Name: recombinant protein expression, crystallization, and biophysical studies of a bacillus-conserved nucleotide pyrophosphorylase, bcmazg
Uploaded: 2017-05-16T13:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Recombinant Protein Expression, Crystallization, and Biophysical Studies of a Bacillus-conserved Nucleotide Pyrophosphorylase, BcMazG at JoVE.com

在浦项加速器实验室（韩国）的束线7A处收集X射线衍射数据。这项研究得到了由科学，ICT和未来规划部（2015R1A1A01057574至MH）资助的由韩国国家研究基金会（NRF）管理的基础科学研究计划的支持。

重组蛋白的生产和纯化rBC1531 <ol><li> 制备重组BC1531蛋白（rBC1531）表达质粒 <ol><li>准备蜡样芽孢杆菌的基因组DNA 10 。 </li><li>分别使用正向和反向引物（参见材料列表），通过聚合酶链反应（PCR）从蜡样芽孢杆菌基因组DNA模板扩增bc1531基因，分别产生BamHI和SalI限制酶位点。 </li><li>使用Bam HI和Sal I，如前所述，对PCR产物和?...

<ol>
	<li>Ivanova, N., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Genome+sequence+of+Bacillus+cereus+and+comparative+analysis+with+Bacillus+anthracis.">Genome sequence of Bacillus cereus and comparative analysis with Bacillus anthracis.</a> Nature. 423, 87-91 (2003).</li><li>Spencer, R. C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Bacillus+anthracis.">Bacillus anthracis.</a> J Clin Pathol. 56, 182-187 (2003).</li><li>Deli, A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=LmbE+proteins+from+Bacillus+cereus+are+de-N-acetylases+with+broad+substrate+specificity+and+are+highly+similar+to+proteins+in+Bacillus+anthracis.">LmbE proteins from Bacillus cereus are de-N-acetylases with broad substrate specificity and are highly similar to proteins in Bacillus anthracis.</a> FEBS J. 277, 2740-2753 (2010).</li><li>Gross, M., Marianovsky, I., Glaser, G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=MazG+--+a+regulator+of+programmed+cell+death+in+Escherichia+coli.">MazG -- a regulator of programmed cell death in Escherichia coli.</a> Mol Microbiol. 59, 590-601 (2006).</li><li>Galperin, M. Y., Moroz, O. V., Wilson, K. S., Murzin, A. G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=House+cleaning,+a+part+of+good+housekeeping.">House cleaning, a part of good housekeeping.</a> Mol Microbiol. 59, 5-19 (2006).</li><li>Lee, S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Crystal+structure+of+Escherichia+coli+MazG,+the+regulator+of+nutritional+stress+response.">Crystal structure of Escherichia coli MazG, the regulator of nutritional stress response.</a> J Biol Chem. 283, 15232-15240 (2008).</li><li>Moroz, O. V., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Dimeric+dUTPases,+HisE,+and+MazG+belong+to+a+new+superfamily+of+all-alpha+NTP+pyrophosphohydrolases+with+potential+&amp;#34;house-cleaning&amp;#34;+functions.">Dimeric dUTPases, HisE, and MazG belong to a new superfamily of all-alpha NTP pyrophosphohydrolases with potential &amp;#34;house-cleaning&amp;#34; functions.</a> J Mol Biol. 347, 243-255 (2005).</li><li>Robinson, A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+putative+house-cleaning+enzyme+encoded+within+an+integron+array:+1.8+A+crystal+structure+defines+a+new+MazG+subtype.">A putative house-cleaning enzyme encoded within an integron array: 1.8 A crystal structure defines a new MazG subtype.</a> Mol Microbiol. 66, 610-621 (2007).</li><li>Moroz, O. V., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+crystal+structure+of+a+complex+of+Campylobacter+jejuni+dUTPase+with+substrate+analogue+sheds+light+on+the+mechanism+and+suggests+the+&amp;#34;basic+module&amp;#34;+for+dimeric+d(C/U)TPases.">The crystal structure of a complex of Campylobacter jejuni dUTPase with substrate analogue sheds light on the mechanism and suggests the &amp;#34;basic module&amp;#34; for dimeric d(C/U)TPases.</a> J Mol Biol. 342, 1583-1597 (2004).</li><li>Green, M., Sambrook, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=.">.</a> Molecular cloning: A laboratory Manual. 1, (2012).</li><li>Brown, T. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=.">.</a> Gene cloning an introduction. , (1986).</li><li>Kim, M. I., Hong, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Crystal+structure+of+the+Bacillus-conserved+MazG+protein,+a+nucleotide+pyrophosphohydrolase.">Crystal structure of the Bacillus-conserved MazG protein, a nucleotide pyrophosphohydrolase.</a> Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 472, 237-242 (2016).</li><li>Sheehan, D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=.">.</a> Physical biochemistry: Principles and applications. , (2009).</li><li>Lesley, S. A., Wilson, I. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Protein+production+and+crystallization+at+the+joint+center+for+structural+genomics.">Protein production and crystallization at the joint center for structural genomics.</a> J Struct Funct Genomics. 6, 71-79 (2005).</li><li>Jeon, Y. J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Structural+and+biochemical+characterization+of+bacterial+YpgQ+protein+reveals+a+metal-dependent+nucleotide+pyrophosphohydrolase.">Structural and biochemical characterization of bacterial YpgQ protein reveals a metal-dependent nucleotide pyrophosphohydrolase.</a> J Struct Biol. 195, 113-122 (2016).</li></ol>

