Name: induction of hypoxia in living frog and zebrafish embryos
Uploaded: 2017-06-26T14:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Induction of Hypoxia in Living Frog and Zebrafish Embryos at JoVE.com

这项工作得到了维康信托SIA奖100329 / Z / 12 / Z至WAH的支持和授予香港的DFG奖学金KH 376 / 1-1的支持

该协议遵循剑桥大学的动物护理指南。 动物维护<ol><li> 青蛙胚胎 注意：可以根据动物和实验室设施养殖和维护胚胎。这里描述动物维护的例子。 <ol><li>制备0.1x修饰的Barth溶液（MBS）溶液：0.88mM NaCl，10μMKCl，24μMNaHCO 3，100μMHEPES，8.2μMMgSO 4，3.3μMCa（NO 3 ） 2和4.1μMCaCl 2 ，pH 7.6 。 </li><li>通过体外受精获得非洲爪蟾胚胎。 <ol><li>在产卵前...

<ol>
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L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Transcriptional+regulation+of+genes+encoding+glycolytic+enzymes+by+hypoxia-inducible+factor+1.">Transcriptional regulation of genes encoding glycolytic enzymes by hypoxia-inducible factor 1.</a> J Biol Chem. 269 (38), 23757-23763 (1994).</li><li>Yuan, Y., Hilliard, G., Ferguson, T., Millhorn, D. E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Cobalt+inhibits+the+interaction+between+hypoxia-inducible+factor-alpha+and+von+Hippel-Lindau+protein+by+direct+binding+to+hypoxia-inducible+factor-alpha.">Cobalt inhibits the interaction between hypoxia-inducible factor-alpha and von Hippel-Lindau protein by direct binding to hypoxia-inducible factor-alpha.</a> J Biol Chem. 278 (18), 15911-15916 (2003).</li><li>Elks, P., Renshaw, S. A., Meijer, A. H., Walmsley, S. R., van Eeden, F. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Exploring+the+HIFs,+buts+and+maybes+of+hypoxia+signalling+in+disease:+lessons+from+zebrafish+models.">Exploring the HIFs, buts and maybes of hypoxia signalling in disease: lessons from zebrafish models.</a> Disease Models &amp; Mechanisms. 8, 1349-1360 (2015).</li><li>Guo, M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Hypoxia-mimetic+agents+desferrioxamine+and+cobalt+chloride+induce+leukemic+cell+apoptosis+through+different+hypoxia-inducible+factor-1alpha+independent+mechanisms.">Hypoxia-mimetic agents desferrioxamine and cobalt chloride induce leukemic cell apoptosis through different hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha independent mechanisms.</a> Apoptosis. 11 (1), 67-77 (2006).</li><li>Woods, I. G., Imam, F. B. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Transcriptome+analysis+of+severe+hypoxic+stress+during+development+in+zebrafish.">Transcriptome analysis of severe hypoxic stress during development in zebrafish.</a> Genom Data. 6, 83-88 (2015).</li><li>Rouhi, P., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Hypoxia-induced+metastasis+model+in+embryonic+zebrafish.">Hypoxia-induced metastasis model in embryonic zebrafish.</a> Nat Protoc. 5 (12), 1911-1918 (2010).</li><li>Stevenson, T. J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Hypoxia+disruption+of+vertebrate+CAN+pathfinding+through+EphrinB2+is+rescued+by+magnesium.">Hypoxia disruption of vertebrate CAN pathfinding through EphrinB2 is rescued by magnesium.</a> PLoS Genet. 8 (4), e1002638 (2012).</li><li>Khaliullina, H., Love, N. K., Harris, W. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Nutrient-Deprived+Retinal+Progenitors+Proliferate+in+Response+to+Hypoxia:+Interaction+of+the+HIF-1+and+mTOR+Pathway.">Nutrient-Deprived Retinal Progenitors Proliferate in Response to Hypoxia: Interaction of the HIF-1 and mTOR Pathway.</a> J Dev Biol. 4 (2), (2016).</li><li>Nieuwkoop, P. D., Faber, J., Nieuwkoop, D. P., Faber, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=.">.</a> Normal Table of Xenopus laevis (Daudin). , (1994).</li><li>Kimmel, C. B., Ballard, W. W., Kimmel, S. R., Ullmann, B., Schilling, T. F. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Stages+of+embryonic+development+of+the+zebrafish.">Stages of embryonic development of the zebrafish.</a> Dev Dyn. 203 (3), 253-310 (1995).</li><li>Kohn, D. F., Wixson, S. K., White, W. J., Benson, G. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=.">.</a> Anesthesia and Analgesia in Laboratory Animals. , (1997).</li><li>McDonough, M. 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在这里，我们提出了一种简单而强大的新方法来诱导缺氧，可用于青蛙和斑马鱼胚胎，但也适用于其他水生生物。这种方法的主要优点在于其简单性和成本效益。然而，用这种方法实现的结果是非常强大的。我们已经表明，在整个胚胎以及特定组织（这里是视网膜）中，室内都可以有效诱导缺氧。为了确定缺氧诱导的有效性，我们监测了全胚胎和视网膜裂解物中HIF-1α蛋白的水平。根据我们的结果...

