Name: protein-trna agarose gel retardation assays for the analysis of the n6-threonylcarbamoyladenosine tcda function
Uploaded: 2017-06-21T12:30:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Protein-tRNA Agarose Gel Retardation Assays for the Analysis of the N6-threonylcarbamoyladenosine TcdA Function at JoVE.com

MCV是CIB校内计划“更好生命的分子机器”（MACBET）的成员。导致这些结果的研究已经获得了西班牙萨洛德卡洛斯III研究所（PI12 / 01667至MCV）的资助，西班牙经济贸易部长（CTQ2015-66206-C2-2-R和SAF2015-72961-EXP至MCV） ），马德里区域政府（S2010 / BD-2316至MCV）和欧盟委员会（框架计划7（FP7））项目ComplexINC（MCV合同号279039）。资助者在研究设计，数据收集和分析，决定出版或准备稿件方面没有任何作用。

注意：使用前请咨询所有相关的材料安全数据表（MSDS）。本协议中使用的几种化学物质是有毒和腐蚀性的。使用苯酚进行tRNA提取时，请使用适当的做法，包括使用通风橱和个人防护装备（安全眼镜，手套，实验室外套，全长裤，闭式脚趾鞋等 ）。该方案使用无毒的核酸染色。使用替代污渍可能需要额外的预防措施，并且如果有毒和/或致癌（ 例如溴化乙锭），则染色剂的专门处置?...

<ol>
	<li>Scott, V., Clark, A. R., Docherty, K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+gel+retardation+assay.">The gel retardation assay.</a> Methods Mol Biol. 31, 339-347 (1994).</li><li>L&#243;pez-Estepa, M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+crystal+structure+and+small-angle+X-ray+analysis+of+CsdL/TcdA+reveal+a+new+tRNA+binding+motif+in+the+MoeB/E1+superfamily.">The crystal structure and small-angle X-ray analysis of CsdL/TcdA reveal a new tRNA binding motif in the MoeB/E1 superfamily.</a> Plos One. 10 (4), e0118606 (2015).</li><li>Miyauchi, K., Kimura, S., Suzuki, T. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+cyclic+form+of+N6-threonylcarbamoyladenosine+as+a+widely+distributed+tRNA+hypermodification.">A cyclic form of N6-threonylcarbamoyladenosine as a widely distributed tRNA hypermodification.</a> Nat Chem Biol. 9 (2), 105-111 (2013).</li><li>Bolstad, H. M., Botelho, D. J., Wood, M. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Proteomic+analysis+of+protein-protein+interactions+within+the+Cysteine+Sulfinate+Desulfinase+Fe-S+cluster+biogenesis+system.">Proteomic analysis of protein-protein interactions within the Cysteine Sulfinate Desulfinase Fe-S cluster biogenesis system.</a> J Proteome Res. 9 (10), 5358-5369 (2010).</li><li>Loiseau, L., Ollagnier-de Choudens, S., Lascoux, D., Forest, E., Fontecave, M., Barras, F. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Analysis+of+the+heteromeric+CsdA-CsdE+cysteine+desulfurase,+assisting+Fe-S+cluster+biogenesis+in+Escherichia+coli.">Analysis of the heteromeric CsdA-CsdE cysteine desulfurase, assisting Fe-S cluster biogenesis in Escherichia coli.</a> J Biol Chem. 280 (29), 26760-26769 (2005).</li><li>Fried, M. G., Crothers, D. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Equilibrium+studies+of+the+cyclic+AMP+receptor+protein-DNA+interaction.">Equilibrium studies of the cyclic AMP receptor protein-DNA interaction.</a> J Mol Biol. 172 (3), 241-262 (1984).</li><li>Garner, M. M., Revzin, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+gel+electrophoresis+method+for+quantifying+the+binding+of+proteins+to+specific+DNA+regions:+application+to+components+of+the+Escherichia+coli+lactose+operon+regulatory+system.">A gel electrophoresis method for quantifying the binding of proteins to specific DNA regions: application to components of the Escherichia coli lactose operon regulatory system.</a> Nucleic Acids Res. 9 (13), 3047-3060 (1981).</li><li>Rio, D. C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Electrophoretic+mobility+shift+assays+for+RNA-protein+complexes.">Electrophoretic mobility shift assays for RNA-protein complexes.</a> Cold Spring Harb Protoc. 2014 (4), 435-440 (2014).</li><li>Ryder, S. P., Recht, M. I., Williamson, J. R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Quantitative+analysis+of+protein-RNA+interactions+by+gel+mobility+shift.">Quantitative analysis of protein-RNA interactions by gel mobility shift.</a> Methods Mol Biol. 488, 99-115 (2008).</li><li>Yakhnin, A. V., Yakhnin, H., Babitzke, P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Gel+mobility+shift+assays+to+detect+protein-RNA+interactions.">Gel mobility shift assays to detect protein-RNA interactions.</a> Methods Mol Biol. 905, 201-211 (2012).</li><li>Ream, J. A., Lewis, L. K., Lewis, K. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Rapid+agarose+gel+electrophoretic+mobility+shift+assay+for+quantitating+protein:+RNA+interactions.">Rapid agarose gel electrophoretic mobility shift assay for quantitating protein: RNA interactions.</a> Anal Biochem. 511, 36-41 (2016).</li><li>Hagel, L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Gel-filtration+chromatography.">Gel-filtration chromatography.</a> Curr Protoc Mol Biol. , (2001).</li></ol>

