Name: four-color fluorescence immunohistochemistry of t-cell subpopulations in archival formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded human oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma samples
Uploaded: 2017-07-29T14:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Four-color Fluorescence Immunohistochemistry of T-cell Subpopulations in Archival Formalin-fixed, Paraffin-embedded Human Oropharyngeal Squamous Cell Carcinom

Simone Punt得到荷兰癌症协会授予的UL2010-4801的支持。我们要感谢原始论文的所有合作者，这份JoVE协议基于：Emilie A.Dronkers，Marij JP Welters，Renske Goedemans，SenadaKoljenović，Elisabeth Bloemena，Peter JF Snijders，Arko Gorter和Sjoerd van德伯格

患者样本按照“荷兰生物医学科学学会联合会人体组织适当二次使用行为守则”（www.federa.org）中所述的医学伦理指导进行处理。 准备幻灯片<ol><li>在获得医学伦理委员会许可使用切除材料后，从病理科获取切除的组织材料（任何种类的组织）。 注意：对于目前的实验，预处理的肿瘤样品是从1970年至2011年间在莱顿大学医学中心莱顿大学医学中心诊断的原发性口咽肿瘤?...

<ol>
	<li>Westra, W. H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+changing+face+of+head+and+neck+cancer+in+the+21st+century:+the+impact+of+HPV+on+the+epidemiology+and+pathology+of+oral+cancer.">The changing face of head and neck cancer in the 21st century: the impact of HPV on the epidemiology and pathology of oral cancer.</a> Head Neck Pathol. 3 (1), 78-81 (2009).</li><li>Rietbergen, M. M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Human+papillomavirus+detection+and+comorbidity:+critical+issues+in+selection+of+patients+with+oropharyngeal+cancer+for+treatment+De-escalation+trials.">Human papillomavirus detection and comorbidity: critical issues in selection of patients with oropharyngeal cancer for treatment De-escalation trials.</a> Ann Oncol. 24 (11), 2740-2745 (2013).</li><li>Wallis, S. P., Stafford, N. D., Greenman, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Clinical+relevance+of+immune+parameters+in+the+tumor+microenvironment+of+head+and+neck+cancers.">Clinical relevance of immune parameters in the tumor microenvironment of head and neck cancers.</a> Head Neck. 37 (3), 449-459 (2015).</li><li>Ye, J., Livergood, R. S., Peng, G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+role+and+regulation+of+human+Th17+cells+in+tumor+immunity.">The role and regulation of human Th17 cells in tumor immunity.</a> Am J Pathol. 182 (1), 10-20 (2013).</li><li>Amedei, A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Ex+vivo+analysis+of+pancreatic+cancer-infiltrating+T+lymphocytes+reveals+that+ENO-specific+Tregs+accumulate+in+tumor+tissue+and+inhibit+Th1/Th17+effector+cell+functions.">Ex vivo analysis of pancreatic cancer-infiltrating T lymphocytes reveals that ENO-specific Tregs accumulate in tumor tissue and inhibit Th1/Th17 effector cell functions.</a> Cancer Immunol Immunother. 62 (7), 1249-1260 (2013).</li><li>Whiteside, T. L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=What+are+regulatory+T+cells+(Treg)+regulating+in+cancer+and+why?.">What are regulatory T cells (Treg) regulating in cancer and why?.</a> Semin Cancer Biol. 22 (4), 327-334 (2012).</li><li>Punt, S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Angels+and+demons:+Th17+cells+represent+a+beneficial+response,+while+neutrophil+IL-17+is+associated+with+poor+prognosis+in+squamous+cervical+cancer.">Angels and demons: Th17 cells represent a beneficial response, while neutrophil IL-17 is associated with poor prognosis in squamous cervical cancer.