Name: histological analyses of acute alcoholic liver injury in zebrafish
Uploaded: 2017-05-25T13:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Histological Analyses of Acute Alcoholic Liver Injury in Zebrafish at JoVE.com

Forfatterne vil gjerne anerkjenne Dr. Katy Murray ved Zebrafish International Resource Center; Dr. Stacey Huppert og Kari Huppert på CCHMC, for deres nyttige råd om protokollen; Og CCHMC veterinær tjeneste, for fiskepleie. Dette arbeidet ble støttet av NIH-stipend R00AA020514 og et forskningsstipend fra Senter for Pediatrisk Genomics ved CCHMC (til CY). Det var også delvis støttet av NIH-stipendiat P30 DK078392 (Integrative Morphology Core) i Fordøyelsessenteret Cents Center i Cincinnati.

AB WT voksen- og larvalzebrafisk ble opprettholdt under standardbetingelser 21 i samsvar med veiledningen for pleie og bruk av laboratoriedyr (National Institutes of Health publikasjon 86-23, revidert 1985); Deres bruk ble godkjent av Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee på Cincinnati Children&#39;s Hospital Medical Center (CCHMC). 1. Fremstilling av løsninger <ol><li> Tilbered eggvann. <ol><li> Forbered lagersaltløsningen ved å op...

