Name: comparing the effects of electronic cigarette vapor and cigarette smoke in a novel in vivo exposure system
Uploaded: 2017-05-24T15:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Comparing the Effects of Electronic Cigarette Vapor and Cigarette Smoke in a Novel In Vivo Exposure System at JoVE.com

这项研究是通过主动脉研究基金（密歇根大学）给Eliason博士做出的。作者还要感谢密歇根大学工厂运营标志和图形部的Nick Scott，协助设计和组装卷烟照明设备。

以下协议是在密歇根大学体育动物护理和使用委员会（IACUC）的指导和批准下进行的。 电子烟气室组装注意：使用过程中，整个室应放置在通风橱中。这里的室被安置在温度控制和过滤的实验室环境中。调查员可以选择监测系统的这些方面，以确保房间空气质量的一致性。作为选择，用金属笼盖覆盖显示器可以防止啮齿动物篡改，同时允许监视器对室内环?...

<ol>
	<li>Schoenborn, C. A., Gindi, R. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Electronic+Cigarette+Use+Among+Adults:+United+States,+2014+Key+findings.">Electronic Cigarette Use Among Adults: United States, 2014 Key findings.</a> NCHS. , (2014).</li><li>Singh, T. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Tobacco+Use+Among+Middle+and+High+School+Students+-+United+States,+2011-2015.">Tobacco Use Among Middle and High School Students - United States, 2011-2015.</a> MMWR. 65 (14), 361-367 (2016).</li><li>Flora, J. W. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Characterization+of+potential+impurities+and+degradation+products+in+electronic+cigarette+formulations+and+aerosols.">Characterization of potential impurities and degradation products in electronic cigarette formulations and aerosols.</a> Regul. Toxicol. Pharmacol: RTP. 74, 1-11 (2016).</li><li>Tierney, P. A., Karpinski, C. D., Brown, J. E., Luo, W., Pankow, J. F. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Flavour+chemicals+in+electronic+cigarette+fluids.">Flavour chemicals in electronic cigarette fluids.</a> Tob. Control. , (2015).</li><li>Sleiman, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Emissions+from+Electronic+Cigarettes:+Key+Parameters+Affecting+the+Release+of+Harmful+Chemicals.">Emissions from Electronic Cigarettes: Key Parameters Affecting the Release of Harmful Chemicals.</a> Environ. Sci. Technol. 50 (17), 9644-9651 (2016).</li><li>Hwang, J. H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Electronic+cigarette+inhalation+alters+innate+immunity+and+airway+cytokines+while+increasing+the+virulence+of+colonizing+bacteria.">Electronic cigarette inhalation alters innate immunity and airway cytokines while increasing the virulence of colonizing bacteria.</a> Int J Mol Med (Berlin, Germany). 94 (6), 667-679 (2016).</li><li>Cheng, T. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Chemical+evaluation+of+electronic+cigarettes.">Chemical evaluation of electronic cigarettes.</a> Tob Control. 23, 11-18 (2014).</li><li>Etter, J. -. F. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+longitudinal+study+of+cotinine+in+long-term+daily+users+of+e-cigarettes.">A longitudinal study of cotinine in long-term daily users of e-cigarettes.</a> Drug Alcohol Depend. 160, 218-221 (2016).</li><li>Etter, J. -. F. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Levels+of+saliva+cotinine+in+electronic+cigarette+users.">Levels of saliva cotinine in electronic cigarette users.</a> Addiction. 109 (5), 825-829 (2014).</li><li>Marsot, A., Simon, N. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Nicotine+and+Cotinine+Levels+With+Electronic+Cigarette:+A+Review.">Nicotine and Cotinine Levels With Electronic Cigarette: A Review.</a> Int. J. Toxicol. 35 (2), 179-185 (2016).</li><li>Flouris, A. D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Acute+impact+of+active+and+passive+electronic+cigarette+smoking+on+serum+cotinine+and+lung+function.">Acute impact of active and passive electronic cigarette smoking on serum cotinine and lung function.</a> Inhal. Toxicol. 25 (2), 91-101 (2013).</li><li>Bot, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Plasma+cotinine+levels+in+cigarette+smokers:+impact+of+mental+health+and+other+correlates.">Plasma cotinine levels in cigarette smokers: impact of mental health and other correlates.</a> Eur Addict Res. 20 (4), 183-191 (2014).</li><li>Zhu, S. -. H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Four+hundred+and+sixty+brands+of+e-cigarettes+and+counting:+implications+for+product+regulation.">Four hundred and sixty brands of e-cigarettes and counting: implications for product regulation.</a> Tob. Control. 23, 3-9 (2014).</li></ol>

在这里，我们描述了一种建立以受控方式将啮齿动物暴露于电子烟和香烟烟雾的室的方法（ 图6 ）。与商业曝光系统14,15,16相比，电子烟雾室的构造相对简单和便宜。建立房间所需的部件和工具可从商业供应商在线获得。类似地，除了必须制造的香烟照明装置之外，构建香烟烟雾室是相对简单的（参见用于计划的补充材料 ）。 一旦房间被构造，暴露?...

