Name: ovine lumbar intervertebral disc degeneration model utilizing a lateral retroperitoneal drill bit injury
Uploaded: 2017-05-25T15:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Ovine Lumbar Intervertebral Disc Degeneration Model Utilizing a Lateral Retroperitoneal Drill Bit Injury at JoVE.com

Dr. Chris Daly er modtageren af ​​Stiftelsen for Kirurgi Richard Jepson Research Scholarship. Forfatterne vil gerne takke Dr. Anne Gibbon, Dr. Dong Zhang og personalet hos Monash Animal Services, Monash University for deres hjælp til dyrkirurgi og pleje.

Protokollen beskrevet i dette manuskript følger dyresundhedsretningslinjerne for Monash University Animal Ethics. Dyreetik godkendelse af denne protokol er blevet ydet af Monash University Animal Ethics. Etik godkendelsesnummer: MMCA / 2014/55 1. Fårforberedelse BEMÆRK: Moderne mellem to og fire år blev brugt. <ol><li> Hurtigt får i 18 timer før anæstesi. Giv dyr adgang til vand indtil 6-12 timer før operationen 19 . </li><li> Se...

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	<li>Hoy, D., March, L., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+global+burden+of+low+back+pain:+estimates+from+the+Global+Burden+of+Disease+2010+study.">The global burden of low back pain: estimates from the Global Burden of Disease 2010 study.</a> Ann Rheum Dis. 73 (6), 968-974 (2014).</li><li>Luoma, K., Riihim&#228;ki, H., Luukkonen, R., Raininko, R., Viikari-Juntura, E., Lammine, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Low+back+pain+in+relation+to+lumbar+disc+degeneration.">Low back pain in relation to lumbar disc degeneration.</a> Spine. 25 (4), 487-492 (2000).</li><li>Daly, C., Ghosh, P., Jenkin, G., Oehme, D., Goldschlager, T. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+Review+of+Animal+Models+of+Intervertebral+Disc+Degeneration:+Pathophysiology,+Regeneration,+and+Translation+to+the+Clinic.">A Review of Animal Models of Intervertebral Disc Degeneration: Pathophysiology, Regeneration, and Translation to the Clinic.</a> BioMed Res Int. 2016 (3), 5952165 (2016).</li><li>Sahlman, J., Inkinen, R., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Premature+vertebral+endplate+ossification+and+mild+disc+degeneration+in+mice+after+inactivation+of+one+allele+belonging+to+the+Col2a1+gene+for+Type+II+collagen.">Premature vertebral endplate ossification and mild disc degeneration in mice after inactivation of one allele belonging to the Col2a1 gene for Type II collagen.</a> Spine. 26 (23), 2558-2565 (2001).</li><li>Melrose, J., Taylor, T., Ghosh, P., Holbert, C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Intervertebral+disc+reconstitution+after+chemonucleolysis+with+chymopapain+is+dependent+on+dosage:+An+experimental+study+in+beagle+dogs.">Intervertebral disc reconstitution after chemonucleolysis with chymopapain is dependent on dosage: An experimental study in beagle dogs.</a> Spine. 21 (1), (1996).</li><li>Oehme, D., Goldschlager, T., Shimon, S., Wu, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Radiological,+Morphological,+Histological+and+Biochemical+Changes+of+Lumbar+Discs+in+an+Animal+Model+of+Disc+Degeneration+Suitable+for+Evaluating+the+potential+regenerative+capacity+of+novel+biological+agents.">Radiological, Morphological, Histological and Biochemical Changes of Lumbar Discs in an Animal Model of Disc Degeneration Suitable for Evaluating the potential regenerative capacity of novel biological agents.