</a> Oncoimmunology. 4 (1), e984539 (2015).</li><li>Bamias, A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Significant+differences+of+lymphocytes+isolated+from+ascites+of+patients+with+ovarian+cancer+compared+to+blood+and+tumor+lymphocytes.+Association+of+CD3+CD56++cells+with+platinum+resistance.">Significant differences of lymphocytes isolated from ascites of patients with ovarian cancer compared to blood and tumor lymphocytes. Association of CD3+CD56+ cells with platinum resistance.</a> Gynecol Oncol. 106 (1), 75-81 (2007).</li><li>Gasparoto, T. H., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Patients+with+oral+squamous+cell+carcinoma+are+characterized+by+increased+frequency+of+suppressive+regulatory+T+cells+in+the+blood+and+tumor+microenvironment.">Patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma are characterized by increased frequency of suppressive regulatory T cells in the blood and tumor microenvironment.</a> Cancer Immunol Immunother. 59 (6), 819-828 (2010).</li><li>Jordanova, E. S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Human+leukocyte+antigen+class+I,+MHC+class+I+chain-related+molecule+A,+and+CD8+/regulatory+T-cell+ratio:+which+variable+determines+survival+of+cervical+cancer+patients?.">Human leukocyte antigen class I, MHC class I chain-related molecule A, and CD8+/regulatory T-cell ratio: which variable determines survival of cervical cancer patients?.</a> Clin Cancer Res. 14 (7), 2028-2035 (2008).</li><li>van Esch, E. M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Alterations+in+classical+and+nonclassical+HLA+expression+in+recurrent+and+progressive+HPV-induced+usual+vulvar+intraepithelial+neoplasia+and+implications+for+immunotherapy.">Alterations in classical and nonclassical HLA expression in recurrent and progressive HPV-induced usual vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia and implications for immunotherapy.</a> Int J Cancer. 135 (4), 830-842 (2014).</li><li>Heeren, A. M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Prognostic+effect+of+different+PD-L1+expression+patterns+in+squamous+cell+carcinoma+and+adenocarcinoma+of+the+cervix.">Prognostic effect of different PD-L1 expression patterns in squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma of the cervix.</a> Mod Pathol. 29 (7), 753-763 (2016).</li><li>Punt, S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+beneficial+tumor+microenvironment+in+oropharyngeal+squamous+cell+carcinoma+is+characterized+by+a+high+T+cell+and+low+IL-17(+)+cell+frequency.">A beneficial tumor microenvironment in oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma is characterized by a high T cell and low IL-17(+) cell frequency.</a> Cancer Immunol Immunother. 65 (4), 393-403 (2016).</li><li>Kirkwood, B. R., Sterne, J. A. 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对于所述的方案，最关键的步骤之一是确定所使用的一抗的正确稀释度。标记的二次抗体的稀释度为1:200，如这些特异性Alexa标记的抗体的制造商所推荐的。然后通过连续稀释来确定一抗的稀释度，优选使用两种不同样本的预期组织类型（在这种情况下，OPSCC）。最佳工作稀释度是在没有背景噪声的情况下获得清除信号并且在相同浓度下没有阴性对照的信号的稀释。根据可用的显微镜​​类型和研?...

