Name: direct re-implantation of left coronary artery into the aorta in adults with anomalous origin of left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery (alcapa)
Uploaded: 2017-04-24T15:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Direct Re-implantation of Left Coronary Artery into the Aorta in Adults with Anomalous Origin of Left Coronary Artery from the Pulmonary Artery ALCAPA at JoVE

Diese Arbeit wurde unterstützt durch einen Zuschuss der Schweizer Kardiovaskuläre Stiftung RT unterstützt.

Das Protokoll folgt den Richtlinien des Instituts der menschlichen Forschungsethikkommission der Universität Zürich. 1. Vorbereitung für Chirurgie <ol><li> Reinigen und die chirurgische Suite in einer typischen Art und Weise herzustellen. Um die Kommunikation zwischen dem Chirurgen und dem Kardiotechniker zu erleichtern, legen Sie die Herz-Lungen-Maschine auf der linken Seite des Patienten, gegenüber dem Chirurgen. </li><li> Pre behandeln die Patienten durch die orale Verabreichung von...

<ol>
	<li>Dodge-Khatami, A., Mavroudis, C., Backer, C. L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Anomalous+origin+of+the+left+coronary+artery+from+the+pulmonary+artery:+collective+review+of+surgical+therapy.">Anomalous origin of the left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery: collective review of surgical therapy.</a> Ann. Thorac. Surg. 74 (3), 946-955 (2002).</li><li>Keith, J. D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+anomalous+origin+of+the+left+coronary+artery+from+the+pulmonary+artery.">The anomalous origin of the left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery.</a> Br. Heart J. 21 (2), 149-161 (1959).</li><li>Hauser, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Congenital+anomalies+of+the+coronary+arteries.">Congenital anomalies of the coronary arteries.</a> Heart. 91 (9), 1240-1245 (2005).</li><li>Wesselhoeft, H., Fawcett, J. S., Johnson, A. L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Anomalous+origin+of+the+left+coronary+artery+from+the+pulmonary+trunk.+Its+clinical+spectrum,+pathology,+and+pathophysiology,+based+on+a+review+of+140+cases+with+seven+further+cases.">Anomalous origin of the left coronary artery from the pulmonary trunk. Its clinical spectrum, pathology, and pathophysiology, based on a review of 140 cases with seven further cases.</a> Circulation. 38 (2), 403-425 (1968).</li><li>Edwards, J. E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+direction+of+blood+flow+in+coronary+arteries+arising+from+the+pulmonary+trunk.">The direction of blood flow in coronary arteries arising from the pulmonary trunk.</a> Circulation. 29 (2), 163-166 (1964).</li><li>Agustsson, M. H., Gasul, B. M., Fell, H., Graettinger, J. S., Bicoff, J. P., Waterman, D. F. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Anomalous+origin+of+the+left+coronary+artery+from+the+pulmonary+artery+diagnosis+and+treatment+of+infantile+and+adult+types.">Anomalous origin of the left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery diagnosis and treatment of infantile and adult types.</a> JAMA. 180 (1), 15-21 (1962).</li><li>Roberts, S. M., Banbury, T., Mehta, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+rare+case+of+anomalous+left+coronary+artery+from+the+pulmonary+artery+(Bland-White-Garland+Syndrome)+in+a+68-year-old+woman.">A rare case of anomalous left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery (Bland-White-Garland Syndrome) in a 68-year-old woman.</a> Semin. Cardiothorac. Vasc. Anesth. , (2016).</li><li>Yau, J. M., Singh, R., Halpern, E. J., Fischman, D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Anomalous+origin+of+the+left+coronary+artery+from+the+pulmonary+artery+in+adults:+a+comprehensive+review+of+151+adult+cases+and+a+new+diagnosis+in+a+53-year-old+woman.">Anomalous origin of the left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery in adults: a comprehensive review of 151 adult cases and a new diagnosis in a 53-year-old woman.