Name: functionalization and dispersion of carbon nanomaterials using an environmentally friendly ultrasonicated ozonolysis process
Uploaded: 2017-05-30T12:30:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Functionalization and Dispersion of Carbon Nanomaterials Using an Environmentally Friendly Ultrasonicated Ozonolysis Process at JoVE.com

这项工作的非薪酬部分由澳大利亚联邦资助。特拉华大学的作者非常感谢美国国家科学基金会（拨款＃1254540，项目总监Mary Toney博士）的支持。作者感谢Mark Fitzgerald先生对电泳沉积测量的帮助。

通过超声波臭氧分解对CNTs和GNP的功能化<ol><li>在装有HEPA过滤器的通风柜内的手套箱中称量纳米材料。将所需数量的纳米材料称重到烧杯中。转移到瓶子中，加入超纯水使浓度达到1g / L。 </li><li>用盖子密封瓶子。超声波在标准超声波浴中（参见材料列表;频率：〜43±2kHz;功率：60W）以分散CNT或GNP。 注意：小心。请参阅上述工作健康和安全通知。 </li><li>小心地将纳米材料悬浮液倒入装有磁力搅...

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When working with nanoparticles of high hardness, such as CNTs, the potential erosion effect on containers and tubing should not be overlooked. Step 1.14 in the protocol was inserted after the tubing became worn at a bend due to CNTs impinging on the tube side wall, causing a system leak.
Also, note that the CNTs are in suspension, not solution, and that they must be stirred before each use if a homogeneous suspension is desired. For example, this would be necessary to maintain the desired con...

使用碳纳米材料改性聚合物和复合体系已经在过去20年中引起了浓厚的研究兴趣。最近关于使用碳纳米管1 （CNTs）和石墨烯纳米片2 （GNP）的综述提供了广泛的研究。 CNT和GNP的高比刚度和强度以及它们的高固有电导率使得材料理想地适合于结合到聚合体系中以增强纳米复合材料的机械和电性能。 CNT和GNP也被用于通过使用碳纳米材料来改变纤维界面粘合力和基体刚度3,4等级来开发分级复合结构。 碳纳米材料均匀分散在聚合物体系中往往需要处理步骤，其化学改变纳米材料以改善与聚合物基质的化学相容性，去除杂质，并从所接收的材料中减少或去除附聚物。化学修饰碳纳米材料的各种方法是可用的，并且可以包括使用强酸5,6进行湿化学氧化，用表面活性剂改性7 ，电化学嵌入和剥离8或使用基于等离子体的方法的干法化学处理9 。 在CNT的氧化步骤中使用强酸引入氧官能团并除去杂质。然而，它具有显着降低CNT长度，对CNT外壁造成损害并使用危险化学品的缺点，这些危险化学品需要与经处理的材料隔离以进一步处理10 &lt;/ SUP&gt;。使用与超声波结合的表面活性剂提供了较不积极的制备稳定分散体的方法，但是表面活性剂通常难以从经处理的材料中除去，并且可能不与用于制备纳米复合材料材料1,11的聚合物相容。表面活性剂分子与CNT或GNP之间的化学相互作用的强度也可能不足以用于机械应用。在大气条件下进行的干等离子体处理工艺可能适用于存在于纤维或平面表面上的用于制备分层复合材料的CNT阵列的功能化。然而，大气等离子体更难应用于干燥粉末，并且不能解决存在于原始碳纳米材料中的附聚物的问题。 在目前的工作中，我们介绍了超声波的详细描述我们以前曾用于碳纳米材料12,13,14的冰解臭氧分解（USO）方法。 USO工艺用于制备稳定的水分散体，其适用于将CNT和GNP两者电泳沉积（EPD）到碳和玻璃纤维上。将提供使用USO官能化的CNT将不均匀薄膜沉积到不锈钢和碳织物基底上的EPD的实例。还将使用X射线光电子能谱（XPS）和拉曼光谱来提供用于化学表征官能化CNT和GNP的方法和典型结果。将提供与其他功能化技术相比较的表征结果的简要讨论。 工作健康安全通知书暴露于纳米颗粒（如碳纳米管）对人体健康的影响尚不清楚。它建议采取特殊措施，尽量减少CNT粉末的暴露和避免环境污染。建议的危害隔离措施包括在配有HEPA过滤器的通风橱和/或手套箱内工作。职业卫生措施包括穿防护服和两层手套，并使用湿纸巾或带有HEPA过滤器的吸尘器定期清洁表面，以除去杂散CNT粉末。污染物品应装箱危险废物处理。 暴露于臭氧会刺激眼睛，肺部和呼吸系统，而在较高浓度下可能会导致肺部的损伤。建议采取措施尽可能减少对生成的臭氧气体的个人和环境影响。隔离措施包括在通风柜内工作。由于返回空气流将包含未使用的臭氧，因此应在通入臭氧破坏装置之前进入大气领域。已经臭氧气泡通过的分散体将含有一些溶解的臭氧。在臭氧分解操作后，允许分散体静置1小时，然后进行进一步处理，以使臭氧进行自然分解。

