direct+and+complement+dependent+cytotoxicity+in+CLL+cells+from+patients+with+high-risk+early-intermediate+stage+chronic+lymphocytic+leukemia+(CLL)+treated+with+alemtuzumab+and+rituximab.">Direct and complement dependent cytotoxicity in CLL cells from patients with high-risk early-intermediate stage chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) treated with alemtuzumab and rituximab.</a> Leuk Res. 32 (12), 1849-1856 (2008).</li><li>Goswami, M. T., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Regulation+of+complement-dependent+cytotoxicity+by+TGF-beta-induced+epithelial-mesenchymal+transition.">Regulation of complement-dependent cytotoxicity by TGF-beta-induced epithelial-mesenchymal transition.</a> Oncogene. 35 (15), 1888-1898 (2016).</li><li>Wang, A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Induction+of+anti-EGFR+immune+response+with+mimotopes+identified+from+a+phage+display+peptide+library+by+panitumumab.">Induction of anti-EGFR immune response with mimotopes identified from a phage display peptide library by panitumumab.</a> Oncotarget. , (2016).</li><li>Ueda, N., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+cytotoxic+effects+of+certolizumab+pegol+and+golimumab+mediated+by+transmembrane+tumor+necrosis+factor+alpha.">The cytotoxic effects of certolizumab pegol and golimumab mediated by transmembrane tumor necrosis factor alpha.</a> Inflamm Bowel Dis. 19 (6), 1224-1231 (2013).</li><li>Nesbitt, A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Mechanism+of+action+of+certolizumab+pegol+(CDP870):+in+vitro+comparison+with+other+anti-tumor+necrosis+factor+alpha+agents.">Mechanism of action of certolizumab pegol (CDP870): in vitro comparison with other anti-tumor necrosis factor alpha agents.</a> Inflamm Bowel Dis. 13 (11), 1323-1332 (2007).</li><li>Teeling, J. 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Patentutlösen av en terapeutisk mAb är att främja utvecklingen av biosimilar. Det finns således ett behov av enkla metoder som kan identifiera skillnader i kliniskt relevanta aktiviteter hos dessa produkter. CD20 + odlade celler användes för utvärdering av två viktiga funktionella egenskaper hos rituximab: målbindning och CDC-induktion. Den tidigare aktiviteten kräver erkännande av CD20 av Fab-regionen i mAb, medan den senare beror huvudsakligen på interaktionen mellan Fc-regionen och dess komplem...

Terapeutiska antikroppar är rekombinanta monoklonala antikroppar (mAbs) utvecklade för behandling av olika patologier, inklusive cancer, autoimmuna och kroniska sjukdomar, neurologiska störningar och andra 1 . För närvarande har FDA godkänt mer än 40 terapeutiska mAbs, och mer förväntas nå marknaden under de följande åren. Rituximab är en chimär monoklonal IgG1-antikropp med hög affinitet godkänd för behandling av CD20 + B-cell-icke-Hodgkins lymfom (NHL), CD20 + follikel NHL, kronisk lymfocytisk leukemi och reumatoid artrit 2 , 3 . Anmärkningen av CD20, som överuttrycks i B-celler, genom rituximab inducerar apoptos; Komplement aktivering; Och antikroppsberoende cellmedierad cytotoxicitet (ADCC) 3 . Patenten av detta läkemedel utgick i Europa och i USA 2013 och 2016, Respektive. Således läkemedelsföretag runt om i världen utvecklar rituximab biosimilars. Som i alla andra läkemedel för livsmedel biosimilars kräver godkännande från tillsynsmyndigheter. Internationella riktlinjer anger att för mAbs bör biosimilarity demonstreras genom att jämföra fysikalisk-kemiska egenskaper, farmakokinetik, effekt och säkerhet av de nya och referensprodukter 4. Följaktligen måste de metoder som används i sådana jämförelser bedöma de strukturella och funktionella egenskaperna hos de monoklonala antikropparna, särskilt de med klinisk relevans. I detta syfte, analyser in vitro visar flera fördelar jämfört med experiment in vivo (översikt i Chapman et al.) 5: i) in vitro-studier är mer känsliga för skillnader mellan den föreslagna biologiskt likartat och referensprodukten; ii) in vivo-studier måste utföras i relevanta arter, som för många mAbs äricke-humana primater; och iii) eftersom verkningsmekanismen, det prekliniska toxikologi, och de kliniska effekterna av referensprodukten är väl kända, in vivo-studier med biosimilars kanske inte ger ytterligare användbar information. Således EU: s Vägledning för biosimilars tillåter kandidater att komma in kliniska prövningar bygger på robust i enbart sex vitro-data. Här presenterar vi två snabba, ekonomiska och enkla analyser som utvärderar den biologiska aktiviteten hos rituximab använder CD20 + odlade celler. Dessa analyser kan ingå som en del av jämförbarhet övning för rituximab biosimilar kandidater.