缺氧研究有很多应用。这些包括调查发病机理和开发治疗缺氧1和急性高原病2症状的医疗状况。低氧应激导致需要氧气的所有生物体中的主要代谢变化。低氧应激也影响胎儿生长发育及几种人类疾病的发病机制，包括子宫内生长受限3 。低氧应激不仅可以导致出生体重，胎儿和新生儿死亡率降低，而且还可能导致成人生活中的许多并发症，如心血管疾病，2型糖尿病，肥胖症和高血压4 。当实体肿瘤发展期间，当肿瘤组织超过其血液供应时，也经常观察到低氧应激。因此，能够在体内和直接研究缺氧的作用至关重要<html> yonic发展。 用于研究发育过程中缺氧影响的最为众所周知的方法是在生长培养基中使用氯化钴或在低氧室中孵育生物体。氯化钴在正常氧浓度下人工诱导缺氧反应，由于其通过防止其蛋白质降解5,6,7而在低氧诱导因子-1α（HIF-1α）的稳定中起作用。然而，作为方便的方法8 ，使用氯化钴以及其它类似的化学缺氧模拟物可能对细胞和组织具有非特异性有害的作用， 例如细胞凋亡9 。因此，缺氧室是通过正常发育过程诱导活体中“天然缺氧”的更好方法。 我们专注于开发一种诱导水生动物胚胎缺氧的系统，青蛙和斑马鱼现在已经成为信息丰富的脊椎动物模型生物，用于许多生物过程的研究，以及各种人类疾病的模型青蛙和斑马鱼胚胎另外，快速发展的过程使得可以实时地操纵环境因素并观察器官形成的表型变化，此外，主要信号转导途径的许多成分被高度保守这些模型生物体已经被大量文献详细描述，使用青蛙和斑马鱼胚胎研究缺氧对脊椎动物发育的影响的主要优点是可以直接监测所有过程，因为氧气很快穿透胚胎。因此，在青蛙和斑马鱼中，与其他模型生物体相反小鼠胚胎，可以在感兴趣的组织中研究特定氧浓度的影响，而不考虑功能性脉管系统的存在或缺乏。 用于缺氧孵育的大多数商业可用的装置具有相当大的并具有相应高的运行成本的缺点。除了高起始成本和气体消耗之外，普通缺氧室的平衡和维持需要维持恒定的低氧气氛，抵抗由于其较大尺寸和/或生物呼吸而自然发生在这些腔室中的气体梯度。这需要使用气体风扇和冷却系统，这增加了额外的必要设备的数量，阻碍了研究人员的灵巧性和整体降低了实验程序的简单性。相比之下，我们在这里提出的设置是相当强大的，但是非常具有成本效益，小巧，易于建立并允许f天然气平衡，稳定的低氧气氛和室内材料和溶液的简单交换。我们的系统可以用于任何感兴趣的水生模型生物体。 我们构建了一个方便小的缺氧室，因此可以放置在普通的实验室培养箱内，这样可以容易地在任何特定的温度下进行实验。提供方便的温度控制以及介质中的氧浓度，我们的系统针对市售的缺氧培养箱的优势在于其小型化和成本效益。因此，我们的设置可以使用可用于大多数研究实验室的一般实验室用品来建立，并且不需要任何昂贵的材料。此外，我们的设置不会产生热量，不同于市售的缺氧培养箱，并允许在低于室温的温度下使用放置在培养箱中。拉st对于与冷血生物（如青蛙和鱼）的工作特别重要，其中发育和代谢速率依赖于温度。 我们的气体孵化室非常具有成本效益，易于构建，但是在建立各种缺氧或高氧条件方面是非常通用的，并且能够为广泛的实验条件快速方便地管理不同的介质和解决方案。此外，我们的系统使用24孔板代替常用的餐具或实验室罐10,11,12 ，可以一次观察和实验几种突变条件。 为了控制正常的缺氧诱导，我们通过蛋白质印迹检测监测了HIF-1α蛋白的水平。此外，孵化前后的增殖细胞数量可以使用缺氧室中的n来确定组织中是否已经诱导了缺氧。该方法基于我们先前发表的结果13 ，显示胚胎视网膜干细胞生态位的增殖在诱导缺氧时减少。因此，我们通过向胚胎培养基中加入5-乙炔基-2&#39;-脱氧尿苷（EdU）并测量其结合到新增殖细胞的DNA中，来监测视网膜干细胞增殖水平。