</a> J Tiss Sci Eng. , (2015).</li><li>Platenberg, R. C., Hubbard, G. B., Ehler, W. J., Hixson, C. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Spontaneous+disc+degeneration+in+the+baboon+model:+magnetic+resonance+imaging+and+histopathologic+correlation.">Spontaneous disc degeneration in the baboon model: magnetic resonance imaging and histopathologic correlation.</a> J Med Primatol. 30 (5), 268-272 (2001).</li><li>Iatridis, J. C., Mente, P. L., Stokes, I. A. F., Aronsson, D. D., Alini, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Compression-Induced+Changes+in+Intervertebral+Disc+Properties+in+a+Rat+Tail+Model.">Compression-Induced Changes in Intervertebral Disc Properties in a Rat Tail Model.</a> Spine. 24 (10), 996 (1999).</li><li>Silberberg, R., Aufdermaur, M., Adler, J. H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Degeneration+of+the+intervertebral+disks+and+spondylosis+in+aging+sand+rats.">Degeneration of the intervertebral disks and spondylosis in aging sand rats.</a> Arch Pathol Lab Med. 103 (5), 231-235 (1979).</li><li>Alini, M., Eisenstein, S. M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Are+animal+models+useful+for+studying+human+disc+disorders/degeneration.">Are animal models useful for studying human disc disorders/degeneration.</a> Eur Spine J. 17 (1), 2-19 (2007).</li><li>Lauerman, W. C., Platenberg, R. C., Cain, J. E., Deeney, V. F. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Age-related+disk+degeneration:+preliminary+report+of+a+naturally+occurring+baboon+model.">Age-related disk degeneration: preliminary report of a naturally occurring baboon model.</a> J Spinal Disord. 5 (2), 170-174 (1992).</li><li>Platenberg, R. C., Hubbard, G. B., Ehler, W. J., Hixson, C. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Spontaneous+disc+degeneration+in+the+baboon+model:+magnetic+resonance+imaging+and+histopathologic+correlation.">Spontaneous disc degeneration in the baboon model: magnetic resonance imaging and histopathologic correlation.</a> J Med Primatol. 30 (5), 268-272 (2001).</li><li>Nuckley, D. J., Kramer, P. A., Del Rosario, ., Fabro, A., Baran, N., S, R. P., Ching, <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Intervertebral+disc+degeneration+in+a+naturally+occurring+primate+model:+radiographic+and+biomechanical+evidence.">Intervertebral disc degeneration in a naturally occurring primate model: radiographic and biomechanical evidence.</a> J Orthop Res. 26 (9), 1283-1288 (2008).</li><li>Wilke, H. J., Kettler, A., Claes, L. E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Are+sheep+spines+a+valid+biomechanical+model+for+human+spines.">Are sheep spines a valid biomechanical model for human spines.</a> Spine. 22 (20), 2365-2374 (1997).</li><li>Sheng, S. -. R., Wang, X. -. Y., Xu, H. -. Z., Zhu, G. -. Q., Zhou, Y. -. F. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Anatomy+of+large+animal+spines+and+its+comparison+to+the+human+spine:+a+systematic+review.">Anatomy of large animal spines and its comparison to the human spine: a systematic review.