Name: methods to classify cytoplasmic foci as mammalian stress granules
Uploaded: 2017-05-12T14:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Methods to Classify Cytoplasmic Foci as Mammalian Stress Granules at JoVE.com

Мы благодарим членов лабораторий Иванова и Андерсона за их полезные обсуждения и отзывы по этой рукописи. Эта работа была поддержана Национальными институтами здравоохранения [GM111700 и CA168872 PA, NS094918 - PI], Национальным научным центром в Польше [предоставить UMO-2012/06 / M / NZ3 / 00054 на WS]. WS также признает Министерство науки и высшего образования в Польше (Mobility Plus Program) и Польско-Американскую комиссию Фулбрайта за финансовую поддержку своих исследований в США.

1. Подготовка клеток <ol><li> Добавить покровные покровные стекла в 12 лунок 24-луночного планшета, как показано на рисунке 1A ; Это можно сделать, используя стерильную пипетку Пастера, прикрепленную к вакууму, чтобы подобрать каждое покровное. Аккуратно нажмите покровное на стороне...

<ol>
	<li>Holcik, M., Sonenberg, N. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Translational+control+in+stress+and+apoptosis.">Translational control in stress and apoptosis.</a> Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 6 (4), 318-327 (2005).</li><li>Yamasaki, S., Anderson, P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Reprogramming+mRNA+translation+during+stress.">Reprogramming mRNA translation during stress.</a> Curr Opin Cell Biol. 20 (2), 222-226 (2008).</li><li>Buchan, J. R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=mRNP+granules:+Assembly,+function,+and+connections+with+disease.">mRNP granules: Assembly, function, and connections with disease.</a> RNA Biol. 11 (8), (2014).</li><li>Kedersha, N., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Evidence+that+ternary+complex+(eIF2-GTP-tRNA(i)(Met))-deficient+preinitiation+complexes+are+core+constituents+of+mammalian+stress+granules.">Evidence that ternary complex (eIF2-GTP-tRNA(i)(Met))-deficient preinitiation complexes are core constituents of mammalian stress granules.</a> Mol Biol Cell. 13 (1), 195-210 (2002).</li><li>Kedersha, N., Ivanov, P., Anderson, P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Stress+granules+and+cell+signaling:+more+than+just+a+passing+phase?.">Stress granules and cell signaling: more than just a passing phase?.</a> Trends Biochem Sci. 38 (10), 494-506 (2013).</li><li>Kedersha, N., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Dynamic+shuttling+of+TIA-1+accompanies+the+recruitment+of+mRNA+to+mammalian+stress+granules.">Dynamic shuttling of TIA-1 accompanies the recruitment of mRNA to mammalian stress granules.</a> J Cell Biol. 151 (6), 1257-1268 (2000).</li><li>Bley, N., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Stress+granules+are+dispensable+for+mRNA+stabilization+during+cellular+stress.">Stress granules are dispensable for mRNA stabilization during cellular stress.</a> Nucleic Acids Res. 43 (4), e26 (2015).</li><li>Kedersha, N., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=G3BP-Caprin1-USP10+complexes+mediate+stress+granule+condensation+and+associate+with+40S+subunits.">G3BP-Caprin1-USP10 complexes mediate stress granule condensation and associate with 40S subunits.</a> J Cell Biol. 212 (7), 845-860 (2016).</li><li>Panas, M. D., Ivanov, P., Anderson, P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Mechanistic+insights+into+mammalian+stress+granule+dynamics.">Mechanistic insights into mammalian stress granule dynamics.</a> J Cell Biol. 215 (3), 313-323 (2016).</li><li>Anderson, P., Kedersha, N., Ivanov, P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Stress+granules,+P-bodies+and+cancer.">Stress granules, P-bodies and cancer.</a> Biochim Biophys Acta. 1849 (7), 861-870 (2015).</li><li>Aulas, A., Van de Velde, ., C, <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Alterations+in+stress+granule+dynamics+driven+by+TDP-43+and+FUS:+a+link+to+pathological+inclusions+in+ALS?.">Alterations in stress granule dynamics driven by TDP-43 and FUS: a link to pathological inclusions in ALS?.</a> Front Cell Neurosci. 9, 423 (2015).</li><li>Ivanov, P., Anderson, P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Post-transcriptional+regulatory+networks+in+immunity.">Post-transcriptional regulatory networks in immunity.