Name: using gold-standard gait analysis methods to assess experience effects on lower-limb mechanics during moderate high-heeled jogging and running
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Denne studien er sponset av National Natural Science Foundation of China (81301600), K. C. Wong Magna fondet i Ningbo University, National Social Science Foundation i Kina (16BTY085), Zhejiang samfunnsvitenskapelig programmet "Zhi Jiang ungdom prosjektet" (16ZJQN021YB ), Loctek ergonomisk teknologi Corp og Anta idrett produkter Limited.

denne studien har blitt godkjent av menneskelig etikk komiteen av Ningbo universitetet (ARGH20150356). Alle fag ga sitt samtykke for inkludering i studien, og de ble informert av mål, krav og eksperimentelle prosedyrer for studien.
 1. gangart laboratorium forberedelse <ol><li>bytte av noen glødende lys og la et rimelig lysstoffrør nivå i laboratoriet. Fjerne alle markører og uønskede objekter refleksjon som kan feiltolkes som passiv retro-reflekterende markører fra fangst volumet.</...

<ol>
	<li>Barkema, D. D., Derrick, T. R., Martin, P. E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Heel+height+affects+lower+extremity+frontal+plane+joint+moments+during+walking.">Heel height affects lower extremity frontal plane joint moments during walking.</a> Gait Posture. 35 (3), 483-488 (2012).</li><li>Hong, W. H., Lee, Y. H., Chen, H. C., Pei, Y. C., Wu, C. Y. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Influence+of+heel+height+and+shoe+insert+on+comfort+perception+and+biomechanical+performance+of+young+female+adults+during+walking.">Influence of heel height and shoe insert on comfort perception and biomechanical performance of young female adults during walking.</a> Foot Ankle Int. 26 (12), 1042-1048 (2005).</li><li>Baker, R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Gait+analysis+methods+in+rehabilitation.">Gait analysis methods in rehabilitation.</a> J Neuroeng Rehabil. 3 (1), (2006).</li><li>Galna, B., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Accuracy+of+the+Microsoft+Kinect+sensor+for+measuring+movement+in+people+with+Parkinson's+disease.">Accuracy of the Microsoft Kinect sensor for measuring movement in people with Parkinson's disease.</a> Gait Posture. 39 (4), 1062-1068 (2014).</li><li>Esenyel, M., Walsh, K., Walden, J. 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L., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Lower+extremity+biomechanics+and+self-reported+foot-strike+patterns+among+runners+in+traditional+and+minimalist+shoes.">Lower extremity biomechanics and self-reported foot-strike patterns among runners in traditional and minimalist shoes.</a> J Athl Train. 50 (6), 603-611 (2015).</li><li>Chien, H. L., Lu, T. W., Liu, M. W. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Effects+of+long-term+wearing+of+high-heeled+shoes+on+the+control+of+the+body's+center+of+mass+motion+in+relation+to+the+center+of+pressure+during+walking.">Effects of long-term wearing of high-heeled shoes on the control of the body's center of mass motion in relation to the center of pressure during walking.</a> Gait Posture. 39 (4), 1045-1050 (2014).</li><li>Chien, H. L., Lu, T. W., Liu, M. W., Hong, S. W., Kuo, C. C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Kinematic+and+Kinetic+Adaptations+in+the+Lower+Extremities+of+Experienced+Wearers+during+High-Heeled+Gait.">Kinematic and Kinetic Adaptations in the Lower Extremities of Experienced Wearers during High-Heeled Gait.</a> BME. 26 (3), 1450042 (2014).</li><li>Novacheck, T. F. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+biomechanics+of+running.">The biomechanics of running.</a> Gait Posture. 7 (1), 77-95 (1998).</li><li>Powell, D. W., Williams, D. B., Windsor, B., Butler, R. J., Zhang, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Ankle+work+and+dynamic+joint+stiffness+in+high-compared+to+low-arched+athletes+during+a+barefoot+running+task.">Ankle work and dynamic joint stiffness in high-compared to low-arched athletes during a barefoot running task.</a> Hum Mov Sci. 34, 147-156 (2014).</li><li>Robbins, S. E., Gouw, G. J., Hanna, A. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Running-related+injury+prevention+through+innate+impact-moderating+behavior.">Running-related injury prevention through innate impact-moderating behavior.</a> Med Sci Sports Exerc. 21 (2), 130-139 (1989).</li><li>Simonsen, E. 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En mangel i de fleste studier som analyserer høyhælte gangart biomekanikk ignorerer mulig betydningen av erfaring iført høye hæler12. Denne studien delt fag i grupper av regelmessig og sporadiske langsynthet å undersøke effekten av høyhælte sko seg erfaring på nedre lem kinematikk og GRF under moderat høyhælte jogging og løping.
EW og IEW viste sammenlignbar jogging/kjører hastigheter. Sammenlignet med EW, vedtatt IEW en høyere skritt-frekvens og en korte...