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="588">
	
	<tbody>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Ultrasonic bath</td>
			<td style="width:87px;">Soniclean</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">80TD</td>
			<td style="width:167px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:216px;">Ultrasonic horn</td>
			<td style="width:87px;">Misonix</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">S-4000-010 with CL5 converter</td>
			<td>Daintree Scientific</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:216px;">Flocell stainless steel water jacketed</td>
			<td style="width:87px;">Misonix</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">800BWJ</td>
			<td>Daintree Scientific</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:216px;">Peristaltic pump</td>
			<td style="width:87px;">Masterflex easy-load</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">7518-00</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="63">
			<td height="63" style="height:63px;width:216px;">Controller for peristaltic pump</td>
			<td style="width:87px;">Masterflex modular controller</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">7553-78</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:216px;">Ozone generator</td>
			<td style="width:87px;">Ozone Solutions</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">TG-20</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:216px;">Ozone destruct unit</td>
			<td style="width:87px;">Ozone Solutions</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">ODS-1</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Recirculating liquid cooler</td>
			<td style="width:87px;">Thermoline</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">TRC2-571-T</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Multi-mode power supply unit</td>
			<td style="width:87px;">TTi&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">EX752M</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:216px;">High resolution computing multimeter</td>
			<td style="width:87px;">TTi&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">1906</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:216px;">X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy</td>
			<td style="width:87px;">Kratos Analytical</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">Axis Nova</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:216px;">XPS analysis software</td>
			<td style="width:87px;">Casa Software</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">Casa XPS</td>
			<td>www.casaxps.com</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:216px;">Kratos elemental library for use with Casa XPS</td>
			<td style="width:87px;">Casa Software</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">Download Kratos Related Files</td>
			<td>http://www.casaxps.com/kratos/</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:216px;">Raman dispersive confocal microscope</td>
			<td style="width:87px;">Thermo</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">DXR</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:216px;">Field emission scanning electron microscope</td>
			<td style="width:87px;">Leo</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">1530 VP</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:216px;">Sputter coater with iridium target</td>
			<td style="width:87px;">Cressington</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">208 HR</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Thickness measurement unit</td>
			<td style="width:87px;">Cressington</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">mtm 20</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Magnetic stirrer</td>
			<td style="width:87px;">Stuart</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">CD162</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Analytical balance</td>
			<td style="width:87px;">Kern</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">ALS 220-4N</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:216px;">Analytical balance</td>
			<td style="width:87px;">Mettler Toledo</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">NewClassic MF MS 2045</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Laboratory balance</td>
			<td style="width:87px;">Shimadzu</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">ELB 3000</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="63">
			<td height="63" style="height:63px;width:216px;">Electrodes from 316 stainless steel sheet</td>
			<td style="width:87px;">RS Components</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">559-199</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Sanding sheets, P1000 grade</td>
			<td style="width:87px;">Norton</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">No-Fil A275</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Multi-walled carbon nanotubes</td>
			<td style="width:87px;">Hanwha</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">CM-95</td>
			<td>http://hcc.hanwha.co.kr/eng/business/bus_table/nano_02.jsp</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Graphene nanoplatelets</td>
			<td style="width:87px;">XG Sciences</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">XGNP Grade C</td>
			<td>http://xgsciences.com/products/graphene-nanoplatelets/grade-c/</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

functionalization and dispersion of carbon nanomaterials using an environmentally friendly ultrasonicated ozonolysis process

碳纳米材料的功能化通常是促进其融入更大材料体系和器件的关键步骤。以收纳的形式，碳纳米管（CNT）或石墨烯纳米片（GNP）等碳纳米材料可能含有大的附聚物。当碳纳米管或GNP纳入聚合物或复合材料体系中时，附聚物和杂质都会降低提供的独特电气和机械性能的优点。虽然存在用于官能化碳纳米材料和产生稳定的分散体的各种方法，但是许多方法使用苛刻的化学品，有机溶剂或表面活性剂，这是环境不友好的，并且当分离纳米材料以供后续使用时可能增加处理负担。目前的研究详细介绍了使用替代的，环保的CNT和GNP功能化技术。它产生不含腐蚀性的稳定的水性分散体ul化学品。 CNT和GNP都可以以高达5 g / L的浓度添加到水中，并可通过高功率超声波电池再循环。同时将臭氧注入到电池中逐渐氧化碳纳米材料，并且组合的超声波分解聚集体并立即暴露新鲜的材料进行官能化。制备的分散体理想地适用于使用电泳沉积（EPD）将薄膜沉积在固体底物上。来自水分散体的CNT和GNP可以容易地用于使用EPD涂覆碳纤维和玻璃增强纤维来制备分级复合材料。