</a> Immunol Rev. 253 (1), 253-272 (2013).</li><li>Wolozin, B. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Physiological+protein+aggregation+run+amuck:+stress+granules+and+the+genesis+of+neurodegenerative+disease.">Physiological protein aggregation run amuck: stress granules and the genesis of neurodegenerative disease.</a> Discov Med. 17 (91), 47-52 (2014).</li><li>Lloyd, R. E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Regulation+of+stress+granules+and+P-bodies+during+RNA+virus+infection.">Regulation of stress granules and P-bodies during RNA virus infection.</a> Wiley Interdiscip Rev RNA. 4 (3), 317-331 (2013).</li><li>Somasekharan, S. P., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=YB-1+regulates+stress+granule+formation+and+tumor+progression+by+translationally+activating+G3BP1.">YB-1 regulates stress granule formation and tumor progression by translationally activating G3BP1.</a> J Cell Biol. 208 (7), 913-929 (2015).</li><li>Adjibade, P., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Sorafenib,+a+multikinase+inhibitor,+induces+formation+of+stress+granules+in+hepatocarcinoma+cells.">Sorafenib, a multikinase inhibitor, induces formation of stress granules in hepatocarcinoma cells.</a> Oncotarget. , (2015).</li><li>Fournier, M. J., Gareau, C., Mazroui, R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+chemotherapeutic+agent+bortezomib+induces+the+formation+of+stress+granules.">The chemotherapeutic agent bortezomib induces the formation of stress granules.</a> Cancer Cell Int. 10, 12 (2010).</li><li>Mazroui, R., Di Marco, S., Kaufman, R. J., Gallouzi, I. E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Inhibition+of+the+ubiquitin-proteasome+system+induces+stress+granule+formation.">Inhibition of the ubiquitin-proteasome system induces stress granule formation.</a> Mol Biol Cell. 18 (7), 2603-2618 (2007).</li><li>Moeller, B. J., Cao, Y., Li, C. Y., Dewhirst, M. W. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Radiation+activates+HIF-1+to+regulate+vascular+radiosensitivity+in+tumors:+role+of+reoxygenation,+free+radicals,+and+stress+granules.">Radiation activates HIF-1 to regulate vascular radiosensitivity in tumors: role of reoxygenation, free radicals, and stress granules.</a> Cancer Cell. 5 (5), 429-441 (2004).</li><li>Szaflarski, W., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Vinca+alkaloid+drugs+promote+stress-induced+translational+repression+and+stress+granule+formation.">Vinca alkaloid drugs promote stress-induced translational repression and stress granule formation.</a> Oncotarget. 7 (21), 30307-30322 (2016).</li><li>Gilks, N., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Stress+granule+assembly+is+mediated+by+prion-like+aggregation+of+TIA-1.">Stress granule assembly is mediated by prion-like aggregation of TIA-1.</a> Mol Biol Cell. 15 (12), 5383-5398 (2004).</li><li>Kedersha, N. L., Gupta, M., Li, W., Miller, I., Anderson, P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=RNA-binding+proteins+TIA-1+and+TIAR+link+the+phosphorylation+of+eIF-2+alpha+to+the+assembly+of+mammalian+stress+granules.">RNA-binding proteins TIA-1 and TIAR link the phosphorylation of eIF-2 alpha to the assembly of mammalian stress granules.</a> J Cell Biol. 147 (7), 1431-1442 (1999).</li><li>Kedersha, N., Anderson, P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Mammalian+stress+granules+and+processing+bodies.">Mammalian stress granules and processing bodies.</a> Methods Enzymol. 431, 61-81 (2007).</li><li>Kedersha, N., Tisdale, S., Hickman, T., Anderson, P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Real-time+and+quantitative+imaging+of+mammalian+stress+granules+and+processing+bodies.">Real-time and quantitative imaging of mammalian stress granules and processing bodies.</a> Methods Enzymol. 448, 521-552 (2008).</li><li>Langer-Safer, P. R., Levine, M., Ward, D. C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Immunological+method+for+mapping+genes+on+Drosophila+polytene+chromosomes.">Immunological method for mapping genes on Drosophila polytene chromosomes.</a> Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 79 (14), 4381-4385 (1982).</li><li>Schneider, C. A., Rasband, W. S., Eliceiri, K. W. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=NIH+Image+to+ImageJ:+25+years+of+image+analysis.">NIH Image to ImageJ: 25 years of image analysis.</a> Nat Methods. 9 (7), 671-675 (2012).</li><li>David, A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Nuclear+translation+visualized+by+ribosome-bound+nascent+chain+puromycylation.">Nuclear translation visualized by ribosome-bound nascent chain puromycylation.</a> J Cell Biol. 197 (1), 45-57 (2012).</li><li>Panas, M. D., Kedersha, N., McInerney, G. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Methods+for+the+characterization+of+stress+granules+in+virus+infected+cells.">Methods for the characterization of stress granules in virus infected cells.</a> Methods. 90, 57-64 (2015).</li><li>David, A., Bennink, J. R., Yewdell, J. W. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Emetine+optimally+facilitates+nascent+chain+puromycylation+and+potentiates+the+ribopuromycylation+method+(RPM)+applied+to+inert+cells.">Emetine optimally facilitates nascent chain puromycylation and potentiates the ribopuromycylation method (RPM) applied to inert cells.</a> Histochem Cell Biol. 139 (3), 501-504 (2013).</li><li>Dieterich, D. C., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=In+situ+visualization+and+dynamics+of+newly+synthesized+proteins+in+rat+hippocampal+neurons.">In situ visualization and dynamics of newly synthesized proteins in rat hippocampal neurons.</a> Nat Neurosci. 13 (7), 897-905 (2010).</li><li>Ruggieri, A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Dynamic+oscillation+of+translation+and+stress+granule+formation+mark+the+cellular+response+to+virus+infection.">Dynamic oscillation of translation and stress granule formation mark the cellular response to virus infection.</a> Cell Host Microbe. 12 (1), 71-85 (2012).</li><li>Ghisolfi, L., Dutt, S., McConkey, M. E., Ebert, B. L., Anderson, P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Stress+granules+contribute+to+alpha-globin+homeostasis+in+differentiating+erythroid+cells.">Stress granules contribute to alpha-globin homeostasis in differentiating erythroid cells.</a> Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 420 (4), 768-774 (2012).</li><li>Ohn, T., Kedersha, N., Hickman, T., Tisdale, S., Anderson, P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+functional+RNAi+screen+links+O-GlcNAc+modification+of+ribosomal+proteins+to+stress+granule+and+processing+body+assembly.">A functional RNAi screen links O-GlcNAc modification of ribosomal proteins to stress granule and processing body assembly.</a> Nat Cell Biol. 10 (10), 1224-1231 (2008).</li><li>Porter, A. C., Fanger, G. R., Vaillancourt, R. R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Signal+transduction+pathways+regulated+by+arsenate+and+arsenite.">Signal transduction pathways regulated by arsenate and arsenite.</a> Oncogene. 18 (54), 7794-7802 (1999).</li><li>Shen, S., Li, X. F., Cullen, W. R., Weinfeld, M., Le, X. C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Arsenic+binding+to+proteins.">Arsenic binding to proteins.</a> Chem Rev. 113 (10), 7769-7792 (2013).</li><li>McDonald, K. K., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=TAR+DNA-binding+protein+43+(TDP-43)+regulates+stress+granule+dynamics+via+differential+regulation+of+G3BP+and+TIA-1.">TAR DNA-binding protein 43 (TDP-43) regulates stress granule dynamics via differential regulation of G3BP and TIA-1.</a> Hum Mol Genet. 20 (7), 1400-1410 (2011).</li><li>Aulas, A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=G3BP1+promotes+stress-induced+RNA+granule+interactions+to+preserve+polyadenylated+mRNA.">G3BP1 promotes stress-induced RNA granule interactions to preserve polyadenylated mRNA.</a> J Cell Biol. 209 (1), 73-84 (2015).</li><li>Martin, S., Tazi, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Visualization+of+G3BP+stress+granules+dynamics+in+live+primary+cells.">Visualization of G3BP stress granules dynamics in live primary cells.</a> J Vis Exp. (87), (2014).</li><li>Wippich, F., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Dual+specificity+kinase+DYRK3+couples+stress+granule+condensation/dissolution+to+mTORC1+signaling.">Dual specificity kinase DYRK3 couples stress granule condensation/dissolution to mTORC1 signaling.</a> Cell. 152 (4), 791-805 (2013).</li></ol>