<table border="1" fo:keep-together.within-page="1" fo:keep-with-next.within-page="always">
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>RPMI-1640 medium</td>
			<td>ATCC</td>
			<td>30-2001</td>
			<td>Modify the culture depending on the cell line</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Trypan Blue solution</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>T8154</td>
			<td>0.4%, liquid, sterile-filtered, suitable for cell culture</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Daudi Burkitt&#39;s Lymphoma Cells</td>
			<td>ATCC</td>
			<td>CCL-213</td>
			<td>You can modify the cell line depending on the antibody of interest</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Fetal bovine serum(FBS)</td>
			<td>GIBCO</td>
			<td>16000-044</td>
			<td>You can modify the source of serum depending of requirements of the cell line</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Normal Human Serum Complement</td>
			<td>Quidel</td>
			<td>A113</td>
			<td>It is therefore appropriate for use in biocompatibility experiments including drug development, biomaterials testing and other applications</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>7AA-D</td>
			<td>BDPharmigen</td>
			<td>559925</td>
			<td>You can use broad range of color options, compatible with most instrument configurations for to analyze viability.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>PECy5 Mouse Anti-human IgG</td>
			<td>BDPharmigen</td>
			<td>551497</td>
			<td>Change fluorochrome depending on the filter and laser of your flow cytometer.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Human IgG Isotype Control</td>
			<td>ThermoFisher Scientific</td>
			<td>07-7102</td>
			<td>Change depending to mAb</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>BDCytofix</td>
			<td>BDPharmigen</td>
			<td>554655</td>
			<td>Flow Cytometry Fixation Buffer (1-4% formaldehyde or paraformaldehyde )</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>PBS pH 7.4 10X (Phosphate buffer saline)</td>
			<td>GIBCO</td>
			<td>70011-044</td>
			<td>Phosphatebuffer without Ca2+/Mg2+ [137 mM NaCl, 2.7 mM KCl, 8 mM Na2HPO4, 1.46 mM KH2PO4] and endotoxin free.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Cell culture plates 96 well, V-bottom</td>
			<td>Corning</td>
			<td>29442-068</td>
			<td>12 x 75 mm round bottom test tubes or 96-well V- or U- bottom microtiter plates</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>MabThera (Rituximab)</td>
			<td>Roche</td>
			<td>&#8212;</td>
			<td>Reference product</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Rituximab</td>
			<td>Indian</td>
			<td>&#8212;</td>
			<td>Biosimilar product</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>15- or 50-mL conical centrifuge tubes</td>
			<td>Corning</td>
			<td>430290 or 430052</td>
			<td>&#8212;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Pipette Tips</td>
			<td>Eppendorf</td>
			<td>&#8212;</td>
			<td>Multiple volume configurations are necessary</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Pipettes</td>
			<td>Eppendorf</td>
			<td>&#8212;</td>
			<td>Adjustable-volume pipettes are necessary</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Centrifuge 5430/ 5430R model</td>
			<td>Eppendorf</td>
			<td>&#8212;</td>
			<td>Refrigerated variable-speed centrifuge (4 to 25 &#176; C) with speeds ranging from 10 to 30,130 &#215; g</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Flow cytometer</td>
			<td>BD Dickinson</td>
			<td>&#8212;</td>
			<td>BD FACSAria III or other flow cytometer</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Olympus optical and light microscope</td>
			<td>Olympus</td>
			<td>&#8212;</td>
			<td>To quantify and evaluate cell growth</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Incubator</td>
			<td>SANYO</td>
			<td>&#8212;</td>
			<td>Incubatorfor temperature andCO2 control to culture cells</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Biological Safety Cabinet</td>
			<td>CHC BIOLUS</td>
			<td>&#8212;</td>
			<td>Biological safety cabinet that is used to protect the researcher, product and environment.</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

in vitro methods for comparing target binding and cdc induction between therapeutic antibodies: applications in biosimilarity analysis

Terapeutiska monoklonala antikroppar (mAbs) är relevanta för behandling av olika patologier, inklusive cancer. Utvecklingen av biosimilar mAbs av läkemedelsföretag är ett marknadsmöjlighet, men det är också en strategi att öka tillgången till läkemedel och minska kostnaderna för terapi. De protokoll som beskrivs här beskriver beskrivningen av målbindning och CDC-induktion med rituximab i Daudi-celler. Dessa två funktioner kräver olika strukturella regioner av antikroppen och är relevanta för den kliniska effekt som induceras av rituximab. Protokollen möjliggör jämförelse av referensritualximab och en marknadsförd rituximab biosimilar jämförelse. De utvärderade produkterna visade skillnader både i målbindning och CDC-induktion, vilket tyder på att det finns underliggande fysikalisk-kemiska skillnader och framhäver behovet av att analysera effekterna av dessa skillnader i den kliniska miljön. Metoderna som rapporteras här är enkla och billiga in vitro &lt;/ Em&gt; modeller för utvärdering av aktiviteten av rituximabbiosimilar. Således kan de vara användbara under biosimilar utveckling, liksom för kvalitetskontroll i biosimilar produktion. Vidare kan de presenterade metoderna extrapoleras till andra terapeutiska mAbs.