图3显示了经过USO处理的CNT的XPS宽扫描表征。没有经历过USO的CNT几乎没有显示出氧含量。随着USO时间的增加，表面氧含量增加。 图4将氧碳比提高为USO时间的函数。 表1显示了用USO处理的GNP的去卷积碳原子浓度。峰值拟合使用由Gr1至Gr6表示的约束峰的组合来表示由于石墨和相关的能量损失特征17引起的固有峰形。然后?...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Functionalization and Dispersion of Carbon Nanomaterials Using an Environmentally Friendly Ultrasonicated Ozonolysis Process at JoVE.com

Functionalization and Dispersion of Carbon Nanomaterials Using an Environmentally Friendly Ultrasonicated Ozonolysis Process

这里描述了用于碳纳米材料在水性环境中的官能化和稳定分散的新方法。将臭氧直接注入碳纳米材料的水分散体中，其通过高功率超声波细胞连续再循环。

碳纳米材料的功能化和分散使用环境友好的超声波臭氧分解过程

Functionalization of carbon nanomaterials is often a critical step that facilitates their integration into larger material systems and devices. In the ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Environment

The Use of an Automated System (GreenFeed) to Monitor Enteric Methane and Carbon Dioxide Emissions from Ruminant Animals

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Ruminant animals (domesticated or wild) emit methane (CH4) through enteric fermentation in their digestive tract and from decomposition of manure during ...

科研

环境科学

Measuring Carbon-based Contaminant Mineralization Using Combined CO2 Flux and Radiocarbon Analyses

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测量碳为基础的污染物矿化结合使用CO<sub&gt; 2</sub&gt;助焊剂和放射性碳分析

A method is described which uses the absence of radiocarbon in industrial chemicals and fuels made from petroleum feedstocks which frequently contaminate ...

Spotting Cheetahs: Identifying Individuals by Their Footprints

通过他们的足迹识别个体：合模猎豹

The cheetah (Acinonyx jubatus) is Africa's most endangered large felid and listed as Vulnerable with a declining population trend by the IUCN1. It ranges ...

Assessment of Labile Organic Carbon in Soil Using Sequential Fumigation Incubation Procedures

活性有机碳评估土壤中连续熏蒸孵化程序

Management practices and environmental changes can alter soil nutrient and carbon cycling. Soil labile organic carbon, a readily decomposable C pool, is ...

Biofilm Removal Using Carbon Dioxide Aerosols without Nitrogen Purge

去除生物膜使用二氧化碳气溶胶没有氮气吹扫

Biofilms can cause serious concerns in many applications. Not only can they cause economic losses, but they can also present a public health hazard. ...

Measurement of the Rheology of Crude Oil in Equilibrium with CO2 at Reservoir Conditions

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与CO平衡的原油流变学测量<sub&gt; 2</sub&gt;在水库条件

A rheometer system to measure the rheology of crude oil in equilibrium with carbon dioxide (CO2) at high temperatures and pressures is described. The ...

Dispersion of Nanomaterials in Aqueous Media: Towards Protocol Optimization

纳米材料在水介质中的分散: 对协议优化的研究

The sonication process is commonly used for de-agglomerating and dispersing nanomaterials in aqueous based media, necessary to improve homogeneity and ...

Use of Principal Components for Scaling Up Topographic Models to Map Soil Redistribution and Soil Organic Carbon

利用主成分扩展地形模型绘制土壤再分配和土壤有机碳

Landscape topography is a critical factor affecting soil formation and plays an important role in determining soil properties on the earth surface, as it ...

Split Point Analysis and Uncertainty Quantification of Thermal-Optical Organic/Elemental Carbon Measurements

热光学有机/元素碳测量的分割点分析与不确定性定量

Researchers from myriad fields frequently seek to quantify and classify concentrations of carbonaceous aerosols as organic carbon (OC) or elemental carbon ...

Measuring Phosphorus Release in Laboratory Microcosms for Water Quality Assessment

测量实验室微量微生物中的磷释放,用于水质评估

Phosphorus (P) is a critical limiting nutrient in agroecosystems requiring careful management to reduce transport risk to aquatic environments. Routine ...