口咽鳞状细胞癌（OPSCC）是起源于口咽部的鳞状细胞癌的异质组。危险因素包括OPSCC人乳头瘤病毒（HPV）感染和使用酒精和烟草1,2。免疫反应的作用以及如何在临床环境中使用这种作用刚刚开始探索。肿瘤微环境被吸引到癌症部位的免疫细胞渗透。尽管高CD8 +细胞毒性T细胞频率已经与OPSCC患​​者3的改善生存率相关，但其他T细胞亚群（包括Treg和Th17细胞）的作用尚不清楚4 。而Th1和Th17细胞被认为有助于靶向肿瘤细胞的免疫应答，Treg因其抑制其他T细胞活性的能力而众所周知5 。但是，T的存在暂存器已经发现，在不同的肿瘤类型6有利和不利的响应相关。由于并非所有存在于血液中的免疫细胞以相同的程度渗透到肿瘤中，所以研究局部肿瘤微环境提供了针对肿瘤的免疫应答的最可靠的测量。本研究的目的是确定免疫细胞数量和类型与临床结果之间的相关性。我们使用四色荧光IHC成像分析人类OPSCC中各种T细胞亚群的数量和定位。 我们专注于总T淋巴细胞（CD3 + ），Th17细胞和免疫抑制性FoxP3 + Treg，其分化途径与Th17细胞密切相关。 Th17细胞的特征在于CD3和IL-17的组合。细胞因子IL-17也可以由非T细胞产生7 。我们确定了intra-epit的分布在一系列OPSCC病例中的Helic和基质T细胞，Treg，Th17和IL-17 +非T细胞，并分析与患者生存的相关性。多色荧光IHC用于鉴定CD3，Foxp3和IL-17的表达，与DAPI复染色结合。该测定允许容易且清楚地鉴定肿瘤细胞（使用DAPI核染色）和浸润性T细胞群体（使用不同标记物的组合）。样品制备和染色后，使用荧光显微镜和成像软件分离所使用的不同荧光颜色，并确定存在于肿瘤上皮细胞和肿瘤相关基质中的细胞的数量和类型。 用于量化和表型免疫细胞群体的替代测定法是通过肿瘤或外周样品（ 即血液或腹水）的流式细胞术分析或通过飞行时间（CyTOF）分析的细胞计数。使用这个技术，丢失了关于不同细胞类型的定位和相对分布的所有信息。外周样品的使用和分析也不提供关于哪些细胞能够渗透肿瘤微环境的信息。血液和腹水免疫细胞的分析已经示出不以反映肿瘤组织8,9的免疫细胞浸润的表型和频率。 另一个选择是使用明视野显微镜。这种技术优于荧光成像的优点是没有组织自体荧光。虽然一些样品含有更多的自发荧光 - 特别是红细胞，但也包括其他细胞类型，包括嗜中性粒细胞 - 这些区域可以在几乎所有样品的分析中容易地去除。免疫荧光提供了通过使用一组靶向荧光分析一个样品中的多个标记物的优点nt波长。由于缺乏足够数量的标记物和用于特定抗原的商业上可获得的抗体同种型，目前对于明视野显微术来说，这是不可能的。 这里所描述的多色荧光IHC技术已在许多不同的癌症类型和抗体组合被用于研究不同的免疫细胞群，以及肿瘤细胞表达的分子，如人白细胞抗原（HLA）和PD-L1 10，11， 12 。该方案已经使用许多不同类型的样品和抗体建立和验证。