<ol>
	<li>Yoon, Y. H., Chen, C. M., Yi, H. Y. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=.">.</a> Surveillance report #100: Liver cirrhosis mortality in the United States: National, State, and regional trends. , 2000-2011 (2014).</li><li>Singal, A. K., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Evolving+frequency+and+outcomes+of+liver+transplantation+based+on+etiology+of+liver+disease.">Evolving frequency and outcomes of liver transplantation based on etiology of liver disease.</a> Transplantation. 95 (5), 755-760 (2013).</li><li>Louvet, A., Mathurin, P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Alcoholic+liver+disease:+mechanisms+of+injury+and+targeted+treatment.">Alcoholic liver disease: mechanisms of injury and targeted treatment.</a> Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 12 (4), 231-242 (2015).</li><li>Ki, S. H., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Interleukin-22+treatment+ameliorates+alcoholic+liver+injury+in+a+murine+model+of+chronic-binge+ethanol+feeding:+role+of+signal+transducer+and+activator+of+transcription+3.">Interleukin-22 treatment ameliorates alcoholic liver injury in a murine model of chronic-binge ethanol feeding: role of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3.</a> Hepatology. 52 (4), 1291-1300 (2010).</li><li>Tsuchiya, M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Interstrain+differences+in+liver+injury+and+one-carbon+metabolism+in+alcohol-fed+mice.">Interstrain differences in liver injury and one-carbon metabolism in alcohol-fed mice.</a> Hepatology. 56 (1), 130-139 (2012).</li><li>Koteish, A., Yang, S., Lin, H., Huang, X., Diehl, A. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Chronic+ethanol+exposure+potentiates+lipopolysaccharide+liver+injury+despite+inhibiting+Jun+N-terminal+kinase+and+caspase+3+activation.">Chronic ethanol exposure potentiates lipopolysaccharide liver injury despite inhibiting Jun N-terminal kinase and caspase 3 activation.</a> J Biol Chem. 277 (15), 13037-13044 (2002).</li><li>Leo, M. A., Lieber, C. S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Hepatic+fibrosis+after+long-term+administration+of+ethanol+and+moderate+vitamin+A+supplementation+in+the+rat.">Hepatic fibrosis after long-term administration of ethanol and moderate vitamin A supplementation in the rat.</a> Hepatology. 3 (1), 1-11 (1983).</li><li>Tsukamoto, H., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Severe+and+progressive+steatosis+and+focal+necrosis+in+rat+liver+induced+by+continuous+intragastric+infusion+of+ethanol+and+low+fat+diet.">Severe and progressive steatosis and focal necrosis in rat liver induced by continuous intragastric infusion of ethanol and low fat diet.</a> Hepatology. 5 (2), 224-232 (1985).</li><li>Tsukamoto, H., Mkrtchyan, H., Dynnyk, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Intragastric+ethanol+infusion+model+in+rodents.">Intragastric ethanol infusion model in rodents.</a> Methods Mol Biol. 447, 33-48 (2008).</li><li>Howarth, D. L., Passeri, M., Sadler, K. C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Drinks+like+a+fish:+using+zebrafish+to+understand+alcoholic+liver+disease.">Drinks like a fish: using zebrafish to understand alcoholic liver disease.</a> Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 35 (5), 826-829 (2011).</li><li>Howarth, D. L., Yin, C., Yeh, K., Sadler, K. C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Defining+hepatic+dysfunction+parameters+in+two+models+of+fatty+liver+disease+in+zebrafish+larvae.">Defining hepatic dysfunction parameters in two models of fatty liver disease in zebrafish larvae.</a> Zebrafish. 10 (2), 199-210 (2013).</li><li>Lin, J. N., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Development+of+an+Animal+Model+for+Alcoholic+Liver+Disease+in+Zebrafish.">Development of an Animal Model for Alcoholic Liver Disease in Zebrafish.</a> Zebrafish. , (2015).</li><li>Passeri, M. J., Cinaroglu, A., Gao, C., Sadler, K. C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Hepatic+steatosis+in+response+to+acute+alcohol+exposure+in+zebrafish+requires+sterol+regulatory+element+binding+protein+activation.">Hepatic steatosis in response to acute alcohol exposure in zebrafish requires sterol regulatory element binding protein activation.</a> Hepatology. 49 (2), 443-452 (2009).</li><li>Tsedensodnom, O., Vacaru, A. M., Howarth, D. L., Yin, C., Sadler, K. C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Ethanol+metabolism+and+oxidative+stress+are+required+for+unfolded+protein+response+activation+and+steatosis+in+zebrafish+with+alcoholic+liver+disease.">Ethanol metabolism and oxidative stress are required for unfolded protein response activation and steatosis in zebrafish with alcoholic liver disease.