</a> Eur Spine J. 19 (1), 46-56 (2010).</li><li>Oehme, D., Goldschlager, T., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Lateral+surgical+approach+to+lumbar+intervertebral+discs+in+an+ovine+model.">Lateral surgical approach to lumbar intervertebral discs in an ovine model.</a> Scientific World J. 2012 (8), 873726 (2012).</li><li>Youssef, J. A., McAfee, P. C., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Minimally+invasive+surgery:+lateral+approach+interbody+fusion:+results+and+review.">Minimally invasive surgery: lateral approach interbody fusion: results and review.</a> Spine. 35 (Suppl 26), S302-S311 (2010).</li><li>Zhang, Y., Drapeau, S., An, H. S., Markova, D., Lenart, B. A., Anderson, D. G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Histological+features+of+the+degenerating+intervertebral+disc+in+a+goat+disc-injury+model.">Histological features of the degenerating intervertebral disc in a goat disc-injury model.</a> Spine. 36 (19), 1519-1527 (2011).</li><li>White, K., Taylor, P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Anaesthesia+in+sheep.">Anaesthesia in sheep.</a> In Practice. 22 (3), 126-135 (2000).</li><li>Kandziora, F., Pflugmacher, R., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Comparison+between+sheep+and+human+cervical+spines:+an+anatomic,+radiographic,+bone+mineral+density,+and+biomechanical+study.">Comparison between sheep and human cervical spines: an anatomic, radiographic, bone mineral density, and biomechanical study.</a> Spine. 26 (9), 1028-1037 (2001).</li><li>Oehme, D., Ghosh, P., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Mesenchymal+progenitor+cells+combined+with+pentosan+polysulfate+mediating+disc+regeneration+at+the+time+of+microdiscectomy:+a+preliminary+study+in+an+ovine+model.">Mesenchymal progenitor cells combined with pentosan polysulfate mediating disc regeneration at the time of microdiscectomy: a preliminary study in an ovine model.</a> J Neurosurg Spine. 20 (6), 657-669 (2014).</li><li>Hunter, C. J., Matyas, J. R., Duncan, N. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Cytomorphology+of+notochordal+and+chondrocytic+cells+from+the+nucleus+pulposus:+a+species+comparison.">Cytomorphology of notochordal and chondrocytic cells from the nucleus pulposus: a species comparison.</a> J Anat. 205 (5), 357-362 (2004).</li><li>Hoogendoorn, R. J., Helder, M. N., Smit, T. H., Wuisman, P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Notochordal+cells+in+mature+caprine+intervertebral+discs.">Notochordal cells in mature caprine intervertebral discs.</a> Eur Cells Mater. 10 (Suppl 3), (2005).</li><li>Pohlmeyer, K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=.">.</a> Zur vergleichenden Anatomie von Damtier, Schaf und Ziege: Osteologie und postnatale Osteogenese. , (1985).</li><li>Pfirrmann, C. W., Metzdorf, A., Zanetti, M., Hodler, J., Boos, N. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Magnetic+resonance+classification+of+lumbar+intervertebral+disc+degeneration.">Magnetic resonance classification of lumbar intervertebral disc degeneration.</a> Spine. 26 (17), 1873-1878 (2001).</li></ol>

