Name: analysis of the c-kit ligand promoter using chromatin immunoprecipitation
Uploaded: 2017-06-27T15:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Analysis of the c-KIT Ligand Promoter Using Chromatin Immunoprecipitation at JoVE.com

Dette arbejde blev støttet af University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX (startfonde, BB).

1. Fremstilling af opløsninger <ol><li> Forbered de følgende løsninger frisk for hvert forsøg. <ol><li> Til fixeringsopløsningen fremstilles 37% formaldehyd og opbevares ved RT. Fortynd det i 1x phosphatbufferet saltvand (PBS) til en slutkoncentration på 1,42%. FORSIGTIG: Formaldehyd klassificeres som irriterende, ætsende, mutagent, teratogent og kræftfremkaldende. Må ikke indtages. Undgå indånding af gas / dampe / damp / spray. Ved utilstrækkelig ventilation skal d...

<ol>
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J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Isolating+human+transcription+factor+targets+by+coupling+chromatin+immunoprecipitation+and+CpG+island+microarray+analysis.">Isolating human transcription factor targets by coupling chromatin immunoprecipitation and CpG island microarray analysis.</a> GenesDev. 16 (2), 235-244 (2002).</li><li>Massague, J., Seoane, J., Wotton, D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Smad+transcription+factors.">Smad transcription factors.</a> Genes Dev. 19 (23), 2783-2810 (2005).</li><li>Rojas, A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+Positive+TGF-beta/c-KIT+Feedback+Loop+Drives+Tumor+Progression+in+Advanced+Primary+Liver+Cancer.">A Positive TGF-beta/c-KIT Feedback Loop Drives Tumor Progression in Advanced Primary Liver Cancer.</a> Neoplasia. 18 (6), 371-386 (2016).</li><li>Sambrook, J., Russell, D. 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I denne rapport demonstrerer vi den TGF-β1-inducerede binding af SMAD2 til en SBE inden for c-KIT ligandpromotoren og TGF-β1-induceret binding af STAT3 til dets genkendelsessekvens inden for TGF-β1-ligandgenet. Vi demonstrerer cytokin-induceret binding af begge transkriptionsfaktorer ved anvendelse af chromatinimmunpræcipitation. Kromatinimmunudfældning er et kraftfuldt værktøj til at demonstrere direkte binding af et protein af interesse for DNA, for at karakterisere de stimuli, som ...