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="573">
	<tbody>
		<tr height="64">
			<td height="64" style="height:64px;width:216px;">Sodium chloride</td>
			<td style="width:71px;">Sigma</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">S7653</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">NaCl / 0.1X MBS, Embryo medium, 10X TBST</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="43">
			<td height="43" style="height:43px;width:216px;">Potassium chloride</td>
			<td style="width:71px;">Sigma</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">P9333</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">KCl / 0.1X MBS, Embryo mediu,</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="26">
			<td height="26" style="height:26px;width:216px;">Sodium bicarbonate</td>
			<td style="width:71px;">Sigma</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">S5761</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">NaHCO3 / 0.1X MBS</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="22">
			<td height="22" style="height:22px;width:216px;">HEPES</td>
			<td style="width:71px;">Sigma</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">H3375</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">0.1X MBS</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="47">
			<td height="47" style="height:47px;width:216px;">Magnesium sulfate</td>
			<td style="width:71px;">Sigma</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">M7506</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">MgSO4 / 0.1X MBS, Embryo medium</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="26">
			<td height="26" style="height:26px;width:216px;">Calcium nitrate</td>
			<td style="width:71px;">Sigma</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">202967</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">Ca (NO3)2 / 0.1X MBS</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="47">
			<td height="47" style="height:47px;width:216px;">Calcium chloride</td>
			<td style="width:71px;">Sigma</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">C1016</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">CaCl2 / 0.1X MBS, Embryo medium</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="22">
			<td height="22" style="height:22px;width:216px;">Methylene blue</td>
			<td style="width:71px;">Sigma</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">M9140</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">Embryo medium</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="43">
			<td height="43" style="height:43px;width:216px;">Pregnant mare serum gonadotropin</td>
			<td style="width:71px;">Sigma</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">CG10</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">frog fertilization</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="43">
			<td height="43" style="height:43px;width:216px;">Zebrafish breeding tank</td>
			<td style="width:71px;">Carolina</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">161937</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">gas chamber construction</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="64">
			<td height="64" style="height:64px;width:216px;">24-well plate</td>
			<td style="width:71px;">Thermo Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">142475</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">Nunclon Delta Surface, for gas chamber construction</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="64">
			<td height="64" style="height:64px;width:216px;">Epoxy resin</td>
			<td style="width:71px;">RS Components UK</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">Kit 199-1468</td>
			<td style="width:167px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="64">
			<td height="64" style="height:64px;width:216px;">Gas distributor valve</td>
			<td style="width:71px;">WPI Luer Valves</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">Kit 14011</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">aquatic tank attachment (Schema 1, H)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="43">
			<td height="43" style="height:43px;width:216px;">High precision gas valve</td>
			<td style="width:71px;">BOC&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">200 bar HiQ C106X/2B</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">gas tank attachment (Schema 1, I)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="47">
			<td height="47" style="height:47px;width:216px;">5% oxygen and 95% N2 gas tank</td>
			<td style="width:71px;">BOC</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">226686-L</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">hypoxic gas mixture</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="85">
			<td height="85" style="height:85px;width:216px;">ceramic disc diffuser</td>
			<td style="width:71px;">CO2 Art&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">Glass CO2 Nano Aquarium Diffuser, DG005DG005</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">Schema 1, J</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="85">
			<td height="85" style="height:85px;width:216px;">silicone grease</td>
			<td style="width:71px;">Scientific Laboratory Supplies</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">VAC1100</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">Schema 1, K</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="43">
			<td height="43" style="height:43px;width:216px;">oxymeter</td>
			<td style="width:71px;">Oxford Optronix&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">Oxylite, CP/022/001</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">hypoxic chamber setup</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="43">
			<td height="43" style="height:43px;width:216px;">fibre-optic dissolved oxygen sensor</td>
			<td style="width:71px;">Oxford Optronix</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">HL_BF/OT/E</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">hypoxic chamber setup</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="22">
			<td height="22" style="height:22px;width:216px;">plastic pasteur pipette</td>
			<td style="width:71px;">Sterilin</td>
			<td>STS3855604D</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">for embryo transfer</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="43">
			<td height="43" style="height:43px;width:216px;">MS222&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:71px;">Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">E10521-50G</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">embryo anesthetic</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="22">