Denne minimalt invasive sideadgangs tilgang er effektiv og sikker uden postoperativ brok, abdominal sårets dehiscens eller infektion iagttaget i denne serie. Brugen af ​​borekronens skadesmodel med dybdestop giver en reproducerbar metode til at fremkalde en konsekvent mellemskibsskadesskade med kendt størrelse ( dvs. en dybdeskade på 3,5 mm diameter x 12 mm i dette studie). I vores erfaring frembringer denne metode en mindre alvorlig grad af disdegeneration end den, der observeres i konventionelt beskrev...

Lændesmerter er den største årsag til handicap verden over 1 . Lumbal intervertebral disc degeneration associeret diskogen smerte betragtes som en væsentlig bidragyder til lændesmerter 2 . Der er en stigende efterspørgsel på pålidelige dyremodeller af intervertebralskive sygdom for at udvide forståelsen af ​​degenerative processer og til undersøgelse af potentielle terapier. Talrige dyremodeller for intervertebral skive degenerering eksisterer 3 . Dyrmodeller anvendt til undersøgelse af degenerativ disksygdom varierer i størrelse fra mus 4 til større pattedyr, såsom hunde 5 , får 6 og ikke-humane primater 7 . Metoder, der anvendes til at fremkalde intervertebral disc degeneration, kan bredt klassificeres i kategorierne af mekaniske ( fx intervertebral disk compression<html> N 8 eller kirurgisk skade 6 ), kemisk ( f.eks. Kemisk nukleolyse 5 ) eller mindre almindeligvis spontan degeneration ( f.eks. Sandrotte 9 ). I betragtning af kompleksiteten af ​​menneskelig intervertebral disdegeneration eksisterer der ikke en perfekt dyremodel. Imidlertid er vigtige overvejelser ved at vælge en passende dyremodel for at efterligne denne tilstand nøje identificeret 3 . Sådanne overvejelser indbefatter fraværet af notokordale celler (primitive celler med eventuel progenitorcellefunktion 10 fraværende fra den voksne nucleus pulposus hos mennesker, får, geder og kondrodystrofiske hunde, men forekommer hos de fleste pattedyr), ligheder i dyr og intervertebral disk størrelse i forhold til mennesker, Sammenlignelige biomekaniske kræfter til den kliniske tilstand, mekaniske og etiske overvejelser 3 . <html> Jove_content &quot;&gt; Ikke-menneskelige primater opfylder mange af de ovennævnte kriterier. Bavian og makak modeller af spontan intervertebral disdegeneration er blevet beskrevet 11 , 12 , 13. Begge arter bruger store mængder tid i oprejst eller halvretlige stillinger - en klar fordel I forhold til andre dyremodeller. Etisk og praktisk overvejelser ( f.eks. Udgifter, boliger, forsinket udbrud af spontan degeneration) begrænser deres anvendelse i mange institutioner. Ryggsøjlen er en etableret model for degeneration mellem hjernehalvskiver, med fordele, herunder cellulære, biomekaniske og anatomiske ligheder med den menneskelige rygsøjle 10 , 14 , 15 . På trods af kvadrupedalens opdræt udsættes ovens lændehvirvelseskive for lignende belastninger på den menneskelige skiveS = &quot;xref&quot;&gt; 14. Ægemodellen er også mere bredt accepteret fra et etisk perspektiv end ikke-menneskelige primatmodeller. Forskellige metoder er blevet beskrevet for at initiere den degenerative proces, hvoraf mange kræver direkte adgang til den intervertebrale disk. På grund af ophør af rygmarv i sakralområdet og nedbrydning af den bageste langsgående ligament i lændehvirvelsøjlen er de bageste tilgange til intervertebralskiven teknisk udfordrende og mindre almindeligt anvendt i fårene 16 . De traditionelle adgangsveje til lændehvirvelsøjlen, dvs. via anterolater eller anterolaterale tilgange, kræver store abdominale indsnit, er fyldt med risiko for brok og skade på indre indvolde og neurovaskulære strukturer 16 . Anvendelsen af ​​et relativt lille sideskæring væk fra afhængige abdominale områder kan reducere sådanne risici 17 . Vi præsenterer et skov moDel af degenerativ lumbal intervertebral disksygdom ved brug af boreskader udført gennem en minimalt invasiv lateral tilgang og inspireret af Zhang et. Al 18 . Formålet med denne protokol er at muliggøre en pålidelig lændehvirvelskadesmodel, der let kan reproduceres, giver en konsekvent skade og er sikker og godt tolereret. Denne fremgangsmåde er velegnet til efterforskere, der søger at fremkalde en milder grad af lumbal intervertebral disdegeneration end den, der observeres ved traditionel kirurgisk annulotomi (upublicerede data) til undersøgelse af enten intervertebral disc degeneration eller regenerative terapier. Disse resultater vil blive beskrevet i en kommende publikation.