I kernen af ​​eukaryoter interagerer DNA med histonproteiner og nonhistone proteiner og kondenseres til chromatin. I den fysiologiske, patofysiologiske og cellebiologiske kontekst kontrolleres cellefunktioner rumligt og midlertidigt af kromatinkoordineret genekspression. DNA-proteininteraktioner har en væsentlig rolle i reguleringen af ​​cellulære processer, såsom DNA-replikation, rekombination og reparation samt proteinekspression. Derfor er analysen af ​​DNA-protein-interaktioner et uundværligt redskab i evalueringen af ​​genekspression og cellefunktion. Der findes adskillige teknikker til vurdering af DNA-proteininteraktioner in vitro , såsom Electrophoresis (gel) Mobility Shift Assay (EMSA) og DNase I footprinting 1 , 2 . Imidlertid analyserer disse teknikker ikke protein-DNA-interaktionen inden for kromatin og cellulær kontekst. ChIP iEn teknik, der fanger proteiner bundet til deres specifikke DNA-bindingssteder og derved letter identifikationen af ​​DNA-proteininteraktioner inden for kromatinkonteksten. Teknikken blev oprindeligt udviklet af Gimour og Lis til vurdering af RNA-polymerase II-binding til specifikke gener i Escherichia coli og Drosophila melanogaster 3 , 4 . Det gøres ved fiksering af DNA-protein-komplekserne efterfulgt af udførelse af chromatinekstraktion og afskæring af DNA&#39;et i ~ 200 basispar (bp) fragmenter. Derefter isoleres det DNA-bundet protein af interesse ved immunpræcipitation. Efter reversering af DNA-protein-tværbindingen renses DNA&#39;et og analyseres. Flere fremgangsmåder kan anvendes til analysen af ​​proteinbindingsstederne og afhænger af proteinbindingsstedets nukleinsyresekvens i målgenet 5 . I tilfælde hvor DNA-sekvensen er kendt, er standard PolYmerase Chain Reactions (PCR) kan påføres ved anvendelse af specifikke primerpar, der flankerer det kendte bindingssted. Kvantitativ real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) kan også anvendes 6 . I tilfælde, hvor sekvensen er ukendt, kan ChIP kombineres med DNA-mikroarrays (ChIP-on-chip), DNA-sekventering (ChIP-seq) eller kloningsteknikker 7 , 8 , 9 . TGF-β-banen har kraftige tumorundertrykkende funktioner og er en nøglevej i celledifferentiering. Det aktiveres gennem binding af TGF-β1 liganden til dets kognitive receptor-kompleks, hvilket resulterer i serin-phosphorylering af SMAD2 / 3 transkriptionsfaktorer. Efter deres tilknytning til den fælles mediator, SMAD4, translateres SMAD-komplekset til kernen og binder til SBE inden for promoterregionen af ​​målgenene, hvor det regulerer gener, der styrer cellecyklussen, apoptosen og celledifferentienpå. Det transkriptionelle respons på TGF-p-stimulering er celletype- og konteksspecifikke 10 . For nylig beskrev vi en positiv tilbagekoblingssløjfe mellem TGF-β og c-KIT-vejen 11 . I denne model binder TGF-β1-aktiveret SMAD2 til c-KIT ligandpromotoren og inducerer dens ekspression og sekretion. Efterfølgende aktiverer c-KIT-liganden c-KIT-receptoren på en auto- og para-krinisk måde. C-KIT receptoraktivering resulterer i STAT3 Tyr 705- phosphorylering via JAK1 / 2. Efter STAT3-aktivering og nukleær translokation binder STAT3 til TGF-P1 ligandgenet og regulerer dets ekspression. Her demonstrerer vi den væsentlige rolle, som ChIP-analyse til identifikation af SMAD2-binding til c-KIT-receptorligandpromotoren og til identifikation af signaltransducer (og) aktivatoren (af) transkription 3 (STAT3-binding til TGF-β1- gen).

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="907">
	<colgroup>
		<col />
		<col />
		<col />
		<col />
	</colgroup>
	<tbody>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:256px;">HepG2 cells</td>
			<td style="width:193px;">ATCC</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">HB-8065</td>
			<td style="width:339px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:256px;">Hep3B cells</td>
			<td style="width:193px;">ATCC</td>
			<td>HB-8064</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:256px;">TGF-&#946;1</td>
			<td>R&#38;D Systems</td>
			<td>101-B1</td>
			<td>Used at a concentration of 10 ng/ml</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:256px;">Anti-SMAD2 antibody</td>
			<td style="width:193px;">Cell Signalling Technology</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">5339</td>
			<td>Amount used per IP: 3 &#181;g</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:256px;">Anti-STAT3 antibody</td>
			<td style="width:193px;">Cell Signalling Technology</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">4904</td>
			<td>Amount used per IP: 3 &#181;g</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:256px;">ChIP-IT Protein G Magnetic Beads</td>
			<td style="width:193px;">Active Motif</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">53033</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:256px;">Protease Inhibitor Cocktail</td>
			<td style="width:193px;">Active Motif</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">37490</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:256px;">Micrococcal Nuclease</td>
			<td style="width:193px;">Cell Signalling Technology</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">10011</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:256px;">PCR forward primer: PAI-1</td>
			<td style="width:193px;"></td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td>Sequence: 5&#8217;-GGAAGAGGATAAAGGACAAGCTG-3&#8217;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:256px;">PCR reverse primer: PAI-1</td>
			<td style="width:193px;"></td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td>Sequence: 5&#8217;-TGCAGCCAGCCACGTGATTGTC-3&#8217;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:256px;">PCR forward primer: SCF</td>
			<td style="width:193px;"></td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td>Sequence: 5&#8217;-CACTGATGTTAATGTTCAGC-3&#8217;&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:256px;">PCR reverse primer: SCF</td>
			<td style="width:193px;"></td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td>Sequence: 5&#8217;-GCTCTAATTTAAACCTGGAGC-3&#8217;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="39">
			<td height="39" style="height:39px;width:256px;">PCR forward primer: TGF-&#946;1 (STB-1)</td>
			<td style="width:193px;"></td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td>Sequence: 5&#8217;-GAGAGAGACGTGAGTGGCATGTT-3&#8217;&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="39">
			<td height="39" style="height:39px;width:256px;">PCR reverse primer: TGF-&#946;1 (STB-1)</td>
			<td style="width:193px;"></td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td>Sequence: 5&#8217;-TAGCTTTCTCTGCCTTGGTCTCCCC-3&#8217;&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="39">
			<td height="39" style="height:39px;width:256px;">PCR forward primer: TGF-&#946;1 (STB-2)</td>
			<td style="width:193px;"></td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td>Sequence: 5&#8217;-GTACTGGGGGAGGAGCGGCATC-3&#8217;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="39">
			<td height="39" style="height:39px;width:256px;">PCR reverse primer: TGF-&#946;1 (STB-2)</td>
			<td style="width:193px;"></td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td>Sequence: 5&#8217;-TGCCACTGTCTGGAGAGAGGTGTGTC-3&#8217;&#160;&#160;</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