</a> Clin. Cardiol. 34 (4), 204-210 (2011).</li><li>Michielon, G., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Anomalous+coronary+artery+origin+from+the+pulmonary+artery:+correlation+between+surgical+timing+and+left+ventricular+function+recovery.">Anomalous coronary artery origin from the pulmonary artery: correlation between surgical timing and left ventricular function recovery.</a> Ann. Thorac. Surg. 76 (2), 581-588 (2003).</li><li>Dodge-Khatami, A., Mavroudis, C., Backer, C. L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Congenital+Heart+Surgery+Nomenclature+and+Database+Project:+anomalies+of+the+coronary+arteries.">Congenital Heart Surgery Nomenclature and Database Project: anomalies of the coronary arteries.</a> Ann. Thorac. Surg. 69 (4 Suppl), S270-S297 (2000).</li><li>Talwar, S., Jha, A. J., Choudhary, S. K., Gupta, S. K., Airan, B. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Repair+of+anomalous+left+coronary+artery+from+pulmonary+artery+(ALCAPA)+beyond+infancy.">Repair of anomalous left coronary artery from pulmonary artery (ALCAPA) beyond infancy.</a> Heart Surg. Forum. 16 (4), E210-E215 (2013).</li><li>Toumpourleka, M., Belitsis, G., Alonso, R., Rubens, M., Moat, N., Gatzoulis, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Late+presentation+and+surgical+repair+of+ALCAPA.">Late presentation and surgical repair of ALCAPA.</a> Int. J. Cardiol. 186, 207-209 (2015).</li><li>Quah, J. X., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+management+of+the+older+adult+patient+with+anomalous+left+coronary+artery+from+the+pulmonary+artery+syndrome:+a+presentation+of+two+cases+and+review+of+the+literature.">The management of the older adult patient with anomalous left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery syndrome: a presentation of two cases and review of the literature.</a> Congenit. Heart Dis. 9 (6), E185-E194 (2014).</li><li>Kottayil, B. P., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Anomalous+origin+of+left+coronary+artery+from+pulmonary+artery+in+older+children+and+adults:+direct+aortic+implantation.">Anomalous origin of left coronary artery from pulmonary artery in older children and adults: direct aortic implantation.</a> Ann. Thorac. Surg. 91 (2), 549-553 (2011).</li><li>Rajbanshi, B. G., Burkhart, H. M., Schaff, H. V., Daly, R. C., Phillips, S. D., Dearani, J. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Surgical+strategies+for+anomalous+origin+of+coronary+artery+from+pulmonary+artery+in+adults.">Surgical strategies for anomalous origin of coronary artery from pulmonary artery in adults.</a> J. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg. 148 (1), 220-224 (2014).</li><li>Neumann, A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Long-term+results+after+repair+of+anomalous+origin+of+left+coronary+artery+from+the+pulmonary+artery:+Takeuchi+repair+versus+coronary+transfer.">Long-term results after repair of anomalous origin of left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery: Takeuchi repair versus coronary transfer.</a> Eur. J. Cardio-Thorac. Surg. , (2016).</li><li>Pe&#241;a, E., Nguyen, E. T., Merchant, N., Dennie, C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=ALCAPA+syndrome:+not+just+a+pediatric+disease.">ALCAPA syndrome: not just a pediatric disease.</a> Radiographics. 29 (2), 553-565 (2009).</li></ol>

Dieses Protokoll beschreibt eine detaillierte Technik für die direkte Wieder Implantation des ALCAPA in die Aorta bei einem erwachsenen Patienten , wobei der Ursprung der linken Koronararterie Haupt von rechts gerichteten sinus der Pulmonalarterie nach der Ausweichen-Khatami Klassifizierung 10. Die Myokard-Schutzstrategie und die Rekonstruktion der Lungenarterie sind klar dargestellt. Der Haupt wichtige Schritt dieser Technik wird durch die großzügige Mobilisierung der linken Koronararterie st...