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="1379">
	<tbody>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:375px;">Pathos Delta Ultra Rapid Tissue Processor</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">Milestone and Histostar</td>
			<td style="width:143px;"></td>
			<td style="width:696px;">Automated tissue processor</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:375px;">Histostar</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">Thermo Scientific&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:143px;"></td>
			<td style="width:696px;">Tissue block embedding machine</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:375px;">Formaldehyde</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">Baker</td>
			<td style="width:143px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:375px;">Xylol</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">Merck</td>
			<td style="width:143px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:375px;">Ethanol</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">Merck</td>
			<td style="width:143px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:375px;">milliQ water</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">Elaga Purelab Chorus</td>
			<td style="width:143px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:375px;">Paraffin wax/Paraclean</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">Klinipath</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">5079A</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:375px;">Microtome tissue holder&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">Leica</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">RM225</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Flex IHC side</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">Dako</td>
			<td style="width:143px;"></td>
			<td>Tissue slide</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:375px;">Tris</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">Merk-Milipore</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">1,083,821,000</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:375px;">EDTA</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">Baker</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">1073</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:375px;">PBS</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">Bio-Rad</td>
			<td>BUF036A</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:375px;">BSA</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">Sigma</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">A9647</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:375px;">Rabbit anti-CD3</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">Abcam</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">ab828</td>
			<td>Titrate required antibody dilution</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:375px;">Mouse IgG1 anti-FoxP3</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">Abcam</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">ab20034</td>
			<td>Titrate required antibody dilution</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:375px;">Goat IgG anti-IL-17</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">R&#38;D Systems</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">AF-317-NA</td>
			<td>Titrate required antibody dilution</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:375px;">Rabbit Ig isotype control antibody</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">Abcam</td>
			<td>ab27472</td>
			<td>Use at same final concentration as anti-CD3</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:375px;">Mouse IgG1 isotype control antibody</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">Abcam</td>
			<td>ab91353</td>
			<td>Use at same final concentration as anti-FoxP3</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:375px;">Goat IgG isotype control antibody</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">ThermoFisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">02-6202</td>
			<td>Use at same final concentration as anti-IL-17</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:375px;">Donkey anti-rabbit IgG A546</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">ThermoFisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">A10040</td>
			<td>Dilute 1:200 in 1% BSA/PBS</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:375px;">Donkey anti-mouse-A647</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">ThermoFisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">A31571</td>
			<td>Dilute 1:200 in 1% BSA/PBS</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:375px;">Donkey anti-goat IgG A488</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">ThermoFisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">A11055</td>
			<td>Dilute 1:200 in 1% BSA/PBS</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:375px;">VectaShield containing DAPI</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">Vector Laboratories</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">H-1200</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:375px;">LSM700 confocal laser scanning microscope&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">Zeiss</td>
			<td style="width:143px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:375px;">LCI Plan-Neofluar 25x/0.8 Imm Korr DIC M27 objective</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">Zeiss</td>
			<td>420852-9972-720</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:375px;">LSM Zen Software</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">Zeiss</td>
			<td>version 2009</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:375px;">LSM Image Browser</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">Zeiss</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">version 4.2.0.121</td>
			<td>Available to download at www.zeiss.com/microscopy/int/website/downloads/lsm-image-browser.html.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:375px;">SPSS</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">IBM Corp.</td>
			<td style="width:143px;">version 20.0</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:375px;">ImageJ</td>
			<td style="width:167px;"></td>
			<td style="width:143px;">version 1.50i</td>
			<td>Available to download at http://rsb.info.nih.gov/ij.</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
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four-color fluorescence immunohistochemistry of t-cell subpopulations in archival formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded human oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma samples

四色荧光免疫组织化学（IHC）技术是一种量化目标细胞群的方法，同时考虑到其相对分布及其在组织中的定位。该技术已被广泛应用于研究各种肿瘤类型的免疫浸润。肿瘤微环境被吸引到肿瘤部位的免疫细胞浸润。已经发现不同的免疫细胞群体在肿瘤微环境中发挥不同的作用，并且对疾病的结果具有不同的影响。本手册以口咽鳞状细胞癌（OPSCC）为例介绍了多参数荧光IHC的应用。该技术可以扩展到其他组织样本和感兴趣的细胞类型。在本研究中，我们分析了大型OPSCC队列的上皮内和间质隔室（n = 162）。我们专注于总T淋巴细胞（CD3 + ），免疫抑制调节（Tregs， 即 FoxP3 + ）和T辅助细胞17（Th17）细胞（ 即 IL-17 + CD3 + ），使用核复染色体将肿瘤上皮细胞与基质区分开来。发现大量的T细胞与肿瘤内IL-17 +非T细胞数量较少的患者的无病生存率相关。这表明IL-17 +非T细胞可能与OPSCC中的不良免疫反应相关，这与IL-17和癌症患者的存活率差相关。目前，正在开发使用多达7种不同荧光染料的新型多参数荧光IHC技术，并且能够使肿瘤微环境中的免疫细胞更精确地表征和定位。

从1970年至2011年间，莱顿大学医学中心莱顿大学医学中心（Leiden，荷兰莱顿大学医学中心）诊断的一系列FFPE预处理肿瘤样本，如前所述（n = 162）选择，使用所述方案13进行染色。分析每张幻灯片的1到4个随机图像（ 图1 ）。指出一些自体荧光细胞，其可以通过其完整的黄色外观而明确区分。在这种情况下，细胞真正的双重或三重阳?...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Four-color Fluorescence Immunohistochemistry of T-cell Subpopulations in Archival Formalin-fixed, Paraffin-embedded Human Oropharyngeal Squamous Cell Carcinom