Studies of true pathogens are limited due to safety restrictions and regulations. Alternatively, pathogens can be studied using evolutionarily related non-pathogens or less pathogenic species. The ba1554 gene is considered a critical gene in B. anthracis. Fortunately, an identical gene is present in nonclinical B. cereus. Thus, without serious safety concerns, recombinant BC1531 protein can be used for biophysical and enzymatic characterization. Here, we described detailed procedures, moving fr...

重组蛋白表达被广泛用于克服与天然蛋白质来源有关的问题，如有限的蛋白质量和有害的污染。此外，在致病基因和蛋白质的研究中，可以使用不需要额外的安全预防措施的替代实验室菌株。例如， 蜡状芽孢杆菌是研究炭疽芽孢杆菌的有用模型，由于它们的进化关系密切。 B.炭疽病是一种专门的病原体，在人类和家畜中引起致命的吸入性炭疽病，可能被用作生物武器2 。因此，炭疽杆菌的实验室研究受到美国疾病控制中心的严格监管，要求生物安全3级（BSL-3）的做法，要求实验室区域以负压力隔离。与炭疽杆菌相反 。，蜡状芽孢杆菌被分类为BSL-1代理，因此具有最小的安全性问题。 蜡状芽孢杆菌是一种机会性病原体，在感染后会导致食物中毒，可以在没有医疗帮助的情况下治疗。然而，由于蜡状 芽孢杆菌与炭疽杆菌共享许多关键基因，可以使用蜡样芽孢杆菌 1的相应同系物研究炭疽杆菌蛋白质的功能。 炭疽杆菌的ba1554 - ba1558基因簇与bc1531 - bc1535簇高度保守 的蜡状 芽孢杆菌 ，以及苏云金芽孢杆菌的bt1364-bt1368簇，在基因组织和序列方面。此外，各簇的第一个基因（ ba1554 ， bc1531和bt1364 ）是绝对保守的（ 即 100％核苷酸序列同一性），暗示在芽孢杆菌属中引起基因产物的关键作用。由于其在这些基因簇中的位置， ba1554被误认为是推定的转录调节因子3 。然而， ba1554产品的氨基酸序列分析表明它属于MazG家族，其具有核苷酸的焦磷酸水解酶活性，与转录因子活性无关4,5 。虽然属于MazG家族的蛋白质在总体序列和长度上是不同的，但它们共有一个共同的〜100个残基的MazG结构域，其特征在于EXXE 12-28 EXXD基序（“X”代表任何氨基酸残基，表示X残基数）。 MazG域并不总是直接涉及某种催化活性。来自大肠杆菌 （EcMazG）的MazG成员具有两个MazG结构域，但是C末端MazG结构域具有酶活性6 。此外，MazG酶的底物特异性从非特异性核苷三磷酸（对于EcMazG）到特异性dCTP / dATP（用于整联蛋白相关MazG）和dUTP（对于dUTP酶） 6,7,8,9不同 。因此，BA1554蛋白的生物物理化学分析是确定其NTPase活性和破译其底物特异性所必需的。 在这里，我们提供了一个分步骤方案，大多数没有BSL-3设施的实验室可以跟踪分子水平上表现为蜡状芽孢杆菌b1515基因的蛋白质产物，这是B. anthracis ba1554的直系同源物。简言之，重组BC1531（rBC1531）在大肠杆菌中表达 ，并使用亲和标签纯化。对于X射线晶体学实验，结晶筛选和优化rBC1531蛋白的定位条件。为了评估rBC1531的酶活性，以比色法监测NTPase活性，以避免常规使用的放射性标记的核苷酸。最后，对获得的生物物理化学数据的分析使我们能够确定rBC1531的低聚状态和催化参数，以及从rBC1531晶体获得X射线衍射数据。