Anomale Ursprung der linken Koronararterie aus der Pulmonalarterie (ALCAPA) ist eine seltene angeborene Anomalie in der Regel als eine isolierte Läsion 1 gesehen. Die Inzidenz von ALCAPA wird bei 1 in 300.000 Lebendgeburten Schätzwert, umfassend zwischen 0,24% und 0,46% der kongenitalen Herzerkrankungen 2, 3. Es ist eine der häufigsten Ursachen für myokardiale Ischämie und Infarkt bei Kindern und, wenn sie unbehandelt, führt zu einer 90% Sterblichkeit im ersten Lebensjahr 4. Nur 10 bis 15% der Kinder überlebt aufgrund der raschen Entwicklung einer großen dominanten rechten Koronararterie (RCA) mit umfangreichen intercoronary Kollateralen 4 bis zum Erwachsenenalter. Während der neonatalen Periode hohe pulmonaler Gefäßwiderstand und der erhaltenen Pulmonalarterie (PA) Druck sicherzustellen, dass anterograden Fluss wird von der PA in die anomale linke Koronararterie gehalten. Als PULMONARy Gefäßwiderstand allmählich abnimmt, anterograden Fluss zu der linken Koronararterie reduziert. Dies führt schließlich zu Strömungsumkehr, und von links nach rechts Rangieren in das PA, also in einem resultierenden „koronarer stehlen 5.“ Somit linksventrikulären (LV) abhängig Myokardperfusion auf intercoronary Kollateralen von einem RCA 5, 6. Die Koronar - Steal - Phänomen und retrogrades linksseitigen Koronarfluss liefern einen Substrat für chronische subendocardial Ischämie, die durch akute Myokardischämie 7 auszufällenden linksventrikulärer Dysfunktion, ischämische Mitralinsuffizienz und maligne ventrikuläre Arrhythmien führen kann. In einer Untergruppe von erwachsenen Patienten, das mittlere Alter bei der Präsentation ist 41 Jahre, mit einer Verschiebung in Geschlechtsverteilung zu weiblichen Patienten (weiblich-zu-Mann - Verhältnis: 2: 1) 8. In dieser Patientenpopulation, 14% sind asymptomatisch; 66% vorliegt mitSymptome der Angina pectoris, Atemnot, Herzklopfen oder Müdigkeit; und 17% vorhanden mit lebensbedrohlichen Symptomen, einschließlich dem ventrikulären Arrhythmien, Synkope, und plötzlichen Herztod 8. Das durchschnittliche Alter der lebensbedrohlichen Präsentation ist 33 Jahre und für einen plötzlichen Herztod 31 Jahre 8. Daher ist eine chirurgische Korrektur hoch, sobald empfohlen , da die Diagnose gestellt wird, unabhängig von Alter oder dem Grad der intercoronary Besicherung 1, 9. Je nach Herkunft der anomalen linken Koronararterie, direkte Wieder Implantation des ALCAPA in die Aorta ist die physiologisch Klangreparaturtechnik, die Dual-Koronarperfusion System wiederherzustellen. Am häufigsten ALCAPA nimmt von der rechten Lungenhöhle (Sinus 1 des PA), die Gesichter der Aortensinus , wo die Haupt linken Koronararterie in der Regel stammt (Sinus 2 der Aorta) ab 10 &lt;/ Sup&gt;. Diese Koronaranatomie eignet sich am besten auf die direkte Wiederimplantationstechnik. Das Ziel dieses Berichts ist es im Detail, die Technik für die direkte Wieder Implantation der linken Koronararterie in ALCAPA bei erwachsenen Patienten zu beschreiben. Das Grundprinzip hinter direktem Wieder Implantation ist der Vorteil der physiologische-Wiederherstellung der Dual-Koronarperfusion-it bietet über die Ligatur der koronaren anomalen linksen kombiniert mit koronarer Bypass 11, 12, 13.