Как свидетельствуют иммуногистологические исследования при множественных заболеваниях, хронический стресс приводит к образованию различных внутриклеточных очагов. Например, большинство нейродегенеративных заболеваний характеризуются внутриклеточными агрегатами нерастворимых ?...

<table border="1" fo:keep-together.within-page="1" fo:keep-with-next.within-page="always">
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>U-2 OS</td>
			<td>ATCC</td>
			<td>ATCC&#174;HTB-96&#8482;</td>
			<td>- commonly written as &#34;U2OS&#34; 
			- culture at 37 &#176;C under 5% CO2 in 10% FBS/DMEM</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Dulbecco&#39;s Modification of Eagle&#39;s Medium</td>
			<td>Corning</td>
			<td>10-013-CV</td>
			<td>- abbreviated DMEM 
			- contains 4.5 g/L glucose, pyruvate, and phenol red 
			- supplemented with 10% FBS, 10 mM HEPES, and penicillin/steptomycin 
			- prewarm prior drug(s) dilution</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Fetal Bovine Serum</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>F2442-500ml</td>
			<td>- abbreviated FBS 
			- used to supplement media</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>HEPES (1 M)</td>
			<td>Thermo Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>15630-080</td>
			<td>- used to supplement media</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>penicilline streptomycine</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>P0781-100ml</td>
			<td>- used to supplement media</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>24 well plate</td>
			<td>Costar</td>
			<td>3524</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>lab tissues</td>
			<td>KIMTECH SCIENCE</td>
			<td>34120</td>
			<td>- commonly called &#34;kimwipes&#34;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Coverglass for Growth Cover Glasses</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>12-545-82</td>
			<td>- autoclaved before used 
			- keep sterile in the tissue culture hood</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Sodium (meta)arsenite &#8805;90%</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>S7400-100G</td>
			<td>- commonly called sodium arsenite and abbreviated SA 
			- dissolution in water at 1 M concentration, then dilute to 100 &#181;M as a working stock</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Vinorelbine</td>
			<td>TSZ CHEM</td>
			<td>RS055</td>
			<td>- abbreviated VRB 
			- dissolve in water to 10 mM</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Puromycin</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>P9620</td>
			<td>- used to assess translation level (ribopuromycylation) 
			- used to assess SG connection with active translation 
			- dilute in water to 10 mg/mL</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Emetine dihydrochloride hydrate</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>E2375</td>
			<td>- used in combination with puro to assess general translation level 
			- used to assess SG connection with active translation 
			- dilute in water to 10 mg/mL</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Cycloheximide</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>C4859</td>
			<td>- abbreviated CHX 
			- used to assess SG connection with active translation 
			- dilute in water to 10 mg/mL</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Phosphate Buffered Saline</td>
			<td>Lonza / VWR</td>
			<td>95042-486</td>
			<td>- abbreviated PBS 
			- wash buffer for immunofluorescence</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Paraformaldehyde reagent grade, crystalline</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>P6148-500G</td>
			<td>- make a 4% solution in hot PBS in fume hood, stir until dissolved 
			- aliquots can be stored at - 20 &#176;C for several months 
			- hazardous, use ventilation 
			- discard in special waste</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Methanol, ACS</td>
			<td>BDH / VWR</td>
			<td>BDH1135-4LP</td>
			<td>- pre-chilled to -20&#176;C before use 
			- discard in special waste</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Normal Horse Serum</td>
			<td>Thermo Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>31874</td>
			<td>- abbreviated NHS 
			- dilute to 5% in PBS 
			- add sodium azide for storage at 4&#176;C 
			- blocking solution for immunofluorescence</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Ethanol, Pure, 200 Proof (100%),USP, KOPTEC</td>
			<td>Decon Labs / VWR</td>
			<td>89125-188</td>