			<td height="22" style="height:22px;width:216px;">RIPA buffer&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:71px;">Sigma</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">R0278-50ML</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">tissue homogenization</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="22">
			<td height="22" style="height:22px;width:216px;">Protease inhibitor</td>
			<td style="width:71px;">Sigma</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">P8340</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">tissue homogenization</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="43">
			<td height="43" style="height:43px;width:216px;">Tris</td>
			<td style="width:71px;">Sigma</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">77-86-1</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">4X Laemmli loading buffer, 10X TBST</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="43">
			<td height="43" style="height:43px;width:216px;">Glycerol</td>
			<td style="width:71px;">Sigma</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">G5516</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">4X Laemmli loading buffer</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="64">
			<td height="64" style="height:64px;width:216px;">Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate</td>
			<td style="width:71px;">Sigma</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">L3771</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">SDS, 4X Laemmli loading buffer, 5X Running buffer</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="43">
			<td height="43" style="height:43px;width:216px;">beta-Mercaptoethanol&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:71px;">Sigma</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">M6250</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">4X Laemmli loading buffer</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="43">
			<td height="43" style="height:43px;width:216px;">Bromophenol Blue</td>
			<td style="width:71px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">B0126</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">4X Laemmli loading buffer</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="43">
			<td height="43" style="height:43px;width:216px;">Trizma base&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:71px;">Sigma</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">77-86-1</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">5X Running buffer, Transfer buffer</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="43">
			<td height="43" style="height:43px;width:216px;">Glycine</td>
			<td style="width:71px;">Sigma</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">G8898</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">5X Running buffer, Transfer buffer</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="22">
			<td height="22" style="height:22px;width:216px;">Methanol</td>
			<td style="width:71px;">Sigma</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">34860</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">Transfer buffer</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="22">
			<td height="22" style="height:22px;width:216px;">Tween 20</td>
			<td style="width:71px;">Sigma</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">P2287-500ML</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">10X TBST</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="22">
			<td height="22" style="height:22px;width:216px;">skim milk powder</td>
			<td style="width:71px;">Sigma</td>
			<td>70166</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">Blocking Solution</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="43">
			<td height="43" style="height:43px;width:216px;">Eppendorf microcentrifuge tube</td>
			<td style="width:71px;">Sigma</td>
			<td>T9661</td>
			<td style="width:167px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="85">
			<td height="85" style="height:85px;width:216px;">tissue homogenizer</td>
			<td style="width:71px;">Pellet Pestle Motor Kontes</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">Z359971</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">tissue homogenization</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="22">
			<td height="22" style="height:22px;width:216px;">pellet pestles</td>
			<td style="width:71px;">Sigma</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">Z359947-100EA</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">tissue homogenization</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="40" style="height:40px;width:216px;">precast 12% gel</td>
			<td rowspan="2" style="width:71px;">Biorad</td>
			<td rowspan="2" style="width:119px;">Mini-ProteinTGX, 456-1043</td>
			<td rowspan="2" style="width:167px;">Western Blot</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="40" style="height:40px;width:216px;">protein ladder</td>
			<td rowspan="2" style="width:71px;">Amersham</td>
			<td rowspan="2" style="width:119px;">Full-Range Rainbow ladder, RPN800E</td>
			<td rowspan="2" style="width:167px;">Western Blot</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="43">
			<td height="43" style="height:43px;width:216px;">nitrocellulose membrane (0.45 &#181;m)</td>
			<td style="width:71px;">Biorad</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">162-0115</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">Western Blot</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="22">
			<td height="22" style="height:22px;width:216px;">anti-HIF-1&#945; antibody</td>
			<td style="width:71px;">Abcam</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">ab2185</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">Western Blot</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="22">
			<td height="22" style="height:22px;width:216px;">anti-&#945;-tubulin antibody</td>
			<td style="width:71px;">Sigma</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">T6074</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">Western Blot</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="22">
			<td height="22" style="height:22px;width:216px;">goat anti-rabbit antibody</td>
			<td style="width:71px;">Abcam</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">ab6789</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">Western Blot</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="22">
			<td height="22" style="height:22px;width:216px;">goat anti-mouse antibody</td>