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	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>Heart surgery infrastructure:</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Heart Lung Machine</td>
			<td>Stockert</td>
			<td>SIII</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>EOPA 24Fr. arterial cannula</td>
			<td>Medtronic</td>
			<td>77624</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Quickdraw 25Fr. femoral venous cannula</td>
			<td>Edwards</td>
			<td>QD25</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>LV vent catheter 17Fr.</td>
			<td>Edwards</td>
			<td>E061</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Antegrade 9Fr. cardioplegia cannula</td>
			<td>Edwards</td>
			<td>AR012V</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Retrograde 14Fr. cardioplegia cannula&#160;</td>
			<td>Edwards</td>
			<td>NPC014&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Electrocautery</td>
			<td>Covidien</td>
			<td>Force FX</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Name</td>
			<td>Company</td>
			<td>Catalog number</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Sutures:</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Polypropylene 4/0</td>
			<td>Ethicon</td>
			<td>8871H</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Polypropylene 5/0</td>
			<td>Ethicon</td>
			<td>8870H</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Polypropylene 6/0</td>
			<td>Ethicon</td>
			<td>EH7400H</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Braided polyesther 2/0 ligature with polybutylate coating&#160;</td>
			<td>Ethicon</td>
			<td>X305H</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Intergard dacron graft 8 mm</td>
			<td>Maquet</td>
			<td>IGW0008-30</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Micro knife Sharpoint&#160;</td>
			<td>TYCO Healthcare PTY&#160;</td>
			<td>78-6900</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Name</td>
			<td>Company</td>
			<td>Catalog number</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Drugs:</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Midazolam</td>
			<td>Roche Pharma</td>
			<td>N05CD08</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Rocuronium</td>
			<td><a href="https://www.compendium.ch/comp/mnr/22695/de">MSD Merck Sharp &#38; Dohme&#160;</a></td>
			<td>M03AC09</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Propofol</td>
			<td>Fresenius Kabi</td>
			<td>N01AX10</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Fentanil</td>
			<td>Actavis</td>
			<td>N01AH01</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Name</td>
			<td>Company</td>
			<td>Catalog number</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Instruments:</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Cooley Derra anastomosis clamp</td>
			<td>Delacroix-Chevalier</td>
			<td>DC40810-16</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Cooley vascular clamp</td>
			<td>Delacroix-Chevalier</td>
			<td>DC40810-16</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Dissection forceps Carpentier</td>
			<td>Delacroix-Chevalier</td>
			<td>DC13110-28&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Scissors Metzenbaum</td>
			<td>Delacroix-Chevalier</td>
			<td>B351751</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Needle holder Ryder</td>
			<td>Delacroix-Chevalier</td>
			<td>DC51130-20&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Dissection forceps DeBakey</td>
			<td>Delacroix-Chevalier</td>
			<td>DC12000-21&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Micro needle holder Jacobson</td>
			<td>Delacroix-Chevalier</td>
			<td>DC50002-21&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Micro scisors Jacobson</td>
			<td>Delacroix-Chevalier</td>
			<td>DC20057-21&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Lung retractor</td>
			<td>Delacroix-Chevalier</td>
			<td>B803990</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Allis clamp</td>
			<td>Delacroix-Chevalier</td>
			<td>DC45907-25&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>O&#8217;Shaugnessy Dissector</td>
			<td>Delacroix-Chevalier</td>
			<td>B60650</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Vessel loop</td>
			<td>Medline</td>
			<td>VLMINY</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>18 blade knife</td>
			<td>Delacroix-Chevalier</td>
			<td>B130180</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Leriche haemostatic clamp</td>
			<td>Delacroix-Chevalier</td>
			<td>B86555</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

direct re-implantation of left coronary artery into the aorta in adults with anomalous origin of left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery (alcapa)

Anomale Ursprung der linken Koronararterie aus der Pulmonalarterie (ALCAPA) ist eine seltene angeborene Anomalie, welche eine der Hauptursachen für Myokardischämie und Infarkt bei Kindern ist. Wenn unbehandelt, führt sie zu einer 90% igen Sterblichkeit im ersten Lebensjahr. Bei Patienten, die mit dem Erwachsenenalter überleben, stehlen die koronare Phänomen und retrograden linksseitigen koronaren Flusses ein Substrat für chronische subendokardialen Ischämie bereitzustellen, die linksventrikuläre Dysfunktion, ischämischer Mitralinsuffizienz, maligne ventrikuläre Arrhythmien und plötzlichen Herztod führen können. Das durchschnittliche Alter der lebensbedrohlichen Präsentation ist 33 Jahre und für einen plötzlichen Herztod 31 Jahre. Daher ist eine chirurgische Korrektur hoch, sobald empfohlen, da die Diagnose gestellt wird, unabhängig vom Alter. Bei erwachsenen-Typ ALCAPA von rechts gerichteten sinus der Pulmonalarterie Ursprung direkter Wieder Implantation des ALCAPA in die Aorta ist die mehr physiologisch Schallreparaturtechnik to Wiederherstellung des Dual-Koronarperfusion System und wird empfohlen. Dieses Protokoll beschreibt die Technik des direkten Wieder Implantation von Erwachsenen-Typ ALCAPA in die Aorta.

