Name: optimized protocol for the extraction of proteins from the human mitral valve
Uploaded: 2017-06-14T14:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Optimized Protocol for the Extraction of Proteins from the Human Mitral Valve at JoVE.com

意大利卫生部支持这项研究（RC 2013-BIO 15）。我们非常感谢Barbara Micheli的优秀技术援助。

在该方案中，尽管正常的超声心动图参数，在多器官移植（冷缺血时间4-12小时，平均6±2小时）内，从器官移植排除器官移植的技术或功能原因收集人心脏。他们被送到米兰的心血管组织银行Monzino心脏中心（意大利米兰），为主动脉瓣和肺动脉瓣的银行服务。二尖瓣后叶不用于临床目的，因此在从供体亲属获得知情同意后，在主动脉瓣和肺动脉瓣隔离期间收集二尖瓣后叶。移植和研究的组织仅在?...

<ol>
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Y., Yang, W., Zhang, H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Inhibition+of+protein+carbamylation+in+urea+solution+using+ammonium-containing+buffers.">Inhibition of protein carbamylation in urea solution using ammonium-containing buffers.</a> Anal Biochem. 446, 76-81 (2014).</li><li>Rabilloud, T., Adessi, C., Giraudel, A., Lunardi, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Improvement+of+the+solubilization+of+proteins+in+two-dimensional+electrophoresis+with+immobilized+pH+gradients.">Improvement of the solubilization of proteins in two-dimensional electrophoresis with immobilized pH gradients.</a> Electrophoresis. 18 (3-4), 307-316 (1997).</li><li>Santoni, V., Molloy, M., Rabilloud, T. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Membrane+proteins+and+proteomics:+un+amour+impossible?.">Membrane proteins and proteomics: un amour impossible?.</a> Electrophoresis. 21 (6), 1054-1070 (2000).</li><li>Shechter, D., Dormann, H. L., Allis, C. D., Hake, S. B. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Extraction,+purification+and+analysis+of+histones.">Extraction, purification and analysis of histones.</a> Nat Protoc. 2 (6), 1445-1457 (2007).</li><li>Fujiki, Y., Hubbard, A. L., Fowler, S., Lazarow, P. B. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Isolation+of+intracellular+membranes+by+means+of+sodium+carbonate+treatment:+application+to+endoplasmic+reticulum.">Isolation of intracellular membranes by means of sodium carbonate treatment: application to endoplasmic reticulum.</a> J Cell Biol. 93 (1), 97-102 (1982).</li><li>Gorg, A., Weiss, W., Dunn, M. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Current+two-dimensional+electrophoresis+technology+for+proteomics.">Current two-dimensional electrophoresis technology for proteomics.</a> Proteomics. 4 (12), 3665-3685 (2004).</li><li>Mann, M., Kelleher, N. L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Precision+proteomics:+the+case+for+high+resolution+and+high+mass+accuracy.">Precision proteomics: the case for high resolution and high mass accuracy.</a> Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 105 (47), 18132-18138 (2008).</li><li>Thakur, S. S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Deep+and+highly+sensitive+proteome+coverage+by+LC-MS/MS+without+prefractionation.">Deep and highly sensitive proteome coverage by LC-MS/MS without prefractionation.</a> Mol Cell Proteomics. 10 (8), M110.003699 (2011).</li><li>Loardi, C., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Biology+of+mitral+valve+prolapse:+the+harvest+is+big,+but+the+workers+are+few.">Biology of mitral valve prolapse: the harvest is big, but the workers are few.</a> Int J Cardiol. 151 (2), 129-135 (2011).</li><li>Schoen, F. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Evolving+concepts+of+cardiac+valve+dynamics:+the+continuum+of+development,+functional+structure,+pathobiology,+and+tissue+engineering.">Evolving concepts of cardiac valve dynamics: the continuum of development, functional structure, pathobiology, and tissue engineering.</a> Circulation. 118 (18), 1864-1880 (2008).</li><li>Lelovas, P. P., Kostomitsopoulos, N. G., Xanthos, T. T. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+comparative+anatomic+and+physiologic+overview+of+the+porcine+heart.">A comparative anatomic and physiologic overview of the porcine heart.</a> J Am Assoc Lab Anim Sci. 53 (5), 432-438 (2014).</li></ol>