</a> Dis Model Mech. 6 (5), 1213-1226 (2013).</li><li>Yin, C., Evason, K. J., Maher, J. J., Stainier, D. Y. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+bHLH+transcription+factor+Hand2+marks+hepatic+stellate+cells+in+zebrafish:+Analysis+of+stellate+cell+entry+into+the+developing+liver.">The bHLH transcription factor Hand2 marks hepatic stellate cells in zebrafish: Analysis of stellate cell entry into the developing liver.</a> Hepatology. , (2012).</li><li>Lassen, N., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Molecular+cloning,+baculovirus+expression,+and+tissue+distribution+of+the+zebrafish+aldehyde+dehydrogenase+2.">Molecular cloning, baculovirus expression, and tissue distribution of the zebrafish aldehyde dehydrogenase 2.</a> Drug Metab Dispos. 33 (5), 649-656 (2005).</li><li>Reimers, M. J., Hahn, M. E., Tanguay, R. L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Two+zebrafish+alcohol+dehydrogenases+share+common+ancestry+with+mammalian+class+I,+II,+IV,+and+V+alcohol+dehydrogenase+genes+but+have+distinct+functional+characteristics.">Two zebrafish alcohol dehydrogenases share common ancestry with mammalian class I, II, IV, and V alcohol dehydrogenase genes but have distinct functional characteristics.</a> J Biol Chem. 279 (37), 38303-38312 (2004).</li><li>Zhang, C., Ellis, J. L., Yin, C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Inhibition+of+vascular+endothelial+growth+factor+signaling+facilitates+liver+repair+from+acute+ethanol-induced+injury+in+zebrafish.">Inhibition of vascular endothelial growth factor signaling facilitates liver repair from acute ethanol-induced injury in zebrafish.</a> Dis Model Mech. , (2016).</li><li>Vonghia, L., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Acute+alcohol+intoxication.">Acute alcohol intoxication.</a> Eur J Intern Med. 19 (8), 561-567 (2008).</li><li>Wittekind, D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Traditional+staining+for+routine+diagnostic+pathology+including+the+role+of+tannic+acid.+1.+Value+and+limitations+of+the+hematoxylin-eosin+stain.">Traditional staining for routine diagnostic pathology including the role of tannic acid. 1. Value and limitations of the hematoxylin-eosin stain.</a> Biotech Histochem. 78 (5), 261-270 (2003).</li><li>Westerfield, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=.">.</a> The Zebrafish Book: A Guide for the Laboratory Use of Zebrafish (Danio Rerio). , (2007).</li><li>Theise, N. D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Histopathology+of+alcoholic+liver+disease.">Histopathology of alcoholic liver disease.</a> Clinical Liver Disease. 2 (2), (2013).</li><li>Lorent, K., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Inhibition+of+Jagged-mediated+Notch+signaling+disrupts+zebrafish+biliary+development+and+generates+multi-organ+defects+compatible+with+an+Alagille+syndrome+phenocopy.">Inhibition of Jagged-mediated Notch signaling disrupts zebrafish biliary development and generates multi-organ defects compatible with an Alagille syndrome phenocopy.</a> Development. 131 (22), 5753-5766 (2004).</li><li>Huang, M., Xu, J., Shin, C. H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Development+of+an+Ethanol-induced+Fibrotic+Liver+Model+in+Zebrafish+to+Study+Progenitor+Cell-mediated+Hepatocyte+Regeneration.">Development of an Ethanol-induced Fibrotic Liver Model in Zebrafish to Study Progenitor Cell-mediated Hepatocyte Regeneration.</a> J Vis Exp. (111), (2016).</li><li>Paredes, J. F., Lopez-Olmeda, J. F., Martinez, F. J., Sanchez-Vazquez, F. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Daily+rhythms+of+lipid+metabolic+gene+expression+in+zebra+fish+liver:+Response+to+light/dark+and+feeding+cycles.">Daily rhythms of lipid metabolic gene expression in zebra fish liver: Response to light/dark and feeding cycles.</a> Chronobiol Int. 32 (10), 1438-1448 (2015).</li><li>Meeker, N. D., Hutchinson, S. A., Ho, L., Trede, N. S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Method+for+isolation+of+PCR-ready+genomic+DNA+from+zebrafish+tissues.">Method for isolation of PCR-ready genomic DNA from zebrafish tissues.</a> Biotechniques. 43 (5), 610-614 (2007).</li><li>van der Velden, Y. U., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+serine-threonine+kinase+LKB1+is+essential+for+survival+under+energetic+stress+in+zebrafish.">The serine-threonine kinase LKB1 is essential for survival under energetic stress in zebrafish.</a> Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 108 (11), 4358-4363 (2011).</li></ol>