			<td style="width:71px;">Abcam</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">ab97080</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">Western Blot</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="43">
			<td height="43" style="height:43px;width:216px;">Pierce ECL 2 reagent&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:71px;">Thermo Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">80196</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">Western Blot</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="106">
			<td height="106" style="height:106px;width:216px;">ECL films Hyperfilm</td>
			<td style="width:71px;">GE Healthcare Amersham</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">28906837</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">Western Blot</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="43">
			<td height="43" style="height:43px;width:216px;">5-Ethynyl-2&#8242;-deoxyuridine &#160;</td>
			<td style="width:71px;">santa cruz</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">CAS&#160;61135-33-9</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">EdU, EdU incorporation</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="22">
			<td height="22" style="height:22px;width:216px;">Phosphate-buffered Saline</td>
			<td style="width:71px;">Oxoid</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">BR0014G</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">1X PBS</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="43">
			<td height="43" style="height:43px;width:216px;">Formaldehyde</td>
			<td style="width:71px;">Thermo Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">28908</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">Fixation solution</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="22">
			<td height="22" style="height:22px;width:216px;">Sucrose</td>
			<td style="width:71px;">Fluka</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">S/8600/60</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">Solution solution</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="22">
			<td height="22" style="height:22px;width:216px;">Triton X-100</td>
			<td style="width:71px;">Sigma</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">T9284-500ML</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">PBST</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="43">
			<td height="43" style="height:43px;width:216px;">Heat-inactivated Goat Serum</td>
			<td style="width:71px;">Sigma</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">G6767-100ml</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">HIGS, Blocking solution (EdU incorporation)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="64">
			<td height="64" style="height:64px;width:216px;">4&#39;,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:71px;">ThermoFisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">D1306</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">DAPI, EdU incorporation</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="43">
			<td height="43" style="height:43px;width:216px;">Dimethyl sulfoxide</td>
			<td style="width:71px;">Molecular Probes</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">C10338</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">DMSO, EdU incorporation</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="43">
			<td height="43" style="height:43px;width:216px;">glass vial</td>
			<td style="width:71px;">VWR</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">98178853</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">EdU incorporation analysis</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="64">
			<td height="64" style="height:64px;width:216px;">Tissue-Plus optimal cutting temperature compound&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:71px;">Scigen</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">4563</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">embedding medium, EdU incorporation analysis</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="43">
			<td height="43" style="height:43px;width:216px;">cryostat Jung Fridgocut 2800E</td>
			<td style="width:71px;">Leica&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">CM3035S</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">EdU incorporation analysis</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="43">
			<td height="43" style="height:43px;width:216px;">microscope slides Super-Frost plus Menzel glass</td>
			<td style="width:71px;">Thermo Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">J1800AMNZ</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">EdU incorporation analysis</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="43">
			<td height="43" style="height:43px;width:216px;">EdU Click-iT chemistry kit</td>
			<td style="width:71px;">Molecular Probes</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">C10338</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">EdU incorporation analysis</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="43">
			<td height="43" style="height:43px;width:216px;">FluorSave</td>
			<td style="width:71px;">Calbiochem</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">D00170200</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">mounting medium, EdU incorporation analysis</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="43">
			<td height="43" style="height:43px;width:216px;">coverslips</td>
			<td style="width:71px;">VWR</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">ECN631-1575</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">EdU incorporation analysis</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="43">
			<td height="43" style="height:43px;width:216px;">fluorescent microscope</td>
			<td style="width:71px;">Nikon</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">Eclipse 80i</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">EdU incorporation analysis</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="43">
			<td height="43" style="height:43px;width:216px;">confocal scanning microscope</td>
			<td style="width:71px;">Olympus</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">Fluoview FV1000</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">EdU incorporation analysis</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="43">
			<td height="43" style="height:43px;width:216px;">Volocity software</td>
			<td style="width:71px;">PerkinElmer</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">Volocity 6.3</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">EdU incorporation analysis</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