<html> Präsentation Der Patient war eine 48-jährige Frau mit dem jüngsten Ausbruch der Angina Canadian Cardiovascular Society (CCS) grade III und gelegentlichen Klopfens zu präsentieren. Sie berichtete, drei ereignislos Schwangerschaften. Moderate Rauchen war der Haupt kardiovaskuläre Risikofaktor. Transthorakalen Echokardiografie zeigte eine mäßig beeinträchtigt (45%) linksventrikuläre Ejektionsfraktion und keine Mitrali...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Direct Re-implantation of Left Coronary Artery into the Aorta in Adults with Anomalous Origin of Left Coronary Artery from the Pulmonary Artery ALCAPA at JoVE

Direct Re-implantation of Left Coronary Artery into the Aorta in Adults with Anomalous Origin of Left Coronary Artery from the Pulmonary Artery ALCAPA

Chirurgische Korrektur von ALCAPA ist sehr zu empfehlen, unabhängig von Alter oder dem Grad der intercoronary Besicherung. Dieses Protokoll stellt eine Technik für die direkte Wieder Implantation von Erwachsenen-Typ ALCAPA in die Aorta, die Dual-Koronarperfusion wieder herzustellen. Wann immer möglich, direkte Wiederimplantation zu anderen chirurgischen Korrekturtechniken bevorzugt.

Direkter Wieder Implantation von linken Koronararterie in die Aorta bei Erwachsenen mit Anomale Ursprung der linken Koronararterie aus der Lungenarterie (ALCAPA)

Anomalous origin of the left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery (ALCAPA) is a rare congenital anomaly which is one of leading causes of myocardial ...