Den nåværende protokollen beskriver en detaljert prosedyre for akutt etanolbehandling i zebrafisk larver og de etterfølgende histopatologiske analysene med H &amp; E-farging. Akutt etanolbehandling bør utføres senest 96 timer etter befruktning, da dette er scenen hvor sebrafisklever begynner å uttrykke alkohol-metaboliserende enzymer 13 . 2% etanol er den maksimale dosen som larver kan tolerere 13 , 14 . De etanolbehandlede larver b...

Alkoholisk leversykdom (ALD), som er forårsaket av overkonsum av alkohol, er en viktig årsak til alkoholrelatert sykelighet og dødelighet. I USA involverer nesten halvparten av leversykdomsdødene alkohol 1 , og ALD er ansvarlig for nesten 1 av 3 levertransplantasjoner 2 . ALD har et bredt spekter. Steatosis, som kjennetegnes av overflødig lipidakkumulering i hepatocytter, oppstår i tidlig stadium av tung drikking og er reversibel ved opphør av alkoholbruk. Under påvirkning av genetiske og miljømessige faktorer og vedvarende alkoholinntak kan leverstatose utvikles til alkoholisk hepatitt og til slutt cirrhose 3 . Studier som bruker gnagere ALD-modellene har gitt betydelig innsikt i sykdommen, men de har begrensninger (omtalt i referanse 3 ). Muntlig tilførsel av et alkoholholdig kost gir bare steatose hos gnagere 4 , &lt;/ Sup&gt; 5 . Utvikling av betennelse og fibrose krever enten en annen fornærmelse 6 , 7 eller kronisk intragastrisk infusjon, som er invasiv og teknisk utfordrende 8 , 9 . Teleost zebrafish utvikler også leverskade som respons på både kronisk og akutt alkoholbehandling 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 . Spesielt representerer larvalzebrafisken en attraktiv komplementær modellorganisme som skal studere akutt alkoholisk leverskade 10 , 11 , 13 , 15 . Zebrafish leveren er funksjonell og produserer viktige enzymer for metanol metabolisme innen 4 dagerS post-fertilization (dpf) 13 , 16 , 17. Ethanol kan direkte tilsettes i vannet, og eksponering for 2% etanol i 24 timer er tilstrekkelig til å indusere leverstatat og fibrogenrespons i zebrafisk larver 13 , 15 . Det har blitt rapportert at behandling med 2% etanol i 24 timer resulterte i en vevetanolkonsentrasjon på 80 mM i zebrafisk larver 13 . Andre har vist at larver tolererer denne konsentrasjonen, og leverfenotypene sett i de behandlede dyrene er spesifikke for etanoleksponering 11 , 13 , 15 , 18 . Imidlertid, fordi 80 mM er nesten dødelig hos mennesker 19 , er det viktig å evaluere leverhistologien av etanolbehandlet sebrafisk og deteRminere den fysiologiske relevansen for mennesker. Den raske utvendige utviklingen og translucensen av sebrafisk larver gjør det mulig å karakterisere virkningen av alkohol i leveren i sanntid og i faste prøver. Tilgjengeligheten av celletypespesifikke fluorescerende transgene linjer og de siste fremskrittene i konfokal mikroskopi letter undersøkelsen av hvordan forskjellige levercelletyper endrer sin morfologi og oppførsel som respons på akutt etanolbehandling 11 , 15 . Imidlertid kan konfokal avbildning av fluorescerende transgene zebrafisk ikke helt erstatte hematoksylin og Eosin (H &amp; E) -farging når man studerer leverhistologi. Merking av alle levercelletyper samtidig med bruk av transgen sebrafisk krever generering av individuelle transgene linjer, som hver merker en levercelletype med en unik fluorofor. Innføring av forskjellige transgene bakgrunner i samme fisk krever rasenG flere generasjoner, som er tidkrevende og kostbart. Ytterligere immunfluorescensfarging er nødvendig for å detektere ekstracellulære matrikskomponenter. H &amp; E-farging, derimot, merker samtidig alle levercelletyper og ekstracellulære matrikskomponenter, og gir dermed en oversikt over leveren 20 . Videre avslører det lett flere histopatologiske trekk ved leversykdommer, som hepatocytdød, steatose og fibrose. Selv om H &amp; E er en rutinemessig flekk i pattedyrets leverhistologi, er den ikke vanlig brukt i leverfisk hos sebrafisk, og protokollen er mindre veletablert. Dette arbeidet beskriver en protokoll for akutt etanolbehandling i zebrafisk larver og for oppfølgingshistologiske analyser med H &amp; E-farging. H &amp; E-fargeprotokollen kan brukes i alle studier av leverutvikling og -funksjon. Dessuten kan paraffinseksjonene brukes til immunhistokjemi, så vel som for andre spesielle staIns i leverpatologi, inkludert trichrom flekken, reticulin flekk osv .