Four-color Fluorescence Immunohistochemistry of T-cell Subpopulations in Archival Formalin-fixed, Paraffin-embedded Human Oropharyngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Samples

多参数荧光免疫组织化学可用于评估肿瘤微环境中免疫细胞群体的数量，相对分布和定位。该手稿描述了使用这种技术来分析口咽癌中的T细胞亚群。

档案福尔马林固定，石蜡包埋的人类口咽鳞状细胞癌样品中T细胞亚群的四色荧光免疫组织化学

The four-color fluorescence immunohistochemistry (IHC) technique is a method to quantify cell populations of interest while taking into account their ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Cancer Research

A Model for Perineural Invasion in Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma

在头颈部鳞状细胞癌的神经浸润模型

Perineural invasion (PNI) is found in approximately 40% of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC). Despite multimodal treatment with surgery, ...

科研

癌症研究

Therapy Testing in a Spheroid-based 3D Cell Culture Model for Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma

基于球形的头颈部鳞状细胞癌3D 细胞培养模型的治疗试验

Current treatment options for advanced and recurrent head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) enclose radiation and chemo-radiation approaches with ...

Fabrication of Tongue Extracellular Matrix and Reconstitution of Tongue Squamous Cell Carcinoma In Vitro

Fabrication of Tongue Extracellular Matrix and Reconstitution of Tongue Squamous Cell Carcinoma In Vitro

舌细胞外基质的制备与舌鳞癌体外重建

In order to construct an effective and realistic model for tongue squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC) in vitro, the methods were created to produce ...

Determination of Protein Expression Level in Cultured Cells by Immunocytochemistry on Paraffin-embedded Cell Blocks

石蜡嵌段细胞免疫细胞化学法测定培养体细胞蛋白质表达水平

Immunofluorescent staining is currently the method of choice for determination of protein expression levels in cell-culture systems when morphological ...

Elastic Staining on Paraffin-embedded Slides of pT3N0M0 Gastric Cancer Tissue

pT3N0M0 胃癌组织石蜡嵌入幻灯片上的弹性染色

The elastic lamina, which is usually located in the sub-mesothelial layer, adjacent to the peritoneum mesothelial cells, is amphiphilic on hematoxylin and ...

Automated Multiplex Immunofluorescence Panel for Immuno-oncology Studies on Formalin-fixed Carcinoma Tissue Specimens

福尔马林固定癌组织标本免疫肿瘤学自动复合免疫荧光小组研究

Continued developments in immuno-oncology require an increased understanding of the mechanisms of cancer immunology. The immunoprofiling analysis of ...

Evaluation of Biomarkers in Glioma by Immunohistochemistry on Paraffin-Embedded 3D Glioma Neurosphere Cultures

石蜡包埋三维胶质瘤神经球培养的免疫组织化学评价胶质瘤生物标志物

Analysis of protein expression in glioma is relevant for several aspects in the study of its pathology. Numerous proteins have been described as ...

Intramucosal Inoculation of Squamous Cell Carcinoma Cells in Mice for Tumor Immune Profiling and Treatment Response Assessment

小鼠鳞状细胞细胞的肿瘤免疫分析及治疗反应评价

Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is a debilitating and deadly disease with a high prevalence of recurrence and treatment failure. To develop ...

Multidimensional Coculture System to Model Lung Squamous Carcinoma Progression

多维共同培养系统模拟肺鳞癌进展

Tumor-stroma interactions play a critical role in the development of lung squamous carcinoma (LUSC). However, understanding how these dynamic interactions ...

Expanding the Comprehension of the Tumor Microenvironment using Mass Spectrometry Imaging of Formalin-Fixed and Paraffin-Embedded Tissue Samples

使用福尔马林固定和石蜡包埋组织样品的质谱成像扩展肿瘤微环境的理解

Advances in immune-based therapies have revolutionized cancer treatment and research. This has triggered growing demand for the characterization of the ...