			<td>- dilute to 70% with water</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Fisherbrand Superfrost Plus Microscope Slides</td>
			<td>Fisherbrand</td>
			<td>12-550-15</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>mouse anti G3BP1 antibody (TT-Y)</td>
			<td>Santa Cruz</td>
			<td>sc-81940</td>
			<td>- store at 4 &#176;C 
			- use at 1/100 dilution</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>rabbit anti eIF4G antibody (H-300)</td>
			<td>Santa Cruz</td>
			<td>sc-11373</td>
			<td>- store at 4 &#176;C 
			- 1/250 dilution</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>goat anti eIF3&#951; (N-20) antibody</td>
			<td>Santa Cruz</td>
			<td>sc-16377</td>
			<td>- eIF3&#951; is also known as eIF3b 
			- store at 4 &#176;C 
			- 1/250 dilution</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>mouse anti puromycin 12D10 antibody</td>
			<td>Millipore</td>
			<td>MABE343</td>
			<td>- store at 4 &#176;C 
			- 1/1000 dilution</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Cy2 AffiniPure Donkey Anti-Mouse IgG (H+L)</td>
			<td>Jackson Immunoresearch</td>
			<td>715-225-150</td>
			<td>- reconstitute in water as per manufacturer&#8217;s instructions then store at 4&#176;C 
			- 1/250 dilution</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Cy3 AffiniPure Donkey Anti-Rabbit IgG (H+L)</td>
			<td>Jackson Immunoresearch</td>
			<td>711-165-152</td>
			<td>- reconstitute in water as per manufacturer&#8217;s instructions then store at 4&#176;C 
			- 1/2500 dilution</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Cy5 AffiniPure Donkey Anti-Goat IgG (H+L)</td>
			<td>Jackson Immunoresearch</td>
			<td>705-175-147</td>
			<td>- reconstitute in water as per manufacturer&#8217;s instructions then store at 4&#176;C 
			- 1/250 dilution</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Hoechst 33258 solution</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>94403-1ML</td>
			<td>- incubate with secondary antibodies 
			-stock solution 0.5 mg/mL in dH20, protect from light 
			- Store at 4 &#176;C</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Cy3 Streptavidin</td>
			<td>Jackson Immunoresearch</td>
			<td>016-160-084</td>
			<td>- reconstitute in water as per manufacturer&#8217;s instructions, then store at 4&#176;C 
			- 1/250 dilution</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>oligo-(dT)40x probe biotinilated</td>
			<td>Integrated DNA Technologies (IDT)</td>
			<td>/</td>
			<td>- reconstitute in water to 100 ng/mL, aliquot and store at -20&#176;C 
			- dilute in hybridation buffer 1/50 prior to use 
			- custom order</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>hybridation box</td>
			<td>/</td>
			<td>/</td>
			<td>- make a moisture chamber with any storing slide box by adding humidified paper on the bottom 
			- prewarm the box prior use</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>20 x SSC buffer</td>
			<td>Thermo fisher Ambion</td>
			<td>AM9763</td>
			<td>- dilute to 2X SSC using RNase Free water (DEPC treated) 
			- store at room temperature 
			- wash buffer for FISH</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>PerfectHybPlus Hybridization Buffer</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>H7033-50ml</td>
			<td>- block and probe incubation buffer for FISH</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>slide mounting media</td>
			<td>home made</td>
			<td>/</td>
			<td>- mix 5 g of &#8220;cold-soluble&#8221; poly(vinyl alcohol) in 20 ml of PBS 
			- mix by sonication, followed by stirring overnight at RT 
			- Add 5 ml of glycerol and 0.2 ml of 20 % sodium azide, and stir for 16 h at RT 
			- centrifugation at 20,000 g for 20 min, discard large pellet 
			- aliquot viscous liquid, long-term storage at -20&#176;C, 1 week at 4&#176;C</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Parafilm &#34;M&#34;</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>P7793-1EA</td>
			<td>- usually referred as &#34;parafilm&#34;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Poly(vinyl alcohol)</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>P-8136-250G</td>
			<td>- reagent to make vinol</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Glycerol</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>G5516-100ML</td>
			<td>- reagent to make vinol</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>sodium azide</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>S2002-5G</td>
			<td>- preservative agent for blocking solution and vinol 
			- make a 20 % dilution in water</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