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="1137">
	<tbody>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:645px;">1.5 mL centrifuge tubes</td>
			<td style="width:207px;">E &#38; K Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">280150</td>
			<td style="width:167px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">15 mL conical tubes</td>
			<td>VWR International</td>
			<td>89039-664</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">50 mL conical tubes</td>
			<td>VWR International</td>
			<td>89039-658</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">95% ethanol</td>
			<td>Decon Labs, Inc.</td>
			<td>2801</td>
			<td>Flammable</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Acetic acid</td>
			<td>Newcomer Supply</td>
			<td>10010A</td>
			<td>Irritant</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:645px;">Agarose</td>
			<td style="width:207px;">Research Products International</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">9012-36-6</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:645px;">Aluminum jar rack holder</td>
			<td style="width:207px;">Newcomer Supply</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">5300JRK</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Bacteriological petri dishes with lid</td>
			<td>Corning</td>
			<td>351029</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:645px;">Biopsy pads</td>
			<td style="width:207px;">Simport</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">M476.1</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:645px;">Charged slides</td>
			<td style="width:207px;">Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>12-550-16</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:645px;">Clear mounting media</td>
			<td style="width:207px;">Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">8310-16</td>
			<td>Can be substituted with other clear mounting media</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Commercial sea salts</td>
			<td>Instant Ocean</td>
			<td>SS15-10</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Disposable microtome blades</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>4280L</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Dissecting microscope</td>
			<td>Leica Biosystems</td>
			<td>Leica Mz 95</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Enclosed tissue processor</td>
			<td>Leica Biosystems</td>
			<td>ASP300 S</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Eosin-Phloxine stain set</td>
			<td>Newcomer Supply</td>
			<td>1082A</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:645px;">Ethyl alcohol</td>
			<td style="width:207px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">E7023</td>
			<td>Flammable</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Formaldehyde solution, ACS reagent, 37 WT. % in H20, contains 10-15% methanol as stabilizer (to prevent polymerization)</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>252549</td>
			<td>A suspected carcinogen; irritant</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:645px;">Formalin, Buffered, 10%</td>
			<td style="width:207px;">Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">SF100-4</td>
			<td>A suspected carcinogen; irritant</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:645px;">Graduated media bottle</td>
			<td style="width:207px;">VWR International</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">16159-520</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Harris hematoxylin</td>
			<td>Poly Scientific R&#38;D Corp.</td>
			<td>s212</td>
			<td>Irritant</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:645px;">Histology molds</td>
			<td style="width:207px;">Sakura Finetek USA Inc</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">4557</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:645px;">Hot plate/Stirrer</td>
			<td style="width:207px;">VWR International</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">47751-148</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Hydrochloric acid</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>A144</td>
			<td>Irritant</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:645px;">Incubator</td>
			<td style="width:207px;">VWR International</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">97058-220</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:645px;">Insulin syringes</td>
			<td style="width:207px;">BD Medical</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">BD-309301</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:645px;">Inverted compound microscope</td>
			<td style="width:207px;">Carl Zeiss Microscopy</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">491912-9850-000</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Isopropanol</td>
			<td>Newcomer Supply</td>
			<td>12094E</td>
			<td>Flammable</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Methylene blue</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>M9140</td>
			<td>Irritant</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Microtome</td>
			<td>Leica Biosystems</td>
			<td colspan="2">Leica Jung BioCut 2035&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Nutating mixer</td>
			<td>VWR International</td>
			<td>82007-202</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:645px;">Paraformaldehyde</td>
			<td style="width:207px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">P6148-1KG</td>
			<td>A suspected carcinogen; irritant</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:645px;">Pasteur pipet</td>
			<td style="width:207px;">VWR International</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">53283-916</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:645px;">Pipette pump (10 mL)</td>
			<td style="width:207px;">VWR International</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">53502-233</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Potassium chloride (KCl)</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>P9541</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Potassium phosphate, monobasic (KH2PO4)</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>P9791</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Razor blades</td>
			<td>Grainger</td>
			<td>4A807</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:645px;">Slide Staining Kit</td>
			<td style="width:207px;">Newcomer Supply</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">5300KIT</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Sodium chloride (NaCl)</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>S3014</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Sodium hydroxide (NaOH)</td>
			<td>Fisher BioReagents</td>
			<td>S318-500</td>
			<td>Very hazardous</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Sodium phosphate, dibasic (Na2HPO4)</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>S3264</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Stainless steel strainer (5 inch diameter)</td>
			<td>Adaptive Science Tools</td>
			<td>L0906045in</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:645px;">Tissue cassettes</td>
			<td style="width:207px;">Simport</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">M505.12</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:645px;">Tissue embedding center</td>
			<td style="width:207px;">Sakura Finetek USA Inc</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">#5100</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Tissue wipers, 1-Ply</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>06666A</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:645px;">Transfer pipets</td>
			<td style="width:207px;">Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">137117M</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Tricaine powder/Ethyl 3-aminobenzoate methanesulfonate salt</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>A5040</td>
			<td>Irritant</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Tris base, primary standard and buffer</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>T1503</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:645px;">Wash bottle, low-density polyethylene, wide mouth</td>
			<td style="width:207px;">Nalge Nunc International</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">2402-0750</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:645px;">Xylenes</td>
			<td style="width:207px;">Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">X3S-4</td>
			<td>Irritant</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