该方案的一个关键步骤是使用液氮冷冻样品并冷却研磨机系统。液氮的使用可防止生物降解并有效地进行粉末化，但需要对培训进行安全处理。 在该协议中，具有用于样品研磨的研磨机系统，因为小样品难以从标准的砂浆和杵中回收。在这种情况下，小样品作为细粉扩散到砂浆表面，使收集困难。另一个优点是研磨机是电动的，这允许以可再现的方式处理更多数量的样品并?...

最近的证据改变了对mRNA合成后发生的许多调节机制的作用的理解。实际上，翻译，转录后和蛋白水解过程可以调节蛋白丰度和功能。假设转录本水平是蛋白质丰度的主要决定因素，mRNA的浓度代表相应蛋白质的代谢 - 已被部分修订。目前，转录本水平仅部分预测蛋白质丰度，这表明转录后事件发生调节细胞内的蛋白质1,2 。 此外，蛋白质最终决定细胞的功能，因此决定其表型，其可以经受自分泌，旁分泌和内分泌因子的响应的动态变化;血液介体;温度;药物治疗和疾病发展换货。因此，以蛋白质水平为重点的表达分析有助于表征蛋白质组，并且揭示其作为疾病发病机理的一部分发生的关键变化3 。 因此，尽管现有的技术挑战，蛋白质组学所提出的澄清健康和疾病状况的机会也是艰巨的。蛋白质组学可以贡献的特别有希望的研究领域包括：在任何水平（ 即全细胞或组织，亚细胞区室和生物液体）上鉴定改变的蛋白质表达;用于疾病诊断和预后的新型生物标志物的鉴定，验证和验证;并希望能够鉴定可用于治疗目的的新蛋白质靶标，以及药物功效和毒性的评估。 捕捉复杂性蛋白质组是技术挑战。目前的蛋白质组学工具提供了进行大规模，高通量分析来鉴定，定量和验证改变的蛋白质水平的机会。此外，引入分馏和富集技术，旨在避免由最丰富的蛋白质引起的干扰，还通过包括最少丰富的蛋白质来改善蛋白质鉴定。最后，蛋白质组学被补充了翻译后修饰的分析，其逐渐成为蛋白质功能的重要调节剂。 然而，分析中的生物标本中的样品制备和蛋白质回收仍然是蛋白质组学工作流程中的限制步骤，并增加可能陷阱的潜力5 。事实上，在大多数必须优化的分子生物学技术中，第一步是组织匀浆离子和细胞裂解，特别是在不存在扩增方法的低丰度蛋白质的分析过程中。此外，蛋白质的化学性质可以影响其自身的恢复。例如，高疏水性蛋白质的分析是非常具有挑战性的，因为它们在等电聚焦过程中容易沉淀，而跨膜蛋白几乎不溶（参见参考文献5）。此外，组织组成变异性为开发通用提取方法创造了显着的障碍。最后，由于几乎所有临床标本的数量都是有限的，所以必须以最小的样品量使蛋白质制备具有最大的恢复和重现性。 这项工作描述了从正常人心脏二尖瓣进行蛋白质提取的优化方案，这代表了蛋白质组学分析的非常具有挑战性的样品。正常二尖瓣是一种lex结构位于左心房和心脏左心室之间（ 图1 ）。它在控制从心房到脑室的血液流量方面起着重要的作用，防止回流，并确保适当的氧气供应给全身，从而保持足够的心输出量。然而，它通常被认为是一种“无活性”组织，细胞率低，组成少，主要是细胞外基质。这是因为在正常情况下，驻留的瓣膜间质细胞（VIC）具有低蛋白质生物合成速率7的静止表型。 然而，已经证明，在病理状态下，海绵体中的VIC的数量增加并且其蛋白质合成被激活，以及其他功能和表型变化8 。因此，最少的数据可用并不奇怪文献集中于病理性二尖瓣9,10的分析，其中活化的VIC的增加的数量可能解释相对较高数量的鉴定的蛋白质。 总之，本议定书可能通过研究二尖瓣蛋白组分来发展对负责二尖瓣疾病的致病机制的理解。事实上，更深入地了解潜在的病理过程可能有助于改善瓣膜疾病的临床管理，其目前的干预指标主要取决于血液动力学考虑因素。