methods to classify cytoplasmic foci as mammalian stress granules

Внезапные изменения окружающей среды часто вызываются клетками. Гранулы напряжения (SG), цитоплазматические рибонуклеопротеидные комплексы, которые образуются в клетках, подвергающихся стрессовым условиям, вовлечены в различные аспекты клеточного метаболизма и выживания. SGs модулируют клеточные сигнальные пути, посттранскрипционную экспрессию генов и программы ответа на стресс. Образование этих гранул, содержащих мРНК, непосредственно связано с клеточным переносом. Собрание СГ запускается с помощью запрещенной инициации трансляции, и разборке СГ способствует активация трансляции или ингибированное удлинение трансляции. Эта взаимосвязь дополнительно подчеркивается составом ГС. Основными компонентами SG являются заторможенные трансляционные комплексы трансляции, мРНК и выбранные РНК-связывающие белки (RBPs). Цель сборки SG - сохранить клеточную энергию путем секвестрации трансляционно застопоренной домашней мРНК, позволяющей усиленный перенос стрессоустойчивых белков. В добавленииПо отношению к основным компонентам, таким как блокировки предизайсирования прерванного перевода, SG содержат множество других белков и сигнальных молекул. Дефекты в образовании СГ могут нарушить клеточную адаптацию к стрессу и, таким образом, способствовать клеточной гибели. SG и подобные РНК-содержащие гранулы были связаны с рядом заболеваний человека, включая нейродегенеративные расстройства и рак, что привело к недавнему интересу к классификации и определению подтипов РНК-гранул. Этот протокол описывает анализы для характеристики и количественной оценки SG млекопитающих.

Очаги, вызванные стрессом, необязательно являются SG. SGs классифицируются как цитоплазматические фокусы, которые содержат мРНК, факторы инициации трансляции и РНК-связывающие белки и находятся в равновесии с активным переносом. Вышеприведенный протокол может использ...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Methods to Classify Cytoplasmic Foci as Mammalian Stress Granules at JoVE.com

Methods to Classify Cytoplasmic Foci as Mammalian Stress Granules

Гранулы напряжения (SG) представляют собой неембранные цитоплазматические структуры, которые образуются в клетках, подверженных различным стрессам. SGs содержат мРНК, РНК-связывающие белки, небольшие рибосомальные субъединицы, факторы, связанные с трансляцией, и различные клеточные сигнальные белки. Этот протокол описывает рабочий процесс, который использует несколько экспериментальных подходов для обнаружения, характеристики и количественной оценки добросовестных SG.