<table border="1" fo:keep-together.within-page="1" fo:keep-with-next.within-page="always">
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>Bacillus cereus ATCC14579</td>
			<td>Korean Collection for Tissue Culture</td>
			<td>3624</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Genomic DNA prep kit</td>
			<td>GeneAll</td>
			<td>106-101</td>
			<td>Genomic DNA preparation</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Forward primer</td>
			<td>Macrogen</td>
			<td>GAAGGATCCGGAAGCAAAAA 
			CGATGAAAGATATGCA</td>
			<td>BamHI site is underlined</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Reverse primer</td>
			<td>Macrogen</td>
			<td>CTTGTCGACTTATTCTTTCTCT 
			CCCTCATCAATACGTG</td>
			<td>SalI site is underlined</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>nPfu-Forte</td>
			<td>Enzynomics</td>
			<td>P410</td>
			<td>PCR polymerase</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>BamHI</td>
			<td>Enzynomics</td>
			<td>R003S</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>SalI</td>
			<td>Enzynomics</td>
			<td>R009S</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>pET49b expression vector</td>
			<td>Novagen</td>
			<td>71463</td>
			<td>Expression vector was modified to add affinity tags and BamHI/SalI sites10</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>T4 DNA ligase</td>
			<td>Enzynomics</td>
			<td>M001S</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Dialysis memebrane</td>
			<td>Thermofisher</td>
			<td>18265017</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Dry block heater</td>
			<td>JSR</td>
			<td>JSBL-02T</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>LB broth (Luria-Bertani)</td>
			<td>LPS solution</td>
			<td>LB-05</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>LB Agar, Miller (Luria-Bertani)</td>
			<td>Becton, Dickinson and Company</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Kanamycin</td>
			<td>LPS solution</td>
			<td>KAN025</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Mini-prep kit</td>
			<td>Favorgen</td>
			<td>FAPDE300</td>
			<td>Plasmid DNA preparation</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>BL21(DE3) Competent cell</td>
			<td>Novagen</td>
			<td>69450-3CN</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Isopropyl &#946;-D-1-thiogalactopyranoside (IPTG)</td>
			<td>Fisher BioReagents</td>
			<td>50-213-378</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Sodium chloride</td>
			<td>Daejung</td>
			<td>7548-4100</td>
			<td>PBS material</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Potassium chloride</td>
			<td>Daejung</td>
			<td>6566-4405</td>
			<td>PBS material</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Potassium phosphate</td>
			<td>Bio Basic Inc</td>
			<td>PB0445</td>
			<td>PBS material</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Sodium phosphate</td>
			<td>Bio Basic Inc</td>
			<td>S0404</td>
			<td>PBS material</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Imidazole</td>
			<td>Bio Basic Inc</td>
			<td>IB0277</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Sonicator</td>
			<td>Sonics</td>
			<td>VCX 130</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Ni-NTA agaros</td>
			<td>Qiagen</td>
			<td>30210</td>
			<td>Nickel bead</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Rotator</td>
			<td>Finepcr</td>
			<td>AG</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Precision Plus Protein Dual Color Standards</td>
			<td>Bio-rad</td>
			<td>1610374</td>
			<td>SDS-PAGE protein standard</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Coonmassie Brilliant Blue R-250</td>
			<td>Fisher BioReagents</td>
			<td>BP101-25</td>
			<td>Coomassie staining solution</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Methyl alcohol</td>
			<td>Samchun chemical</td>
			<td>M0585</td>
			<td>Coomassie staining solution</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Acetic acid</td>
			<td>Daejung</td>
			<td>1002-4105</td>
			<td>Coomassie staining solution</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Dialysis memebrane</td>
			<td>Thermofisher</td>
			<td>68035</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>2-Mercaptoethanol</td>
			<td>Sigma-aldrich</td>
			<td>M6250</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Thrombin</td>
			<td>Merckmillipore</td>
			<td>605157-1KUCN</td>
			<td>Prepare aliquots of 20 &#956;l (1 Unit per &#956;l) and store at 70 &#176;C and thaw before use</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Superdex 200 16/600</td>
			<td>General Electric</td>
			<td>28989335</td>
			<td>Size exclusion chromatography</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Gel filtration standard</td>
			<td>Bio-rad</td>
			<td>151-1901</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Centrifugal filter</td>
			<td>Amicon</td>
			<td>UFC800396</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Crystralization plates</td>
			<td>Hampton research</td>
			<td>HR3-083</td>
			<td>96-well sitting drop plate</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>The JCSG core suite I-IV</td>
			<td>Qiagen</td>
			<td>130924-130927</td>
			<td>Crystallization secreening solution</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Microscope</td>
			<td>Nikon</td>
			<td>SMZ745T</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Cryschem plates</td>
			<td>Hampton research</td>
			<td>HR3-158</td>
			<td>24-well sitting drop plate</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Inorganic pyrophosphatase</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>10108987001</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Ammonium molybdate solution</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>13106-76-8</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>L-ascorbic acid</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>50-81-7</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>NTP substrate</td>
			<td>Startagene</td>
			<td>200415-51</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Spectrophotometer</td>
			<td>Biotek</td>
			<td>SynergyH1</td>
			<td>microplate reader</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>GraphPad Prism 5</td>
			<td>GraphPad</td>
			<td>Prism 5 for Window</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