<table border="1" fo:keep-together.within-page="1" fo:keep-with-next.within-page="always">
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>Saline solution</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td>0.9 % NaCl</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Eurocollins A</td>
			<td>SALF</td>
			<td>30874046</td>
			<td>Balanced organ&#39;s transport medium. Combine 400 mL of Eurocollins A with 100 mL Eurocollins B to obtain balanced medium Eurocollins</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Eurocollins B</td>
			<td>SALF</td>
			<td>30874022</td>
			<td>Balanced organ&#39;s transport medium. Combine 400 mL of Eurocollins A with 100 mL Eurocollins B to obtain balanced medium Eurocollins</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Wisconsin</td>
			<td>Bridge life</td>
			<td>RM/N 4081</td>
			<td>Balanced organ&#39;s transport medium</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Biohazard vertical flow air</td>
			<td>Burdinola</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Class A GMP classification</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Dewar Flask</td>
			<td>Thermo Scientific</td>
			<td>Nalgene 4150-1000</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Cryogrinder system</td>
			<td>OPS diagnostics</td>
			<td>CG 08-01</td>
			<td>Grinder system containing mortars, pestles and screwdriver</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Stainless steel forceps</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Stainless steel spatula</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Disposable sterile scalpel</td>
			<td>Medisafe</td>
			<td>MS-10</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Stainless steel scissors</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Autoclavable</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Stainless steel picks</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Autoclavable</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Disposable sterile drap</td>
			<td>Mon&#38;Tex</td>
			<td>3.307.08</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Sterilizing solution with isopropyl alcohol</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td>70% isopropyl alcohol</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Sterilizing solution with hydrogen peroxide</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td>6% hydrogen peroxide</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Micropipette, 1 mL, with tips</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>15 mL centrifuge tubes</td>
			<td>VWR international</td>
			<td>9278</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>1.7 mL centrifuge tubes</td>
			<td>VWR international</td>
			<td>PIER90410</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Urea buffer</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td>8 M urea, 2 M thiourea, 4 % w/v CHAPS, 20 mM Trizma, 55 mM Dithiotreitol</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Urea</td>
			<td>Sigma aldrich</td>
			<td>U6504-1KG</td>
			<td>To be used for Urea buffer</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Thiourea</td>
			<td>Sigma aldrich</td>
			<td>T8656</td>
			<td>To be used for Urea buffer</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>CHAPS</td>
			<td>Sigma aldrich</td>
			<td>C3023-5GR</td>
			<td>To be used for Urea buffer</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Dithiotreitol</td>
			<td>Sigma aldrich</td>
			<td>D0632-5G</td>
			<td>To be used for Urea buffer</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Syringe 50 mL</td>
			<td>PIC</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>To be used to filter Urea buffer</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>0.22 &#181;m filter</td>
			<td>Millipore</td>
			<td>SLGP033RB</td>
			<td>To be used to filter Urea buffer</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>PFTE Pestle, 2 mL</td>
			<td>Kartell</td>
			<td>6302</td>
			<td>Part of Potter-Elvehjem homogenizer</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Borosilicate glass mortar</td>
			<td>Kartell</td>
			<td>6102</td>
			<td>Part of Potter-Elvehjem homogenizer</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Stirrer</td>
			<td>VELP scientifica</td>
			<td>Stirrer DLH</td>
			<td>To be used for homogenization by Potter-Elvehjem</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Bradford Protein assay</td>
			<td>Bio-Rad laboratories</td>
			<td>5000006</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Tube rotator</td>
			<td>Pbi International</td>
			<td>F205</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Liquid nitrogen</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Aluminum foil</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Ice</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Polystyrene box</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Dry ice</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Centrifuge</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td>For centrifugation of 1.7 mL centrifuge tubes at 13,000 x g</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Freezer -80&#176;C</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Precision balance</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Autoclave</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td>For sterilization</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Cryogenic gloves for liquid nitrogen</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Gloves</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Professional forced ventilation and natural air convection oven</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td>For sterilization</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Protease inhibitor cocktail</td>
			<td>Sigma aldrich</td>
			<td>P8340-5ML</td>
			<td>100X solution</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>ProteoExtract Protein Precipitation Kit</td>
			<td>Calbiochem</td>
			<td>539180</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>RapiGest</td>
			<td>Waters</td>
			<td>186001861</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Cytoscape</td>
			<td>www.cytoscape.org</td>
			<td>version 2.7</td>
			<td>Software platform for Gene Ontology analysis</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>BiNGO</td>
			<td>http://apps.cytoscape.org/apps/bingo</td>
			<td>version 3.0.3</td>
			<td>Plugin for Gene ontology analysis</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>AlphaB Crystallin/CRYAB Antibody</td>
			<td>Novus Biologicals</td>
			<td>NBP1-97494</td>
			<td>Mouse monoclonal antibody against CryAB</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Septin-11 Antibody</td>
			<td>Novus Biologicals</td>
			<td>NBP1-83824</td>
			<td>Rabbit polyclonal antibody against septin-11</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>FHL1 Antibody</td>
			<td>Novus Biologicals</td>
			<td>NBP-188745</td>
			<td>Rabbit polyclonal antibody against FHL-1</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Dermatopontin Antibody</td>
			<td>Novus Biologicals</td>
			<td>NB110-68135</td>
			<td>Rabbit polyclonal antibody against dermatopontin</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Goat Anti mouse IgG HRP</td>
			<td>Sigma aldrich</td>
			<td>A4416-0.5ML</td>
			<td>Secondary antibody for immunoblotting</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Goat Anti rabbit IgG HRP</td>
			<td>Bio-Rad laboratories</td>
			<td>170-5046</td>
			<td>Secondary antibody for immunoblotting</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