induction of hypoxia in living frog and zebrafish embryos

在这里，我们介绍一种低氧诱导的新系统，我们开发了研究缺氧在水生生物如青蛙和斑马鱼胚胎中的作用。我们的系统包括一个具有简单设置的室，在任何选择的实验溶液中都能很好地诱导和保持特定的氧气浓度和温度。所提出的系统非常具有成本效益，但功能非常高，它允许诱导和维持缺氧，用于体内直接实验和多达48小时的不同时间段。 为了监测和研究缺氧的影响，我们采用了两种方法 - 在全胚胎或特异性组织中测量缺氧诱导因子1α（HIF-1α）的水平，并通过5-乙炔基-2&#39;-位测定视网膜干细胞增殖，脱氧尿苷（EdU）并入DNA。 HIF-1α水平可作为整个胚胎或组织中的一般缺氧标记的选择，这里是胚胎视网膜。 EdU掺入胚胎视网膜的增殖细胞是缺氧诱导的特异性输出。因此，我们已经表明，缺氧胚胎视网膜祖细胞在青蛙和斑马鱼胚胎的5％氧气下孵育1小时内减少增殖。 一旦掌握，我们的设置可以用于小型水生模型生物体，用于直接体内实验，任何给定的时间段以及在正常的低氧或高氧氧浓度下或在任何其他给定的气体混合物下。