Med användning av de protokoll som beskrivs ovan, målbindande och CDC induktion av referens rituximab jämfördes parallellt med de hos ett jämförbart biologiskt rituximab produceras och kommersiellt tillgängliga i Asien. I Daudi-celler, båda mAb bundet CD20 på ett koncentrationsberoende sätt (figur 1D). Icke-linjära regressioner av bindningsdata visade ett r 2 av 0,978 och 0,848 för refer...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about In Vitro Methods for Comparing Target Binding and CDC Induction Between Therapeutic Antibodies: Applications in Biosimilarity Analysis at JoVE.com

In Vitro Methods for Comparing Target Binding and CDC Induction Between Therapeutic Antibodies: Applications in Biosimilarity Analysis

Detta protokoll beskriver in vitro- jämförelsen av två viktiga funktionella egenskaper hos rituximab: målbindning och komplementberoende cytotoxicitet (CDC) induktion. Metoderna användes för jämförelse mellan referens rituximab och en rituximab jämförbar jämförelse mellan sidor och sidor. Dessa analyser kan användas under biosimilar utveckling eller som kvalitetskontroll i deras produktion.

In vitro- metoder för att jämföra målbindning och CDC-induktion mellan terapeutiska antikroppar: applikationer i biosimilaritetsanalys

Therapeutic monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) are relevant to the treatment of different pathologies, including cancers. The development of biosimilar mAbs by ...

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In Vitro Methods for Comparing Target Binding and CDC Induction Between Therapeutic Antibodies: Applications in Biosimilarity Analysis

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Total Protein Extraction and 2-D Gel Electrophoresis Methods for Burkholderia Species

Total Protein Extraction och 2-D-gelelektrofores Metoder för<em&gt; Burkholderia</em&gt; Arter

The investigation of  the intracellular protein levels of bacterial species is of importance to  understanding the pathogenic mechanisms of diseases ...

A Novel In vitro Model for Studying the Interactions Between Human Whole Blood and Endothelium

A Novel In vitro Model for Studying the Interactions Between Human Whole Blood and Endothelium

A Novel<em&gt; In vitro</em&gt; Modell för att studera interaktioner mellan humant helblod och endotelet

The majority of all known diseases are accompanied by disorders of the cardiovascular system. Studies into the complexity of the interacting pathways ...

Neutrophil Isolation and Analysis to Determine their Role in Lymphoma Cell Sensitivity to Therapeutic Agents

Neutrofil Isolering och analys för att fastställa deras roll i lymfom Cell Känslighet för terapeutiska medel

Neutrophils are the most abundant (40% to 75%) type of white blood cells and among the first inflammatory cells to migrate towards the site of ...

An In Vitro Caseum Binding Assay that Predicts Drug Penetration in Tuberculosis Lesions

An In Vitro Caseum Binding Assay that Predicts Drug Penetration in Tuberculosis Lesions

En<em&gt; In Vitro</em&gt; Caseumbindningsanalys som förutspår läkemedelspenetration i tuberkulos-lesioner

The eradication of tuberculosis disease requires drug regimens that can penetrate the multiple layers of complex pulmonary lesions. Drug distribution in ...

Induction of Paralysis and Visual System Injury in Mice by T Cells Specific for Neuromyelitis Optica Autoantigen Aquaporin-4

Induktion av förlamning och visuella systemet skada hos möss av T celler specifika för Neuromyelitis Optica Autoantigen akvaporin-4

While it is recognized that aquaporin-4 (AQP4)-specific T cells and antibodies participate in the pathogenesis of neuromyelitis optica (NMO), a human ...

Alternative In Vitro Methods for the Determination of Viral Capsid Structural Integrity

Alternative In Vitro Methods for the Determination of Viral Capsid Structural Integrity

Alternativa In Vitro -metoder för bestämning av Viral kapsid strukturell integritet

Human norovirus exacts considerable public health and economic losses worldwide. Emerging in vitro cultivation advances are not yet applicable for routine ...

Human Colonoid Monolayers to Study Interactions Between Pathogens, Commensals, and Host Intestinal Epithelium

Mänskliga Colonoid enskiktslager att studera interaktioner mellan patogener, förknippas och värd Intestinal epitel

Human 3-dimensional (3D) enteroid or colonoid cultures derived from crypt base stem cells are currently the most advanced ex vivo model of the intestinal ...