histological analyses of acute alcoholic liver injury in zebrafish

Alkoholisk leversykdom (ALD) refererer til skade på leveren på grunn av akutt eller kronisk alkoholmisbruk. Det er blant de viktigste årsakene til alkoholrelatert sykelighet og dødelighet og påvirker mer enn 2 millioner mennesker i USA. En bedre forståelse av de cellulære og molekylære mekanismer som ligger til grunn for alkoholindusert leverskade, er avgjørende for å utvikle effektiv behandling av ALD. Sebrafisk larver utviser hepatisk steatose og fibrogenese etter bare 24 timer med eksponering for 2% etanol, noe som gjør dem nyttige for studier av akutt alkoholisk leverskade. Dette arbeidet beskriver prosedyren for akutt etanolbehandling i sebrafisk larver og viser at det forårsaker steatosis og hevelse i leveren blodkar. En detaljert protokoll for hematoksylin og Eosin (H &amp; E) -farging som er optimalisert for den histologiske analysen av zebrafisk larveleveren, er også beskrevet. H &amp; E-farging har flere unike fordeler over immunfluorescens, da det markerer alt livEr celler og ekstracellulære komponenter samtidig og kan lett oppdage leverskade, slik som steatose og fibrose. Gitt den økende bruken av sebrafisk i modelleringstoksin og virusinducert leverskade, samt arvelige leversykdommer, tjener denne protokollen som referanse for de histologiske analysene som utføres i alle disse studiene.

10% buffert formalin og 4% paraformaldehyd (PFA) er to av de vanligste fikseringsmidler som brukes til histologi. Imidlertid gir de ikke optimale fikseringsresultater for sebrafisklevervev ( Figur 1 og Tabell 1 ). Fiksering med 10% formalin eller 4% PFA resulterer ofte i krympninger, noe som skaper store gap mellom leveren og omgivende vev ( Figur 1A , B ; Figur 1B ...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Histological Analyses of Acute Alcoholic Liver Injury in Zebrafish at JoVE.com

Histological Analyses of Acute Alcoholic Liver Injury in Zebrafish

Denne protokollen beskriver histologiske analyser av leverene fra sebrafisk larver som har blitt behandlet med 2% etanol i 24 timer. En slik akutt etanolbehandling resulterer i hepatisk steatosis og hevelse i leverenes vaskulatur.