使用我们在这里提供的缺氧室系统允许研究单独和体内的缺氧对整个动物的影响。可以通过将整个青蛙或斑马鱼胚胎放置在缺氧室（ 图1 ）中来诱导缺氧，并在不同的条件组合下进行。我们完成的气室设置的图像如图2所示。我们使用光纤氧传感器（2.1.9）在实验期间的不同时间点监测培养基中的氧浓度。这些数据表明，?...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Induction of Hypoxia in Living Frog and Zebrafish Embryos at JoVE.com

Induction of Hypoxia in Living Frog and Zebrafish Embryos

我们引进了一种新颖的低氧室系统，用于水生生物，如青蛙和斑马鱼胚胎。我们的系统简单，健壮，经济实惠，可以在体内诱导和维持缺氧，长达48小时。我们提供2种可重复的方法来监测缺氧的有效性。

诱导生活青蛙和斑马鱼胚胎缺氧

Here, we introduce a novel system for hypoxia induction, which we developed to study the effects of hypoxia in aquatic organisms such as frog and ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Developmental Biology

Measuring Protein Stability in Living Zebrafish Embryos Using Fluorescence Decay After Photoconversion (FDAP)

Measuring Protein Stability in Living Zebrafish Embryos Using Fluorescence Decay After Photoconversion FDAP

测量生活中的斑马鱼胚胎蛋白质稳定性使用荧光衰减光转化后（FDAP）

Protein stability influences many aspects of biology, and measuring the clearance kinetics of proteins can provide important insights into biological ...

科研

发育生物学

Mechanical Vessel Injury in Zebrafish Embryos

在斑马鱼胚胎的机械血管损伤

Zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos have proven to be a powerful model for studying a variety of developmental and disease processes.  External development ...

Imaging Subcellular Structures in the Living Zebrafish Embryo

在活斑马鱼胚胎成像的亚细胞结构

In vivo imaging provides unprecedented access to the dynamic behavior of cellular and subcellular structures in their natural context. Performing such ...

Isolation and Characterization of Single Cells from Zebrafish Embryos

分离和斑马鱼胚胎单细胞的表征

The zebrafish (Danio rerio) is a powerful model organism to study vertebrate development. Though many aspects of zebrafish embryonic development have been ...

Affinity Labeling Detection of Endogenous Receptors from Zebrafish Embryos

从斑马鱼胚胎内源性受体亲和标记检测

By combining the powers of Affinity Labeling and Immunoprecipitation (AFLIP), a technique for the detection of low abundance receptors in zebrafish ...

Biosensing Motor Neuron Membrane Potential in Live Zebrafish Embryos

生物传感运动神经元膜电位在活斑马鱼胚胎

The protocols described here are designed to allow researchers to study cell communication without altering the integrity of the environment in which the ...

Light Sheet-based Fluorescence Microscopy of Living or Fixed and Stained Tribolium castaneum Embryos

Light Sheet-based Fluorescence Microscopy of Living or Fixed and Stained Tribolium castaneum Embryos

光片为主的生活的荧光显微镜或固定和染色<em&gt;赤拟谷盗</em&gt;胚胎

The red flour beetle Tribolium castaneum has become an important insect model organism in developmental genetics and evolutionary developmental biology. ...

Single-cell Photoconversion in Living Intact Zebrafish

活完好斑马鱼的单细胞 Photoconversion

Animal and plant tissue is composed of distinct populations of cells. These cells interact over time to build and maintain the tissue and can cause ...

Visualization of Cellular Electrical Activity in Zebrafish Early Embryos and Tumors

斑马鱼早期胚胎和肿瘤细胞电活动的可视化研究

Bioelectricity, endogenous electrical signaling mediated by ion channels and pumps located on the cell membrane, plays important roles in signaling ...

Whole Mount Immunohistochemistry in Zebrafish Embryos and Larvae

斑马鱼胚胎和幼虫的整个山免疫性化学

Immunohistochemistry is a widely used technique to explore protein expression and localization during both normal developmental and disease states. ...