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="947">
	<tbody>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:296px;">Medetomidine Hydrochloride (10 mL Injection)</td>
			<td style="width:132px;">Therapon/Zoetis</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">PFIDOM10</td>
			<td style="width:400px;">Multiple suppliers: Zoetis/Ilium</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:296px;">Thiopentone</td>
			<td style="width:132px;">Troy</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">Triothiopentone</td>
			<td>Multiple suppliers: Neon Laboratories, Jagsonphal Pharmaceuticals</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:296px;">Isoflurane (2-3 % in oxygen)</td>
			<td style="width:132px;">Baxter</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">AHN3636</td>
			<td>Multiple suppliers: Baxter/VetOne</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:296px;">Amoxicillin parenteral</td>
			<td style="width:132px;">GlaxoSmithKline</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">JO1CA04</td>
			<td>Multiple suppliers: GlaxoSmithKline/Merck</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:296px;">Bupivacaine (0.5% Injection 20 mL)</td>
			<td style="width:132px;">Pfizer</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">005BUP001</td>
			<td>Multiple suppliers: Pfizer/AstraZeneca</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:296px;">PVD Iodine Solution</td>
			<td style="width:132px;">Jurox</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">61330</td>
			<td>Multiple suppliers: Jurox/Orion</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:296px;">Chlorhexidine 5%w/v</td>
			<td style="width:132px;">Jurox</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">Chlorhex C 5L (SCRUB)</td>
			<td>Multiple suppliers: Jurox/Pfizer</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:296px;">Transdermal Fental Patch (75 &#956;g/h)</td>
			<td style="width:132px;">Janssen-Cilag</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">S8-Dur7.5</td>
			<td>Multiple suppliers: Sandoz</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:296px;">Buprenorphine iv</td>
			<td style="width:132px;">Jurox</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">504410</td>
			<td>Multiple suppliers: LGM Pharma</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:296px;">Atipamezole (Antisedan 0.06 mg/kg - 0.08 mg/kg)</td>
			<td style="width:132px;">Zoetis</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">PFIANT10</td>
			<td>Multiple suppliers: Ilium</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:296px;">Oster Golden A5 2-Speed Clippers</td>
			<td style="width:132px;">Oster</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">078005-140-003</td>
			<td>Oster</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:296px;">20 ml luer lock syringe</td>
			<td style="width:132px;">Terumo</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">6SS+20L</td>
			<td>Multiple suppliers: Medshop Australia/Terumo</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:296px;">21 G IV needle</td>
			<td style="width:132px;">Terumo</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">SG3-1225</td>
			<td>Multiple suppliers:Medshop Australia/Terumo</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:296px;">#4 scalpel handle</td>
			<td style="width:132px;">Austvet</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">AD010/04</td>
			<td>Multiple suppliers: Austvet/SurgicalInstruments</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:296px;">#22 scalpel baldes</td>
			<td style="width:132px;">Austvet</td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:296px;">Gillies tissue forceps</td>
			<td style="width:132px;">Austvet</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">AB430/15</td>
			<td>Multiple suppliers: Austvet/SurgicalInstruments</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:296px;">Metzenbaum curved dissecting scissors</td>
			<td style="width:132px;">Austvet</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">AC101/14</td>
			<td>Multiple suppliers: Austvet/SurgicalInstruments</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:296px;">Deaver retractor</td>
			<td style="width:132px;">Surgical Instruments</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">23.75.03</td>
			<td>Multiple suppliers: Surgical Instrument/Austvet</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:296px;">Hohmann retractor</td>
			<td style="width:132px;">Austvet</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">KA173/35</td>
			<td>Multiple suppliers: Austvet/SurgicalInstruments</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Mayo suture scissors</td>
			<td style="width:132px;">Austvet</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">AC911/14</td>
			<td>Multiple suppliers: Austvet/SurgicalInstruments</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:296px;">Needleholder 14 cm&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:132px;">EliteMedical</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">18-1030</td>
			<td>Multiple suppliers: EliteMedical/Austvet</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:296px;">CMT 3.5 mm Brad-Point Drill</td>
			<td style="width:132px;">Carbatec</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">516-035-51</td>
			<td>Multiple suppliers: Southeast Tool/Carbatec</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:296px;">Drill Bit Stop 4 mm</td>
			<td style="width:132px;">Drill Warehouse</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">20121600</td>
			<td>Multiple suppliers: Amazon</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:296px;">Bosch 10.8 V Cordless Angle Drill</td>
			<td style="width:132px;">Get Tools Direct</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">GWB10.8V-LIBB</td>
			<td>Multiple suppliers:Bunnings/Get Tools Direct</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:296px;">Autoclavable veterinary drill bag</td>
			<td style="width:132px;">AustVet</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">DRA043-AV</td>
			<td>AustVet</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:296px;">2-0 absorbable synthetic braided sutures</td>
			<td style="width:132px;">Ethicon</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">VCP335H</td>
			<td>Ethicon</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:296px;">3-0 absorbable synthetic braided sutures</td>
			<td style="width:132px;">Ethicon</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">VCP232H</td>
			<td>Ethicon</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Siemens 3 Tesla Skyra Widebore MRI</td>
			<td style="width:132px;">Siemens</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">N/A</td>
			<td>Siemens</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;">9.4 Tesla Agilent (Varian) MRI</td>
			<td style="width:132px;">Agilent Technologies</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">N/A</td>
			<td>Agilent Technologies</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Atomscope HF 200 A Radiogaph</td>
			<td style="width:132px;">Radlink</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">330003A</td>
			<td>Multiple Suppliers: Radlink/DLC Australia</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Veterinary Pulse Oximiter</td>
			<td style="width:132px;">DLC&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">192500A</td>
			<td>Multiple suppliers: DLC Australi Pty Ltd/AustVet</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