The overall goal of this surgical procedure is to reconnect the anomalous left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery directly into the aorta. This method improves on the surgical correction of the ALCAPA, such as by relieving tension on the coronary anastomosis. But the main advantage of this technique is that it provides a great physiological restitution of the dual coronary perfusion.Though this method can be applied to surgical correction of ALCAPA, it can also provide insight for other surgical procedures such as reimplantation of coronaries during aortic roots surgery. After preparing the patient for surgery and opening the sternum, incise the pericardium over the aorta to uncover the massively dilated and tortuous right coronary artery. Grab the pericardium and cut up to its reflection line over the ascending aorta.Use electrocautery as needed. Then dissect the aorta circumferentially. Gently push the ascending aorta to the left using a lung retractor and grip the soft tissue behind the ascending aorta.Separate the posterior wall of the ascending aorta from the surrounding tissue using electrocautery. Continue to dissect cautery behind the ascending aorta, being careful to avoid injury to the right pulmonary artery. Next, gently push aside the main pulmonary artery and separate the attached ascending aorta using electrocautery.Then dissect the main pulmonary artery. First, push aside the ascending aorta with a clamped piece of gauze. Then with new gauze, dissect the posterior wall of the main pulmonary artery without injuring the adjacent main left coronary artery.Now pass the dissector under the main pulmonary artery and gently open it to make a tunnel. Then grip an open loop in jaws of the dissector. Finally, grab the adventitia of the ascending aorta and pull the vessel loop held by the dissector to encircle the main pulmonary artery.Continue by placing a left ventricular vent. After placing a pursestring on the right upper pulmonary vein, gently push the superior vena cava towards the left side and make a small cut in the middle of the pursestring. Then gently open the clamp.Next, insert a vent through the right upper pulmonary vein and mitral valve into the left ventricle to unload the left heart. After securing the vent with ligature, gently dilate the opening in the pulmonary artery. And insert an antegrade cardioplegia cannula in the main pulmonary artery.Now insert an antegrade cardioplegia cannula into the ascending aorta. Secure it with a braided polyester two over zero ligature with a polybutylene coating. Before proceeding, verify the correct placement of the antegrade cardioplegia cannulas in the main pulmonary artery and ascending aorta.Once the heart is made ready to open, transect the aorta. Remove the cardioplegia cannula and grab the ascending aorta with forceps on each side of the opening. Then enlarge the opening with an 18 blade knife and finish with scissors.Now verify the absence of the left coronary ostium inside the aorta in the left sinus of valsalva. To proceed, transect the main pulmonary artery. Remove the cardioplegia cannula and grab the main pulmonary artery on each side of the opening.Enlarge the opening with an 18 blade knife and finish with scissors. Then confirm the presence of the left coronary ostium originating from the right facing sinus one of the pulmonary artery. After preparing the pulmonary artery, grab a large surrounding patch of the proximal main pulmonary root wall and cut the left coronary ostium from the right facing sinus one.Take care to not injure the pulmonary valve. Before proceeding, mobilize the main left coronary artery up to its bifurcation. To begin, prepare for the reimplantation of the left coronary ostium.Grip the proximal ascending aorta and use a straight blade to create a neo-ostium in the left sinus two of the aorta. Leave a 10 millimeter margin of aortic root wall around the neo-ostium towards the commissure between the left sinus two and the right coronary sinus. Also, leave a 10 millimeter margin towards the aortic annulus.Next, connect the main left coronary ostium end to end to the neo-ostium in the left sinus two of the aorta using a running six over zero propylene monofilament suture. Start the anastomosis at the deepest point of the main left coronary ostium and allow it to come up on the right hand side of the anastomosis. To relieve suture tension on the tissue, manually bring the aorta and the main left coronary ostium together when pulling sutures.Complete the anastomosis by running the left hand side of the suture to meet the other end. Now repair the defect in the pulmonary artery root using a non-treated autologous pericardial patch. Connect the patch at the deepest point of the right facing sinus one of the pulmonary artery using a running six over zero propylene monofilament suture.First, run up the left end of the suture to mid height of the defect. Then do the same with the right end of the suture. Keep the two suture ends under tension.Now reestablish the continuity of the great vessel. Reconnect the proximal party of the aorta to its distal part using an end to end anastomosis with running five over zero propylene monofilament suture. Start at the deepest point and come up on the right hand side.Complete the anastomosis by running the left hand side of the suture to meet the other end. Now de-air the aorta by removing the aortic cross clamp. At this point, start rewarming the patient.Next reconnect the pulmonary artery. First, place a pump sucker into the distal pulmonary artery to remove the site of the operative field. Then from the patched defect, continue a running suture from the left end to complete the posterior and left aspects of the anastomosis.Then from the right end of the patch, continue the suture to complete the posterior and right aspects of the anastomosis. Tie the two ends of the suture to finish the connection. A 48 year old woman presented with recent onset of angina grad three and occasional palpitations.Transthoracic echocardiography showed a moderately impaired left ventricular ejection fraction and no mitral regurgitation. Coronary angiography demonstrated the absence of the left main coronary artery, LCA, arising from the aorta. The right coronary artery, RCA, was considerably enlarged and perfused the main left coronary artery via intraseptal collaterals.Thus the diagnosis of ALCAPA was made. The anatomical type of ALCAPA was further defined by biplane and three dimensional CT scans. The described surgical procedure was then performed.Post operatively the patient was separated from the cardiopulmonary bypass at a core temperature of 37 degrees celsius. No myocardial ischemia occurred. Bleeding from the chest tube drain was less than 30 milliliters per hour and the patient was weaned from the ventilator and extubated within six hours.A year later the patient was leading a productive life. A CT scan showed the re-implanted ALCAPA was widely patent at the site of anastomosis to the aorta. The pulmonary artery did not present any narrowing at the site of reconstruction.With the autologous pericardial patch used to repair the defect in the right facing sinus of the PA.Once mastered, this technique can be done in five hours if it is performed properly. While attempting this procedure, it is important to remember to achieve a good immobilization of the left coronary artery. After its development, this technique paved the way for researchers in the field of cardiac surgery to explore a direct re-implantation of anomalous left coronary artery from pulmonary artery in adults.Don't forget that working with coronary ostia can be extremely hazardous and precautions such as gentle handling and enough immobilization of the left coronary ostium should always be taken while performing this procedure.