本文描述的蛋白质-TRNA琼脂糖凝胶阻滞测定可以以多种方式进行修饰。首先，可以减少凝胶中琼脂糖的百分比，以使蛋白质tRNA复合物的分离和可视化显着大于本文分析的（120 kDa）。第二，如果目标蛋白是不耐热的，则必须采取额外的预防措施，以确保通过将电泳装置移动到冷藏室或使用电泳室内的冰袋将温度保持在最高可接受温度以下，以立即消散产生的热量在运行期间。如果需要或可接受的样...

<html>凝胶阻滞测定1 （也称为电泳迁移率变动测定，EMSA）是设计用于研究和表征蛋白质 - 核酸相互作用的电泳方法。它允许使用纯化的组分或蛋白质（ 例如细胞裂解物）或核酸的复杂混合物（ 例如 ，tRNA）来分析蛋白质-DNA以及蛋白质 - RNA相互作用，特别是tRNA和tRNA结合蛋白质之间的相互作用池）。我们已经将凝胶阻滞测定法应用于纯化的tRNA（UUU）和TcdA（N6-磺酰基氨基甲酰基腺苷（t6A）脱水酶）之间相互作用的研究，该脱水酶使连接于A30的苏木糖氨基甲酰侧链在反密码子茎环（ASL）中环化，的tRNA到循环t 6 （ct 6 A） 2,3 。 TcdA也被称为CsdL 3 ，tcdA / csdL基因与csdA和csdE基因5形成簇，其编码半胱氨酸脱硫酶和半胱氨酸亚硫酸盐脱硫酸盐（CSD）系统的硫受体，并需要在体内维持TcdA功能3 。 凝胶阻滞测定的基本原理是，尽管游离核酸分子由于其大的负电荷而快速迁移到丙烯酰胺或琼脂糖凝胶的前部，但是相同核酸的蛋白质复合物的电泳迁移率显着降低。迁移率的降低可视化为核酸 - 蛋白质复合物中的“转移”，其作为离散条带解决。带正电荷的和较大的核酸 - 蛋白质复合物在凝胶上显示出更大的移动或降低迁移率。 由于复合体的电荷中和是普遍现象对于蛋白质 - 核酸复合物，凝胶阻滞测定可以应用于广泛的复合物和核酸类型。该方法简单，价格便宜，可在实验室内以最少的设备进行。它只需要少量的蛋白质和tRNA。这比替代生物物理技术有一个优势，通常消耗较大量的样品。 凝胶阻滞测定已广泛用于转录因子的研究。该测定已被用于分析许多不同DNA序列的转录因子的结合动力学，强度和特异性。 EMSA在这个领域确实是第一次开发6,7 。 RNA 8,9,10,11和tRNA分子的凝胶阻滞测定也用于核糖体研究并且像我们这里所说的那样分析在转录后修饰tRNA核苷的酶。 许多不同的参数影响凝胶阻滞测定的结果，例如温度，蛋白质和tRNA样品的质量以及结合强度。仔细规划和执行实验对于释放游离核酸和蛋白质结合物种的结果至关重要。在这里，我们使用编码tRNA（UUU）的合成基因克隆到启动子缺乏Shine-Dalgarno核糖体结合位点的表达载体中，导致大量tRNA2的合成。该详细方案旨在提供执行tRNA凝胶阻滞实验的明确指导，同时避免常见错误。