自从2004年进入美国市场以来，电子香烟（电子香烟）已经扩大到十亿美元的行业，据估计有近900万成年人经常使用它们1 。在2014年和2015年，更多的高中生使用电子香烟比传统香烟2 。越来越多的电子烟用户已经开展了一项研究工作，以评估其潜在的不利健康影响。 电子香烟通过加热通常含有水，聚乙二醇或植物甘油，尼古丁和调味剂3,4的混合物的粘稠溶液产生蒸汽（称为“E蒸气”）。已经表明，电子蒸气含有几种有害化合物，包括活性氧物质（ROS），尼古丁，各种醛和多环芳烃5 ，6。许多这些化合物在吸入之前的E液体的蒸发过程中形成7 。值得注意的是，这些有害化合物中的几种也存在于香烟烟雾中，引起人们关注的是，电子烟使用可能具有类似的不良健康后果7 。 对电子香烟的健康影响几乎没有共识。为了解决这个问题，已经开发了几种电子蒸气暴露的动物模型（ 表1 ）。这些模型采用各种方法，如全身电子蒸气暴露和机械通气。虽然目前的模型已经提供了有见地的数据，但很少能够在同一曝光系统中直接比较香烟烟雾（ 表1 ）。此外，虽然几项人类研究显示，电子烟用户和吸烟者的血清可替宁水平在30-200ng / mL之间，但许多型号的电子蒸气和香烟烟雾暴露量下降这个范围是8，9，10，11，12。 在这里，我们提出一种比较香烟烟雾和体内电子蒸气暴露的影响的方法 ，产生与人类研究相似的血清可替宁水平。

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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:348px;">blu PLUS Rechargeable Kit</td>
			<td style="width:219px;">blu eCigs</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">N/A</td>
			<td style="width:107px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">1R6F Reference Cigarettes</td>
			<td>Center for Tob Ref&#160; Prod UK</td>
			<td>N/A</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Lexan Anesthesia Chamber 20 L</td>
			<td>Jorgensen Laboratories</td>
			<td>JOR265</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Arduino UNO</td>
			<td>Arduino</td>
			<td>2877</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Diode Rectifier - 1A 50V</td>
			<td>Spark Fun</td>
			<td>COM-08589</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Resistor 10K Ohm 1/6th Watt PTH - 20 pack</td>
			<td>Spark Fun</td>
			<td>COM-11508</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Electrolytic Decoupling Capacitors - 100uF/25V</td>
			<td>Spark Fun</td>
			<td>COM-00096</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Solderless Plug-in BreadBoard&#160;</td>
			<td>BusBoard Prototype Systems</td>
			<td>BB400</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Alligator-Clip Wires</td>
			<td>BusBoard Prototype Systems</td>
			<td>CA-M-20</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">ZipWire</td>
			<td>BusBoard Prototype Systems</td>
			<td>ZW-MM-10</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Standard Fan 80 ST2</td>
			<td>Cooler Master</td>
			<td>R4-S8R-20AK-GP</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">ARIC 4&#34; adjustable vent</td>
			<td>Bestlouver</td>
			<td>N/A</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">ToxiPro&#160; Carbon Monoxide Monitor</td>
			<td>Honeywell Analytics</td>
			<td>54-00-10316</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">ToxiPro Oxygen Monitor</td>
			<td>Honeywell Analytics</td>
			<td>54-45-90-VD</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">ToxiPro IQ Express Docking Station</td>
			<td>Honeywell/Sperian Biosystems&#160;</td>
			<td>54-46-9100</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Command Wall Hook Small Wire 6-Pack</td>
			<td>3M</td>
			<td>N/A</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Micro Water/Air Pump</td>
			<td>Xiamen Conjoin Electronics</td>
			<td>CJWP40-A12A1</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">1/4&#34; Silicon Tubing</td>
			<td>NewAge</td>
			<td>2801470-100</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">T Connector</td>
			<td>Bel-Art Scienceware</td>
			<td>F196060000</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Plastic Whole Blood tube with spray-coated K2EDTA</td>
			<td>Becton, Dickinson and Company</td>
			<td>367841</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Cotinine ELISA kit</td>
			<td>Calbiotech</td>
			<td>CO096D</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

comparing the effects of electronic cigarette vapor and cigarette smoke in a novel in vivo exposure system

<html>电子香烟（电子烟 ）正在被广泛使用，并越来越受欢迎。据估计有超过900万成年人经常使用它们。电子烟雾（E-vapor）暴露潜在的不良健康影响定义不明确。虽然已经开发了几种动物模型的电子 蒸气暴露，但很少有模型将啮齿动物暴露于临床相关量的尼古丁，并在同一暴露系统内直接与香烟烟雾进行比较。在这里，我们提出了一个构建和操作E 蒸气室和香烟烟雾室的方法。这些室是通过装备有麻醉室的计算机控制的泵送系统构成的，其输送一定量的E尼古丁暴露量通过量化前后暴露后的血清可替宁水平进行间接测量，该暴露系统可以修改以适应各种类型的电子 烟和烟草香烟，并且可以用于比较电子 烟和香烟烟雾在体内的影响 。