Høy hæl design har alltid vært en av de populære funksjonene fra kvinners fottøy. Tvinge ankelen i en passiv plantar bøyes tilstand, endre høyhælte sko betydelig gangavstand kinematikk og kinetics. Til tross for rapporterte bivirkninger på bevegelsesapparatet1, sosiale og mote oppfordrer skikker fortsatt bruk av høyhælte sko2.
Optisk sporingssystemer, for øyeblikket brukes i fleste gait analyse laboratorier for både klinisk og forskning, gir nøyaktig og pålitelig måling av 3D lavere lem felles bevegelser3. Denne teknologien gir en "gold standard" for gangart analyse4. Konsekvente resultater basert på teknikken har avdekket at høyere hælen høyder føre til større kneet strekking og ankel inversjon sammenlignet med flate sko5,6,7. GRF er en annen brukte parameter i gait analyse. Skifte av GRF mot mediale forfoten, redusert GRF under midt holdning, økt loddrett GRF hæl-strike, og økt peak anterior-posterior GRF har også blitt observert i høyhælte gangavstand1,6, 7 , 8.
Tidligere studier referert ovenfor bruker basert på nivå gåing. I moderne samfunn, kjører bussen darting over en travel gate og flott å fange den siste tog push flere og flere kvinner å bruke høyere hastigheter nå og da. Det er begrenset studier om lavere lem biomekanikk under høyhælte jogging og løping. Gu et al. bemerket at felles motion rekke kneet bortføring-Adduktion og hip strekking forlengelse økte betydelig som hæl høyden økt under jogging9. Begrensning av denne studien er at de bare tok vanlig høy hæl wearers. Hyppig bruk av høyhælte sko kan potensielt indusere strukturelle tilpasninger i nedre lem muskler. Zöllner et al. opprettet en multiscale beregningsmodell avsløre at muskelen er å gradvis justere ny funksjonell lengden på grunn av bruk av høye hæler etter et kronisk tap av sarcomeres i serien10. Dokumentasjon viser også at Kinematisk Overnattingssteder i gangart forårsaket av høyhælte sko varierer mellom erfarne og uerfarne wearers11. Data samlet inn fra både erfarne og uerfarne fag kan maskere statistiske resultater12. Det er viktig å utforske om biomekaniske endringene er tilsvarende åpenbare uerfarne og erfarne brukere.
Formålet med denne studien var å undersøke forskjellene i nedre lem kinematikk og loddrett GRF mellom erfarne wearers (EW) og uerfarne brukere (IEW) under moderat høyhælte jogging og løping. Var hypotesen at EW ville vise raskere selv foretrukket for jogging og løping hastigheter, mindre felles motion og større loddrett GRF under jogging og løping.