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="1054">
	<tbody>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:433px;">E. coli BL21(DE3)</td>
			<td style="width:135px;">Novagen</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">70235</td>
			<td style="width:367px;">DE3 lysogen contains T7 polymerase upon IPTG induction.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:433px;">pET23d</td>
			<td style="width:135px;">Novagen</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">69748-3</td>
			<td style="width:367px;">pET23d confers resistance to ampicillin; T7 promoter.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:433px;">LB Broth, Low Salt (Lennox L Broth), Granulated</td>
			<td style="width:135px;">Melford</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">GL1703</td>
			<td style="width:367px;">Conventional LB Broth, High Salt, can also be used.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:433px;">Ampicillin</td>
			<td style="width:135px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">10419313</td>
			<td style="width:367px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:433px;">Incubator Shaker (Thermostated)</td>
			<td style="width:135px;">NBS</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">Excella E24&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:367px;">Any shaker incubator with temperature control can be used.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:433px;">Isopropyl-beta-D-thiogalactopyranoside (IPTG), &#62;=99%</td>
			<td style="width:135px;">Acros Organics</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">BP1755</td>
			<td style="width:367px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:433px;">Sodium acetate, anhydrous, &#62;99%</td>
			<td style="width:135px;">Melford</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">B4017</td>
			<td style="width:367px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:433px;">Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), Disodium salt, &#62;99%</td>
			<td style="width:135px;">Acros Organics</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">AC327205000</td>
			<td style="width:367px;">Harmful if inhaled.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:433px;">Centrifuge (refrigerated)</td>
			<td style="width:135px;">Eppendorf</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">5430</td>
			<td style="width:367px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:433px;">Centrifuge (refrigerated) rotor</td>
			<td style="width:135px;">Eppendorf</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">5430/5430P</td>
			<td style="width:367px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:433px;">Centrifuge</td>
			<td style="width:135px;">Sorvall</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">RC5C</td>
			<td style="width:367px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:433px;">Centrifuge rotor</td>
			<td style="width:135px;">Sorvall</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">SLA-3000</td>
			<td style="width:367px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:433px;">Phenol solution, Saturated with 0.1 M citrate buffer, pH 4.3 &#177; 0.2</td>
			<td style="width:135px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">P4682</td>
			<td style="width:367px;">Acute toxicity (oral, dermal, inhalation), corrosive</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:433px;">Ethanol absolute for analysis, 100% v/v</td>
			<td style="width:135px;">Merck Millipore</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">100983</td>
			<td style="width:367px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:433px;">Sodium phosphate dibasic dihydrate, Na2HPO4, &#62;=99%</td>
			<td style="width:135px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">71643</td>
			<td style="width:367px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:433px;">Potassium dihydrogen phosphate, KH2PO4</td>
			<td style="width:135px;">Merck</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">48,730,250</td>
			<td style="width:367px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:433px;">HiLoad 16/60 Superdex 75&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:135px;">GE Healthcare</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">28989333</td>
			<td style="width:367px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:433px;">Agarose</td>
			<td style="width:135px;">Melford</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">MB1200</td>
			<td style="width:367px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:433px;">Tris [Tris(hydroxymethyl) aminomethane HCl]</td>
			<td style="width:135px;">Melford</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">T1513</td>
			<td style="width:367px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:433px;">Boric Acid</td>
			<td style="width:135px;">Melford</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">B0503</td>
			<td style="width:367px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:433px;">Microwave</td>
			<td style="width:135px;">Haier</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">HDA-2070M</td>
			<td style="width:367px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:433px;">TCEP [Tris(2-carboxyethyl)phosphine hydrochloride]</td>
			<td style="width:135px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">C4706</td>
			<td style="width:367px;">Corrosive to metals and skin.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:433px;">ATP [Adenosine 5&#8242;-triphosphate disodium salt hydrate], Grade I, &#62;=99%</td>
			<td style="width:135px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">A2383</td>
			<td style="width:367px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="25">
			<td height="25" style="height:25px;width:433px;">Magnesium chloride (MgCl2), anhydrous, &#62;=98%</td>
			<td style="width:135px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">M8266</td>
			<td style="width:367px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:433px;">Sodium chloride (NaCl), &#62;99%</td>
			<td style="width:135px;">Fisher Bioreagents</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">BP358</td>
			<td style="width:367px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:433px;">Potassium chloride (KCl), &#62;99%</td>
			<td style="width:135px;">Melford</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">P0515</td>
			<td style="width:367px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:433px;">NZYDNA Ladder VI</td>
			<td style="width:135px;">NZYtech</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">MB8901</td>
			<td style="width:367px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:433px;">Power supply</td>
			<td style="width:135px;">Consort</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">EV261</td>
			<td style="width:367px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:433px;">Electrophoresis unit</td>
			<td style="width:135px;">Real Laboratory</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">RELSMINI10</td>
			<td style="width:367px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:433px;">Real Safe nucleic acid staining</td>
			<td style="width:135px;">Real Laboratory</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">RBMSAFE</td>
			<td style="width:367px;">20,000X stock</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:433px;">UV Transilluminator (G:Box/EF)</td>
			<td style="width:135px;">Syngene</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">2216498</td>
			<td style="width:367px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:433px;">Coomassie Brilliant Blue G</td>
			<td style="width:135px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">B0770</td>
			<td style="width:367px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:433px;">Rocker (Gyro-Rocker)</td>
			<td style="width:135px;">Stuart</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">SSL3</td>
			<td style="width:367px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:433px;">Mixer Vortex&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:135px;">Fisher brand</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">13214789</td>
			<td style="width:367px;"></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