Histologiske analyser av akutt alkoholskader i sebrafisk

Alcoholic Liver Disease (ALD) refers to damage to the liver due to acute or chronic alcohol abuse. It is among the leading causes of alcohol-related ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Developmental Biology

Kidney Regeneration in Adult Zebrafish by Gentamicin Induced Injury

Nyre Regeneration i Adult Sebrafisk av Gentamicin Induced Injury

The kidney is essential for fluid homeostasis, blood pressure regulation and filtration of waste from the body. The fundamental unit of kidney function is ...

Mechanical Vessel Injury in Zebrafish Embryos

Mekanisk Vessel Injury i sebrafisk embryo

Zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos have proven to be a powerful model for studying a variety of developmental and disease processes.  External development ...

Automated Quantification of Hematopoietic Cell &#8211; Stromal Cell Interactions in Histological Images of Undecalcified Bone

Automated Quantification of Hematopoietic Cell ÃƒÂ¢Ã¢â€šÂ¬Ã¢â‚¬Å“ Stromal Cell Interactions in Histological Images of Undecalcified Bone

Automatisert Kvantifisering av Hematopoietiske Cell - stromal Cell Samhandling i Histologiske Bilder av Undecalcified Bone

Confocal microscopy is the method of choice for the analysis of localization of multiple cell types within complex tissues such as the bone marrow. ...

Hepatocyte-specific Ablation in Zebrafish to Study Biliary-driven Liver Regeneration

Hepatocytter spesifikke Ablation i Sebrafisk å studere Galledrevet Liver Regeneration

The liver has a great capacity to regenerate. Hepatocytes, the parenchymal cells of the liver, can regenerate in one of two ways: hepatocyte- or ...

Analysis of Zebrafish Larvae Skeletal Muscle Integrity with Evans Blue Dye

Analyse av Sebrafisk Larver Skeletal Muscle Integrity med Evans blå Dye

The zebrafish model is an emerging system for the study of neuromuscular disorders.  In the study of neuromuscular diseases, the integrity of the muscle ...

Development of an Ethanol-induced Fibrotic Liver Model in Zebrafish to Study Progenitor Cell-mediated Hepatocyte Regeneration

Utvikling av en etanol-indusert Fibrotiske Liver Modell i Sebrafisk å studere stamceller-mediert hepatocytter Regeneration

Sustained liver fibrosis with continuation of extracellular matrix (ECM) protein build-up results in the loss of cellular competency of the liver, leading ...

Acute and Chronic Models of Hyperglycemia in Zebrafish: A Method to Assess the Impact of Hyperglycemia on Neurogenesis and the Biodistribution of Radiolabeled Molecules

Akutte og kroniske modeller av hyperglykemi i sebrafisk: En metode for å vurdere virkningen av hyperglykemi på neurogenese og biodistribusjon av radiomerkede molekyler

Hyperglycemia is a major health issue that leads to cardiovascular and cerebral dysfunction. For instance, it is associated with increased neurological ...

Precise Cellular Ablation Approach for Modeling Acute Kidney Injury in Developing Zebrafish

Presis Cellular Ablation Approach for modellering av akutt nyreskade i utvikling av sebrafisk

Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) is a common medical condition with a high mortality rate. With the repair abilities of the kidney, it is possible to restore ...

Adult Zebrafish Injury Models to Study the Effects of Prednisolone in Regenerating Bone Tissue

Voksen sebrafisk skade modeller for å studere virkningene av prednisolon i å regenerere benvev

Zebrafish are able to regenerate various organs, including appendages (fins) after amputation. This involves the regeneration of bone, which regrows ...

Controlled Cortical Impact Model of Mouse Brain Injury with Therapeutic Transplantation of Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Neural Cells

Kontrollert kortikale Impact modell av mus hjerneskade med terapeutisk transplantasjon av Human indusert pluripotent Stem Cell-avledet nevrale celler

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Disease pathology due to TBI progresses from the primary mechanical ...