ovine lumbar intervertebral disc degeneration model utilizing a lateral retroperitoneal drill bit injury

Intervertebral disc degeneration er en væsentlig bidragyder til udviklingen af ​​rygsmerter og den førende årsag til handicap på verdensplan. Talrige dyremodeller af intervertebral skive degenerering er blevet udviklet. Den ideelle dyremodel bør nøje efterligne den menneskelige intervertebrale disk med hensyn til morfologi, biomekaniske egenskaber og fravær af notochordale celler. Den lændehvirvel intervertebrale skive model opfylder disse kriterier. Vi præsenterer en skovmodel af degeneration mellem hjerneskive, der udnytter boreskader ved hjælp af en lateral retroperitoneal tilgang. Den laterale tilgang reducerer signifikant snittet og den potentielle sygelighed forbundet med den traditionelle anterior tilgang til den oprindelige rygsøjle. Anvendelse af en borebitmetode til skade giver mulighed for at frembringe en konsistent og reproducerbar skade med præcise dimensioner, der initierer en konsekvent grad af intervertebral disdegeneration. Den ringformede focal karakterOg nucleus pulposus defekt nøjere efterligner den kliniske tilstand af focal intervertebral disc herniation. Får recover hurtigt efter denne procedure og er typisk mobil og spiser inden for en time. Intervertebral disc degeneration følger og får underkastes necropsy og efterfølgende analyse i perioder fra otte uger. Vi mener, at boreskadesmodellen for degeneration mellem hjernebrætskiverne giver fordele i forhold til mere konventionelle ringformede skademodeller.

Pre-operativt, får gennemgået baseline 3T magnetisk resonans imaging (MRI) til vurdering af underliggende intervertebral skive morfologi og degeneration. Får gennemgik yderligere intraoperativ lateral radiografi til bekræftelse af intervertebral diskniveau og beregning af diskhøjdeindeks. Et præoperativt sagittalt planskive fra 3T MR og en intraoperativ radiograf er vist i Figur 1 . <img alt="figur 1" src...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Ovine Lumbar Intervertebral Disc Degeneration Model Utilizing a Lateral Retroperitoneal Drill Bit Injury at JoVE.com

Ovine Lumbar Intervertebral Disc Degeneration Model Utilizing a Lateral Retroperitoneal Drill Bit Injury

Intervertebral disc degeneration er en væsentlig bidragyder til rygsmerter og en førende årsag til handicap verden over. Talrige dyremodeller af intervertebral skive degeneration eksisterer. Vi demonstrerer en ovine-model af intervertebral disc degeneration ved hjælp af en borekrone, der opnår en konsekvent skadesskade og reproducerbar grad af disk degeneration.

Ovine Lumbar Intervertebral Disc Degeneration Model Brug en lateral retroperitoneal Drill Bit Skade

Intervertebral disc degeneration is a significant contributor to the development of back pain and the leading cause of disability worldwide. Numerous ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Medicine

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Symptomatic intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration (IDD) is a major socioeconomic burden and is characterized by inflammation and tissue degradation. Due ...

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Lumbar disc herniation (LDH) is a type of serious sinus or sciatic nerve dysfunction caused by nucleus pulposus protrusion and annulus fibrosus tears. Its ...