Методы классификации цитоплазматических фокусов в качестве гранул стресса млекопитающих

Cells are often challenged by sudden environmental changes. Stress Granules (SGs), cytoplasmic ribonucleoprotein complexes that form in cells exposed to ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Biology

Trypsinizing and Subculturing Mammalian Cells

Trypsinizing и субкультивирования клетках млекопитающих

As cells reach confluency, they must be subcultured or passaged. Failure to subculture confluent cells results in reduced mitotic index and eventually in ...

Quantification of &gamma;H2AX Foci in Response to Ionising Radiation

Quantification of ÃƒÅ½Ã‚Â³H2AX Foci in Response to Ionising Radiation

Количественная оценка γH2AX Очаги в ответ на ионизирующего излучения

DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs), which are induced by either endogenous metabolic processes or by exogenous sources, are one of the most critical DNA ...

Quantitation of &gamma;H2AX Foci in Tissue Samples

Quantitation of ÃƒÅ½Ã‚Â³H2AX Foci in Tissue Samples

Количественная оценка γH2AX Очаги в образцах тканей

DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) are particularly lethal and genotoxic lesions, that can arise either by endogenous (physiological or pathological) ...

Activation of Apoptosis by Cytoplasmic Microinjection of Cytochrome c

Activation of Apoptosis by Cytoplasmic Microinjection of Cytochrome c

Активация апоптоза Цитоплазматическая Микроинъекция цитохрома С</em

Apoptosis, or programmed cell death, is a conserved and highly regulated pathway by which cells die1.  Apoptosis can be triggered when cells encounter a ...

Visualizing Cytoplasmic Flow During Single-cell Wound Healing in Stentor coeruleus

Visualizing Cytoplasmic Flow During Single-cell Wound Healing in Stentor coeruleus

Although wound-healing is often addressed at the level of whole tissues, in many cases individual cells are able to heal wounds within themselves, ...

Visualization of G3BP Stress Granules Dynamics in Live Primary Cells

Визуализация G3BP стресс Гранулы Dynamics в живых первичных клеток

SGs can be visualized in cells by immunostaining of specific protein components or polyA+ mRNAs. SGs are highly dynamic and the study of their assembly ...

Stimulation of Cytoplasmic DNA Sensing Pathways In Vitro and In Vivo

Stimulation of Cytoplasmic DNA Sensing Pathways In Vitro and In Vivo

Стимуляция цитоплазматической ДНК зондирования Пути<em&gt; In Vitro</em&gt; И<em&gt; В Vivo</em

In order to efficiently stimulate an innate immune response, DNA must be of sufficient length and purity. We present a method where double stranded DNA ...

Methods to Assess Subcellular Compartments of Muscle in C. elegans

Methods to Assess Subcellular Compartments of Muscle in C. elegans

Методы оценки субклеточных отсеков Muscle в<em&gt; С. Элеганс</em

Muscle is a dynamic tissue that responds to changes in nutrition, exercise, and disease state. The loss of muscle mass and function with disease and age ...

Comet Assay as an Indirect Measure of Systemic Oxidative Stress

Комет в качестве косвенного измерения системных окислительного стресса

Higher eukaryotic organisms cannot live without oxygen; yet, paradoxically, oxygen can be harmful to them. The oxygen molecule is chemically relatively ...

Xenopus laevis Egg Extract Preparation and Live Imaging Methods for Visualizing Dynamic Cytoplasmic Organization

Xenopus laevis Egg Extract Preparation and Live Imaging Methods for Visualizing Dynamic Cytoplasmic Organization

Xenopus laevis Подготовка экстракта яйцеклеток и методы визуализации в реальном времени для визуализации динамической цитоплазматической организации

Traditionally used for bulk biochemical assays, Xenopus laevis egg extracts have emerged as a powerful imaging-based tool for studying cytoplasmic ...