optimized protocol for the extraction of proteins from the human mitral valve

细胞蛋白质组学的分析可以帮助阐明基于疾病的分子机制，这是由于技术的发展，允许大规模鉴定和定量复制生物系统中存在的蛋白质。从蛋白质组学方法获得的知识有可能导致更好地了解基础疾病的致病机制，允许鉴定新的诊断和预后疾病标志物，以及希望的治疗靶点。然而，心脏二尖瓣代表蛋白质组学分析的非常具有挑战性的样品，因为蛋白多糖和富含胶原蛋白的细胞外基质的细胞数量较少。这使得挑选提取蛋白质进行全球蛋白质组学分析。该工作描述了与随后的蛋白质分析相容的方案，如定量蛋白质组学和免疫印迹。这可以允许数据关联的相关性g蛋白表达与定量mRNA表达和非定量免疫组化分析数据。实际上，这些方法在一起执行时，可以更全面地了解基因疾病的基因分子机制，从mRNA到翻译后蛋白质的修饰。因此，这种方法可以与对心脏瓣膜病理学研究感兴趣的研究者有关。

蛋白质在尿素缓冲液中的提取和溶解与基于等电聚焦（二维电泳（2-DE） 11和液相等电聚焦（IEF） 12 ）的蛋白质组学方法直接相容，并且在Laemmli缓冲液13中稀释后进行免疫印迹含有蛋白酶抑制剂混合物14 。 对于基于无凝胶质谱法（ 即与数据无关质?...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Optimized Protocol for the Extraction of Proteins from the Human Mitral Valve at JoVE.com

Optimized Protocol for the Extraction of Proteins from the Human Mitral Valve

人二尖瓣的蛋白质组成仍然是部分未知的，因为其分析由于细胞数量低，因此通过低蛋白质生物合成而复杂化。这项工作提供了有效提取蛋白质用于二尖瓣蛋白质组分析的方案。

从人体二尖瓣提取蛋白质的优化方案

Analysis of the cellular proteome can help to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying diseases due to the development of technologies that permit ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Biochemistry

An Optimized Protocol for Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay Using Infrared Fluorescent Dye-labeled Oligonucleotides

一种优化的协议电泳迁移分析使用红外荧光染料标记的寡核苷酸

Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assays (EMSA) are an instrumental tool to characterize the interactions between proteins and their target DNA sequences. ...