<table border="1" fo:keep-together.within-page="1" fo:keep-with-next.within-page="always">
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>Motion Tracking Cameras</td>
			<td>Oxford Metrics Ltd., Oxford, UK</td>
			<td>MX cameras</td>
			<td>n= 8</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Vicon Nexus&#160;</td>
			<td>Oxford Metrics Ltd., Oxford, UK</td>
			<td>Version 1.4.116</td>
			<td>Proprietary tracking software (PlugInGait template)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Dongle</td>
			<td>Oxford Metrics Ltd., Oxford, UK</td>
			<td>-</td>
			<td>-</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>MX Ultranet HD</td>
			<td>Oxford Metrics Ltd., Oxford, UK</td>
			<td>-</td>
			<td>-</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Vicon Datastation ADC&#160;</td>
			<td>Oxford Metrics Ltd., Oxford, UK</td>
			<td>-</td>
			<td>External ADC</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Passive Retro-reflective Marker</td>
			<td>Oxford Metrics Ltd., Oxford, UK</td>
			<td>-</td>
			<td>n=16; Diametre=14 mm&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Force Platform Amplifier</td>
			<td>Kistler, Switzerland</td>
			<td>5165A</td>
			<td>n=1</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Force Platform</td>
			<td>Kistler, Switzerland</td>
			<td>9287C</td>
			<td>n=1</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>T-Frame</td>
			<td>Oxford Metrics Ltd., Oxford, UK</td>
			<td>-</td>
			<td>-</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Double Adhesive Tape</td>
			<td>Oxford Metrics Ltd., Oxford, UK</td>
			<td>-</td>
			<td>For fixing markers to skin</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>moderate high-heeled shoe</td>
			<td>Daphne, Hong Kong</td>
			<td>13085015</td>
			<td>Heel height: 4.5cm; Size:37EURO</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Microsoft Excel&#160;</td>
			<td>Microsoft Corporation, United States</td>
			<td>Version 2010</td>
			<td>For low pass filtering data and calculations; Add-in:Butterworth.xla</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Origin&#160;</td>
			<td>OriginLab Corporation, United States</td>
			<td>Version 9.0</td>
			<td>Plot GRF-time curve</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Stata&#160;</td>
			<td>Stata Corp, College station, TX</td>
			<td>Version 12.0</td>
			<td>Statistical analysis</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

using gold-standard gait analysis methods to assess experience effects on lower-limb mechanics during moderate high-heeled jogging and running

Et begrenset antall studier har utforsket lavere lem biomekanikk høyhælte jogging og løping, og de fleste studier har ikke avklare iført opplevelsen av fag. Denne protokollen beskriver forskjellene i nedre lem kinematikk og bakken reaksjonsstyrke (GRF) mellom erfarne wearers (EW) og uerfarne brukere (IEW) under moderat høyhælte jogging og løping. En tredimensjonal (3D) bevegelse analysesystem med en konfigurert force plattform ble brukt til å fange synkront lavere lem felles bevegelser og GRF. 36 unge kvinner frivillig å delta i denne studien, og ble spurt om høyhælte sko-wearing opplevelse, inkludert frekvens, varighet, hæl typer og hælen høyder. Elleve som hadde opplevelsen av 3-6 cm hæler i minst tre dager per uke (6 h per dag i minst to år) og elleve som hadde høye hæler mindre enn to ganger per måned deltok. Fag utført jogging og løping på behagelige lave og høye hastigheter, med høyre foten henholdsvis helt stepping på en force plattform når passerer langs en 10 m gangvei. EW og IEW vedtatt forskjellige biomekaniske tilpasninger mens jogging og løping. IEW viste et generelt større spekter av felles bevegelse, mens EW viste en dramatisk større lasting hastighet på GRF under kjøring. Derfor skal videre studier på nedre lem biomekanikk av høyhælte gangart strengt kontrollere iført opplevelsen av fagene.

Alle resultatene presenteres her som gjennomsnittlig ± standardavviket. Det å kjøre fart var betydelig større enn jogge hastighet, uansett iført erfaring (EW: jogge vs Run: 2,50 ± 0.14 vs 3.05 ± 0.14, p = 0.010; IEW: Jogge vs Run: 2.24 ± 0.26 vs 2.84 ± 0.29, p = 0.028; i m/s) (tabell 1). Ingen signifikant forskjell i de tilsvarende jogging/kjører hastighetene mellom EW og IEW ble funnet. Generelt skrittlengde...

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Using Gold-standard Gait Analysis Methods to Assess Experience Effects on Lower-limb Mechanics During Moderate High-heeled Jogging and Running

Denne studien undersøkt lavere lem kinematikk og bakken reaksjonsstyrke (GRF) under moderat høyhælte jogging og løping. Fag var delt inn i grupper av erfarne brukere og uerfarne wearers. En tredimensjonal bevegelse analysesystem med en konfigurert force plattform fanget lavere lem felles bevegelser og GRF.

Bruke gull-standard gangart analyse metoder for å vurdere erfaring effekter på nedre lem mekanikk under moderat høyhælte Jogging og løping

A limited number of studies have explored lower-limb biomechanics during high-heeled jogging and running, and most studies have failed to clarify the ...

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