protein-trna agarose gel retardation assays for the analysis of the n6-threonylcarbamoyladenosine tcda function

我们展示了在大肠杆菌中表达和纯化tRNA（UUU）的方法，并且通过凝胶阻滞测定法分析tRNA（UUU）与TcdA（ N 6 -苏氨酰氨基甲酰氨基腺苷（t6A）脱水酶）的结合的分析，其使苏氨酰氨基甲酰基侧链连接到tRNA的反密码子茎环（ASL）中的A37到循环t 6 A（ct 6 A）。在具有1mM异丙基β-D-1-硫代吡喃半乳糖苷（IPTG）的大肠杆菌中诱导编码tRNA（UUU）的合成基因的转录，诱导后24小时收获含有tRNA的细胞。使用酸性酚提取法纯化RNA级分。通过凝胶过滤色谱法获得纯tRNA，其有效地将小尺寸tRNA分子与较大的完整或片段化的核酸分离。为了分析与tRNA（UUU）结合的TcdA，将TcdA与tRNA（UUU）混合，并在4℃下在天然琼脂糖凝胶上分离。游离tRNA（UUU）迁移更快，而TcdA-tRNA（UUU）复合物经历了在凝胶染色时可观察到的移动性延迟。我们证明TcdA是一种tRNA（UUU）结合酶。这种凝胶阻滞测定可用于研究TcdA突变体以及添加剂和其他蛋白质对结合的影响。

通过在强诱导型T7启动子的控制下在大肠杆菌中表达tRNA基因可以获得大量的tRNA（UUU）。表达的tRNA（UUU）积累在细胞质中，并且在天然丰富的tRNA库中富集。使用由捕获/提取步骤和凝胶过滤/抛光步骤组成的两步​​纯化方法获得EMSA级tRNA。捕获/提取步骤使用pH 4.3苯酚来实现蛋白质，细胞碎片，DNA的同时沉淀和tRNA（和其他RNA分子）的提取。在该步骤中，可以通过在2％...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Protein-tRNA Agarose Gel Retardation Assays for the Analysis of the N6-threonylcarbamoyladenosine TcdA Function at JoVE.com

Protein-tRNA Agarose Gel Retardation Assays for the Analysis of the N6-threonylcarbamoyladenosine TcdA Function