一氧化碳和氧气监测在电子蒸气暴露过程中，氧浓度不低于20％，CO浓度在整个曝光期间仍然不可检测。香烟烟雾暴露期间的气体监测仪表明，氧气浓度保持在20％以上。一氧化碳浓度不超过1,000ppm（ 图4 ）。 <img alt="图4" src="/files/ftp_upload/55672/55672fig4.jpg" /> 图4：...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Comparing the Effects of Electronic Cigarette Vapor and Cigarette Smoke in a Novel In Vivo Exposure System at JoVE.com

Comparing the Effects of Electronic Cigarette Vapor and Cigarette Smoke in a Novel In Vivo Exposure System

该协议描述了将啮齿动物暴露于电子烟蒸气（E蒸汽）和香烟烟雾的方法。通过用自动泵送系统修改麻醉室来构建暴露室，其将电子蒸气或香烟烟雾传递给啮齿动物。该系统可以轻松修改，以适应许多实验端点。

比较电子烟和烟雾在小说中的影响<em&gt;体内</em&gt;曝光系统

Electronic cigarettes (E-cigarettes) are being widely used, and growing in popularity. It is estimated that more than 9 million adults use them regularly. ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Medicine

Comparing the Effects of Electronic Cigarette Vapor and Cigarette Smoke in a Novel In Vivo Exposure System

Making Sense of Listening: The IMAP Test Battery

听力：IMAP测试电池的决策意识

The ability to hear is only the first step towards making sense of the range of information contained in an auditory signal. Of equal importance are the ...

科研

医学

Isolation of Mouse Respiratory Epithelial Cells and Exposure to Experimental Cigarette Smoke at Air Liquid Interface

小鼠呼吸道上皮细胞和实验香烟烟雾暴露在空气分离液界面

Pulmonary epithelial cells can be isolated from the respiratory tract of mice and cultured at air-liquid interface (ALI) as a model of differentiated ...

A Strategy to Identify de Novo Mutations in Common Disorders such as Autism and Schizophrenia

一项战略，以确定在常见的疾病，如自闭症和精神分裂症的新突变

There are several lines of evidence supporting the role of de novo mutations as a mechanism for common disorders, such as autism and schizophrenia. First, ...

Assessing Teratogenic Changes in a Zebrafish Model of Fetal Alcohol Exposure

在斑马鱼模型的胎儿酒精暴露评估致畸的变化

Fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) is a severe manifestation of embryonic exposure to ethanol. It presents with characteristic defects to the face and organs, ...

Use of Animal Model of Sepsis to Evaluate Novel Herbal Therapies

脓毒症动物模型，用于评估新型草药疗法

Sepsis refers to a systemic inflammatory response syndrome resulting from a microbial infection. It has been routinely simulated in animals by several ...

Intraoperative Detection of Subtle Endometriosis: A Novel Paradigm for Detection and Treatment of Pelvic Pain Associated with the Loss of Peritoneal Integrity

术中的微妙的子宫内膜异位症的检测：A新型范式为相关联的与的的腹膜的完整性之亏损盆腔疼痛的的的的检测和治疗的

Endometriosis is a  common disease affecting 40 to 70% of reproductive-aged women with chronic  pelvic pain (CPP) and/or infertility. The purpose of this ...

A Novel in vivo Gene Transfer Technique and in vitro Cell Based Assays for the Study of Bone Loss in Musculoskeletal Disorders

A Novel in vivo Gene Transfer Technique and in vitro Cell Based Assays for the Study of Bone Loss in Musculoskeletal Disorders

一种新型的<em&gt;在体内</em&gt;基因转移技术和<em&gt;在体外</em&gt;细胞分析为肌肉骨骼疾病骨质流失的研究

Differentiation and activation of osteoclasts play a key role in the development of musculoskeletal diseases as these cells are primarily involved in bone ...

Carotid Artery Infusions for Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Analysis of Taxanes in Mice

颈动脉输液的紫杉烷类化合物在小鼠体内的药代动力学和药效学分析

When proposing the use of a drug, drug combination, or drug delivery into a novel system, one must assess the pharmacokinetics of the drug in the study ...

Automated Measurement of Pulmonary Emphysema and Small Airway Remodeling in Cigarette Smoke-exposed Mice

肺气肿，小气道重塑的香烟烟雾暴露小鼠自动测量

COPD is projected to be the third most common cause of mortality world-wide by 2020(1).  Animal models of COPD are used to identify molecules that ...

Intrauterine Telemetry to Measure Mouse Contractile Pressure In Vivo

Intrauterine Telemetry to Measure Mouse Contractile Pressure In Vivo

宫内遥测来衡量鼠标收缩压力<em&gt;在体内</em

A complex integration of molecular and electrical signals is needed to transform a quiescent uterus into a contractile organ at the end of pregnancy. ...