analysis of the c-kit ligand promoter using chromatin immunoprecipitation

Flere cellulære processer, herunder DNA-replikation og reparation, DNA-rekombination og genekspression, kræver interaktioner mellem proteiner og DNA. Derfor regulerer DNA-proteininteraktioner multiple fysiologiske, patofysiologiske og biologiske funktioner, såsom celledifferentiering, celleproliferation, cellecyklusstyring, kromosomstabilitet, epigenetisk genregulering og celletransformation. I eukaryote celler interagerer DNA&#39;et med histon- og nonhistonproteiner og kondenseres til chromatin. Flere tekniske værktøjer kan bruges til at analysere DNA-proteininteraktioner, såsom Electrophoresis (gel) Mobility Shift Assay (EMSA) og DNase I-fodsporing. Disse teknikker analyserer imidlertid protein-DNA-interaktionen in vitro , ikke inden for den cellulære kontekst. Kromatinimmunpræcipitation (ChIP) er en teknik, der fanger proteiner på deres specifikke DNA-bindingssteder, hvorved der muliggøres identifikation af DNA-proteininteraktionS inden for deres kromatin-kontekst. Det gøres ved fiksering af DNA-proteininteraktionen efterfulgt af immunpræcipitation af proteinet af interesse. Derefter karakteriseres det genomiske sted, som proteinet var bundet til. Her beskriver og diskuterer vi ChIP og demonstrerer dets analytiske værdi til identifikation af transformationsvækstfaktor-p (TGF-β) -induceret binding af transkriptionsfaktoren SMAD2 til SMAD-bindingselementer (SBE) inden for promotorregionen af ​​tyrosin- Proteinkinase Kit (c-KIT) receptorligand stamcellefaktor (SCF).

Bindingen af ​​TGF-β1-liganden til dens kognitive receptorkompleks resulterer i serinphosphoryleringen af ​​SMAD2 / 3-transkriptionsfaktorer efterfulgt af deres association med den fælles mediator, SMAD4. SMAD-komplekset translokeres til kernen. TGF-β kan regulere gentranskription enten direkte via SMAD-binding til SBE&#39;er inden for regulatoriske regioner af målgenene eller indirekte gennem den SMAD-regulerede ekspression af transkriptionelle aktivatorer eller repressorer,...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Analysis of the c-KIT Ligand Promoter Using Chromatin Immunoprecipitation at JoVE.com

Analysis of the c-KIT Ligand Promoter Using Chromatin Immunoprecipitation

DNA-proteininteraktioner er essentielle for flere biologiske processer. Under evalueringen af ​​cellulære funktioner er analysen af ​​DNA-proteininteraktioner uundværlig for forståelse af genregulering. Kromatinimmunudfældning (ChIP) er et kraftfuldt værktøj til at analysere sådanne interaktioner in vivo.

Analyse af c-KIT ligand-promotoren ved anvendelse af chromatinimmunpræcipitation

Multiple cellular processes, including DNA replication and repair, DNA recombination, and gene expression, require interactions between proteins and DNA. ...

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