recombinant protein expression, crystallization, and biophysical studies of a bacillus-conserved nucleotide pyrophosphorylase, bcmazg

为了克服从真菌病​​原体研究基因和蛋白质时的安全限制和规定，可以研究其同源物。 炭疽芽孢杆菌是引起致命性吸入性炭疽的专性病原体。 蜡状芽孢杆菌被认为是研究炭疽杆菌由于其进化关系密切的有用模型。 炭疽杆菌的基因簇ba1554 -ba1558与枯草芽孢杆菌中的bc1531-bc1535簇以及苏云金芽孢杆菌中的bt1364-bt1368簇具有高度保守性，表明了相关基因在芽孢杆菌属中的关键作用。该手稿描述了使用其在蜡样 芽孢杆菌bc1531中其直向同源物的重组蛋白质来制备和表征来自炭疽杆菌的基因簇的第一基因（ ba1554 ）的蛋白质产物的方法。

本研究中所关注的蛋白质的表征开始于制备足量的重组乙型肝炎杆菌bc1531 （rBC1531）蛋白，优选多于几毫克。通过使用蜡状芽孢杆菌的基因组DNA作为模板，通过PCR制备编码BC1531蛋白的DNA片段，因为它含有与ba1554相同的直系同源基因。 rBC1531在大肠杆菌细胞中被过表达为可溶性蛋白。 rBC1531蛋白在其N末端12处用6x-组氨酸标签和凝血酶切割?...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Recombinant Protein Expression, Crystallization, and Biophysical Studies of a Bacillus-conserved Nucleotide Pyrophosphorylase, BcMazG at JoVE.com

Recombinant Protein Expression, Crystallization, and Biophysical Studies of a Bacillus-conserved Nucleotide Pyrophosphorylase, BcMazG

炭疽芽孢杆菌是致命性吸入性炭疽的专性病原体，因此对其基因和蛋白质的研究受到严格管制。另一种方法是研究直系同源基因。我们描述了蜡状芽孢杆菌Bc1531中的炭疽杆菌直系同源物的生物物理化学研究，需要最少的实验设备和缺乏严重的安全性问题。