介绍了通过琼脂糖凝胶阻滞测定技术生产tRNA（UUU）和tDNA（UUU）与酶TcdA复合物的分析方案。

蛋白质tRNA琼脂糖凝胶延迟测定分析<em&gt;ñ</em<sup&gt; 6</sup&gt; - 磺酰氨基甲酰腺苷TcdA功能

We demonstrate methods for the expression and purification of tRNA(UUU) in Escherichia coli and the analysis by gel retardation assays of the binding of ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Biochemistry

Protein-tRNA Agarose Gel Retardation Assays for the Analysis of the N6-threonylcarbamoyladenosine TcdA Function

Automated Acoustic Dispensing for the Serial Dilution of Peptide Agonists in Potency Determination Assays

自动声胶肽受体激动剂的效价测定测定的连续稀释

As with small molecule drug discovery, screening for peptide agonists requires the serial dilution of peptides to produce concentration-response curves. ...

科研

生物化学

An Efficient Method for the Isolation of Highly Purified RNA from Seeds for Use in Quantitative Transcriptome Analysis

对于高度纯化RNA的种子定量转录组分析的隔离中使用的有效方法

Plant seeds accumulate large amounts of storage reserves comprising biodegradable organic matter. Humans rely on seed storage reserves for food and as ...

Analyzing Supercomplexes of the Mitochondrial Electron Transport Chain with Native Electrophoresis, In-gel Assays, and Electroelution

用天然电泳，凝胶电泳和电解法分析线粒体电子传递链的超复合物

The mitochondrial electron transport chain (ETC) transduces the energy derived from the breakdown of various fuels into the bioenergetic currency of the ...

Use of Two Dimensional Semi-denaturing Detergent Agarose Gel Electrophoresis to Confirm Size Heterogeneity of Amyloid or Amyloid-like Fibers

二维半变性洗涤剂琼脂糖凝胶电泳法确定淀粉样或淀粉样纤维的粒度异质性

Amyloid or amyloid-like fibers have been associated with many human diseases, and are now being discovered to be important for many signaling pathways. ...

Toeprinting Analysis of Translation Initiation Complex Formation on Mammalian mRNAs

哺乳动物基因翻译起始复合体形成的 Toeprinting 分析

Translation initiation is the rate-limiting step of protein synthesis and represents a key point at which cells regulate their protein output. Regulation ...

Sampling and Pretreatment of Tooth Enamel Carbonate for Stable Carbon and Oxygen Isotope Analysis

用于稳定碳氧同位素分析的牙釉质碳酸盐的取样与预处理

Stable carbon and oxygen isotope analysis of human and animal tooth enamel carbonate has been applied in paleodietary, paleoecological, and ...

Dynamic Proteomic and miRNA Analysis of Polysomes from Isolated Mouse Heart After Langendorff Perfusion

Langendorff 灌注后离体小鼠心脏 Polysomes 的动态蛋白质组学及 miRNA 分析

Studies in dynamic changes in protein translation require specialized methods. Here we examined changes in newly-synthesized proteins in response to ...

Analysis of Thylakoid Membrane Protein Complexes by Blue Native Gel Electrophoresis

蓝色本机凝胶电泳法分析囊体膜蛋白配合物

Photosynthetic electron transfer chain (ETC) converts solar energy to chemical energy in the form of NADPH and ATP. Four large protein complexes embedded ...

Activated Cross-linked Agarose for the Rapid Development of Affinity Chromatography Resins - Antibody Capture as a Case Study

活联甘蔗，用于亲和色谱树脂的快速发展 - 抗体捕获作为案例研究

The purification of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) is commonly achieved by Protein A affinity chromatography, which can account for up to 25% of the overall ...

Utilizing Time-Resolved Protein-Induced Fluorescence Enhancement to Identify Stable Local Conformations One &#945;-Synuclein Monomer at a Time

Utilizing Time-Resolved Protein-Induced Fluorescence Enhancement to Identify Stable Local Conformations One ÃƒÅ½Ã‚Â±-Synuclein Monomer at a Time

利用时间分辨蛋白诱导的荧光增强来鉴定稳定的局部构象，一次一α-突触核蛋白单体

Using spectroscopic rulers to track multiple conformations of single biomolecules and their dynamics have revolutionized the understanding of structural ...