科研

生物化学

Purification of Biotinylated Cell Surface Proteins from Rhipicephalus microplus Epithelial Gut Cells

Purification of Biotinylated Cell Surface Proteins from Rhipicephalus microplus Epithelial Gut Cells

生物素化细胞表面蛋白的纯化<emRigicephalus microplus</em&gt;上皮细胞

Rhipicephalus microplus &#8211; the cattle tick &#8211; is the most significant ectoparasite in terms of economic impact on livestock as a vector of ...

A Simple Fractionated Extraction Method for the Comprehensive Analysis of Metabolites, Lipids, and Proteins from a Single Sample

一种简单的分级提取方法，用于从单个样品中综合分析代谢物，脂质和蛋白质

Understanding of complex biological systems requires the measurement, analysis and integration of multiple compound classes of the living cell, usually ...

Sampling and Pretreatment of Tooth Enamel Carbonate for Stable Carbon and Oxygen Isotope Analysis

用于稳定碳氧同位素分析的牙釉质碳酸盐的取样与预处理

Stable carbon and oxygen isotope analysis of human and animal tooth enamel carbonate has been applied in paleodietary, paleoecological, and ...

Covalent Immobilization of Proteins for the Single Molecule Force Spectroscopy

单分子力谱中蛋白质共价固定化的研究

In recent years, atomic force microscopy (AFM) based single molecule force spectroscopy (SMFS) extended our understanding of molecular properties and ...

Characterization of Proteins by Size-Exclusion Chromatography Coupled to Multi-Angle Light Scattering (SEC-MALS)

Characterization of Proteins by Size-Exclusion Chromatography Coupled to Multi-Angle Light Scattering SEC-MALS

蛋白质的表征(按尺寸-排除色谱与多角度光散射相结合(SEC-MALS)

Analytical size-exclusion chromatography (SEC), commonly used for the determination of the molecular weight of proteins and protein-protein complexes in ...

Transverse Sectioning of Mature Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Kernels for Scanning Electron Microscopy Imaging Using Pipette Tips as Immobilization Support

Transverse Sectioning of Mature Rice Oryza sativa L. Kernels for Scanning Electron Microscopy Imaging Using Pipette Tips as Immobilization Support

成熟水稻的横向切片（米 苜蓿L.）使用移液器吸头作为固定支架的扫描电子显微镜成像的内核

Starch granules (SGs) exhibit different morphologies depending on the plant species, especially in the endosperm of the Poaceae family. Endosperm ...

Optimized Incorporation of Alkynyl Fatty Acid Analogs for the Detection of Fatty Acylated Proteins using Click Chemistry

优化了炔基脂肪酸类似物的掺入，用于使用点击化学检测脂肪酰化蛋白

Fatty acylation, the covalent addition of saturated fatty acids to protein substrates, is important in regulating a myriad of cellular functions in ...

Paramagnetic Relaxation Enhancement for Detecting and Characterizing Self-Associations of Intrinsically Disordered Proteins

顺磁弛豫增强，用于检测和表征固有无序蛋白质的自缔合

Intrinsically disordered proteins and intrinsically disordered regions within proteins make up a large and functionally significant part of the human ...

Ultrasonic-Assisted Extraction of Cannabidiolic Acid from Cannabis Biomass

Ultrasonic-Assisted Extraction of Cannabidiolic Acid from Cannabis Biomass

从 大麻 生物质中超声辅助提取大麻二酸

Industrial hemp (Cannabis spp.) has many compounds of interest with potential medical benefits. Of these compounds, cannabinoids have come to the center ...