重组蛋白表达，结晶和生物物理研究<em&gt;芽孢杆菌</em&gt; - 保守的核苷酸焦磷酸化酶，BcMazG

To overcome safety restrictions and regulations when studying genes and proteins from true pathogens, their homologues can be studied. Bacillus anthracis ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Biochemistry

Recombinant Protein Expression, Crystallization, and Biophysical Studies of a Bacillus-conserved Nucleotide Pyrophosphorylase, BcMazG

Thermostabilization, Expression, Purification, and Crystallization of the Human Serotonin Transporter Bound to S-citalopram

Thermostabilization, Expression, Purification, and Crystallization of the Human Serotonin Transporter Bound to S-citalopram

热稳定，表达，纯化，和人类血清素转运蛋白结晶绑定到<em&gt;取值</em&gt; -citalopram

The serotonin transporter is a sodium and chloride-coupled transporter that &#34;pumps&#34; extracellular serotonin into cells. S-citalopram is a drug ...

科研

生物化学

Production, Crystallization and Structure Determination of C. difficile PPEP-1 via Microseeding and Zinc-SAD

Production, Crystallization and Structure Determination of C. difficile PPEP-1 via Microseeding and Zinc-SAD

生产，结晶和结构测定<em&gt;℃。难辨</em&gt;通过Microseeding和锌SAD PPEP-1

New therapies are needed to treat Clostridium difficile infections that are a major threat to human health. The C. difficile metalloprotease PPEP-1 is a ...

Expression, Purification, Crystallization, and Enzyme Assays of Fumarylacetoacetate Hydrolase Domain-Containing Proteins

富玛莱酸氢酶含含蛋白质的表达、纯化、结晶和酶测定

Fumarylacetoacetate hydrolase (FAH) domain-containing proteins (FAHD) are identified members of the FAH superfamily in eukaryotes. Enzymes of this ...

Fully Processed Recombinant KRAS4b: Isolating and Characterizing the Farnesylated and Methylated Protein

完全加工重组KRAS4b：分离和描述脱脂和甲基化蛋白

Protein prenylation is a key modification that is responsible for targeting proteins to intracellular membranes. KRAS4b, which is mutated in 22% of human ...

PCR Mutagenesis, Cloning, Expression, Fast Protein Purification Protocols and Crystallization of the Wild Type and Mutant Forms of Tryptophan Synthase

PCR 突变体、克隆、表达、快速蛋白质纯化协议和色氨酸合成酶野生类型和突变形式的结晶

Structural studies with tryptophan synthase (TS) bienzyme complex (&#945;2&#946;2 TS) from Salmonella typhimurium have been performed to better understand ...

Production of Recombinant PRMT Proteins using the Baculovirus Expression Vector System

使用巴库洛病毒表达载体系统生产重组PRMT蛋白

Protein arginine methyltransferases (PRMTs) methylate arginine residues on a wide variety of proteins that play roles in numerous cellular processes. ...

A "Dual-Addition" Calcium Fluorescence Assay for the High-Throughput Screening of Recombinant G Protein-Coupled Receptors

用于重组G蛋白偶联受体高通量筛选的“双加法”钙荧光测定

G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) represent the largest superfamily of receptors and are the targets of numerous human drugs. High-throughput screening ...

High-Throughput Protein Crystallization via Microdialysis

High-Throughput Protein Crystallization via Microdialysis

通过微透析 实现 高通量蛋白质结晶

Understanding the structure-function relationships of macromolecules, such as proteins, at the molecular level is vital for biomedicine and modern drug ...

High-Throughput Screening for Protein Crystallization

High-Throughput Screening to Obtain Crystal Hits for Protein Crystallography

High-Throughput Screening to Obtain Crystal Hits for Protein Crystallography (Video) | JoVE 

高通量筛选以获得用于蛋白质晶体学的晶体命中

X-ray crystallography is the most commonly employed technique to discern macromolecular structures, but the crucial step of crystallizing a protein into ...

Protein Sample Setup and Crystallization

Protein Sample Setup and Crystallization (Video) | JoVE 

蛋白质样品设置和结晶