Research

JoVE Journal

Medicine

Direct Re-implantation of Left Coronary Artery into the Aorta in Adults with Anomalous Origin of Left Coronary Artery from the Pulmonary Artery (ALCAPA)

Use of a Hanging Weight System for Coronary Artery Occlusion in Mice

Die Verwendung eines Hanging Weight System für Okklusion in Mäuse

Murine studies of acute injury are an area of intense investigation, as knockout mice for different genes are becoming increasingly available 1-38. ...

Forschung

Medizin

Coronary Artery Ligation and Intramyocardial Injection in a Murine Model of Infarction

Koronare Ligation und intramyokardialen Injection in einem Mausmodell der Infarkt

Mouse models are a valuable tool for studying acute injury and chronic remodeling of the myocardium in vivo.  With the advent of genetic modifications to ...

Modified Technique for Coronary Artery Ligation in Mice

Geändert Technik für Coronary Artery Ligation in Mäuse

Myocardial infarction (MI) is one of the most important causes of mortality in humans1-3. In order to improve morbidity and mortality in patients with MI ...

A Murine Model of Myocardial Ischemia-reperfusion Injury through Ligation of the Left Anterior Descending Artery

Einem Mausmodell der myokardialen Ischämie-Reperfusion Injury durch Ligation des linken vorderen absteigenden Arterie

Acute or chronic myocardial infarction (MI) are cardiovascular events resulting in high morbidity and mortality. Establishing the pathological mechanisms ...

Permanent Ligation of the Left Anterior Descending Coronary Artery in Mice: A Model of Post-myocardial Infarction Remodelling and Heart Failure

Permanent Ligation des linken vorderen absteigenden Koronararterie bei Mäusen: Ein Modell der Post-Myokardinfarkt Umbau und Herzinsuffizienz

Heart failure is a syndrome in which the heart fails to pump blood at a rate commensurate with cellular oxygen requirements at rest or during stress. It ...

Ultrasound Based Assessment of Coronary Artery Flow and Coronary Flow Reserve Using the Pressure Overload Model in Mice

Ultraschall Basierend Beurteilung der koronaren Herzfluss und koronare Flussreserve Mit der Drucküberlastung Modell an der Maus

Transthoracic Doppler echocardiography (TTDE) is a clinically useful, noninvasive tool for studying coronary artery flow velocity and coronary flow ...

Murine Echocardiography of Left Atrium, Aorta, and Pulmonary Artery

Murine Echokardiographie von Linker Vorhof, Aorta und Lungenarterie

The present methodology teaches the investigator how to measure and use the LAV as a surrogate of chronic elevations in Left Ventricular diastolic ...

Murine Left Anterior Descending (LAD) Coronary Artery Ligation: An Improved and Simplified Model for Myocardial Infarction

Murine Left Anterior Descending LAD Coronary Artery Ligation: An Improved and Simplified Model for Myocardial Infarction

Murine linken vorderen absteigenden (LAD) Koronararterienligatur: ein verbessertes und vereinfachtes Modell für Myokardinfarkts

Ischemic heart disease (IHD), or acute coronary syndrome (ACS), is one of the leading causes of death in the United States. IHD is characterized by ...

Identifying Coronary Artery Calcification on Non-gated Computed Tomography Scans

Identifizierung von koronarer Verkalkungen auf berechnet Tomographie Scans nicht eingezäunt

Coronary artery calcification (CAC) provides an objective measure of coronary artery disease and can readily be identified on non-gated computed ...

Murine Myocardial Infarction Model using Permanent Ligation of Left Anterior Descending Coronary Artery

Murine Myokardinfarkt Modell mit permanenten Ligation der linken Anterior absteigende Koronararterie

Myocardial infarction (MI) and acute coronary diseases are among the most prominent causes of death in population with western lifestyle. The murine ...