Name: an integrated system to remotely trigger intracellular signal transduction by upconversion nanoparticle-mediated kinase photoactivation
Uploaded: 2017-08-30T14:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about An Integrated System to Remotely Trigger Intracellular Signal Transduction by Upconversion Nanoparticle-mediated Kinase Photoactivation at JoVE.com

Vi takker Nano vitenskap og teknologi Program av Academia Sinica og departementet for vitenskap og teknologi av Taiwan for finansiering (101-2113-M-001-001-MY2; 103-2113-M-001-028-MY2).

Merk: protokollen beskriver en detaljert instrumentering modifikasjon for upconversion-assistert photoactivation, en syntetisk prosedyre for å generere bur PKA-UCNP, overføring elektronmikroskop (TEM) av silika-belagt UCNP og bur PKA-UCNP prøver, UV og NIR photolysis oppsett, celle forberedelse, PKA-UCNP microinjection, en photoactivation studie og stress fiber farging av REF52 celler.
 1. Fluorimeter installasjonsprogrammet for Upconversion spektrum måling <ol><li>installere en 4 X lin...

<ol>
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Tidligere fant Hofmann og kolleger at dramatiske morfologiske endringer ble observert i REF52 celler etter microinjection av gratis PKA19. I en annen studie demonstrerte Lawrence gruppen at bur PKA kan være aktivert i vivo, fører til morfologiske endringer og oppløsningen av stress fiber når de utsettes for UV photolysis20. Tidligere rapporter om utnytte upconverted UV lys for photoactivation viste aktivering av flere UCNP-assistert, bur, små molekylære bioef...

Kjemisk endret proteiner som kan photoactivated (f.eks PKA bur proteiner) har blitt utviklet som et nye felt i kjemisk biologi ikke-invasively manipulere intercellulære biokjemiske prosesser1,2 ,3. Ved hjelp av lys som en stimulans gir god spatiotemporal oppløsning når du aktiverer disse bur proteiner. UV lys kan imidlertid forårsake uønskede morfologiske endringer, apoptose og DNA skade celler4,5. Derfor, den siste utviklingen i utformingen av photocaging grupper fokus på aktivere photocleavage ved lengre-bølgelengde eller to-fotonet eksitasjon å redusere Phototoksisitet, så vel som for å øke dype vev penetrasjon6,7. Caging grupper som svarer til lengre bølgelengde tillater oss å velge passende uncaging bølgelengder (i.e.kanaler) å selektivt aktivere bioeffectors når to eller flere caging grupper er tilstede7. Gitt disse nyttige funksjoner, er utvikle nye røde lys photocaging grupper svært viktig oppstrøms arbeid i fotokjemisk metoder for biologiske studier fra undersøkelser mekanismer av reaksjoner å kontrollere mobilnettet aktiviteter8. Likevel, en to-fotonet caging gruppe er normalt for hydrofobe på grunn smeltet aromatiske ringen, og en synlig lys caging gruppe er normalt organometalliske, med aromatiske ligander. Hydrofobe/aromatiske egenskapen passer ikke når bioeffector er et protein eller enzym, som det denatures webområdet aktivering av enzym/protein og forårsaker tap av funksjon, selv om den bøyning og photolysis fortsatt fungerer på kjemiske nivå2 ,9.
UCNPs er effektive transdusere som konvertere NIR eksitasjon lyset til UV. Dette unike og spennende eiendom UCNPs har tilbudt realistisk løsninger på utfordringene knyttet til photoactivation og utløste kontrollert utgivelsen av små molekyler, inkludert folsyre10, cisplatin derivater11 , DNA/siRNA12copolymer blemmer13og hul partikler14. Imidlertid etter beste overbevisning, har UCNP-assistert photoactivation av enzymer og proteiner ikke blitt testet så langt. Fordi det ikke er noe vellykket tilfelle av bruker rødt lys eller NIR å fotoaktive et enzym, vi ble bedt om å utføre NIR-utløst aktivering av en protein/enzym konstruere består av kjemisk endret bur enzym komplekser med en silica-belagt, transisjonsmetall-dopet UCNP15. UCNP var konjugert med et raskt reagere signal signaltransduksjon kinase i form av bur PKA i denne studien. PKA styrer glykogensyntese og cellen cytoskjelett regulering som reagerer på eksterne stimuli via syklisk adenosin fosfat (cAMP) regulering i stoffer16. Vi studerte muligheten for enzym aktivisering i timelige og romlig oppførsel i en mobilnettet eksperiment etter NIR bestråling. Denne UCNP-assistert photoactivation-plattformen er en ny metode for å photoactivate et enzym bruker NIR, og unngår uønskede signal signaltransduksjon svaret fra celler forårsaket av konvensjonelle UV bestråling2,4.
Det er svært vanskelig å translocate store bioeffectors (f.eks proteiner) over cellemembranen kontrollere cellular aktivitet. Selv om partikkel-immobilisert protein kan være lettere å translocate via endocytose i stoffer, kan endocytose være skadet eller degradert via endosomal entrapment og påfølgende lysosomale fornedrelse2,4. Selv om bur protein er fremdeles funksjonell etter membran translokasjon, kan translocated beløpene ikke være nok til å utløse cellulær respons2,17. I skarp kontrast er microinjection en direkte og kvantitativ tilnærming til å levere store bioeffectors til cytoplasma i cellen. Videre krever UCNP-immobilisert bioeffector upconverted lys skal aktiveres. Derfor krever optisk instrumentering ytterligere endring måle, visualisere og utnytte upconversion lyset. I dette arbeidet beskrives levering av et bur PKA-UCNP kompleks til en celle med microinjection og følgende viktige spektroskopi og mikroskopi endringer for NIR photoactivation i detalj.

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		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:431px;">Reagent</td>
			<td style="width:243px;"></td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td style="width:193px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Tris(hydorxymethyl)aminomethane</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>154563</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Magnesium chloride hexahydrate</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>M9272</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">MOPS</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>M1254</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">HEPES</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>H4034</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Sodium chloride&#160;</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>31434</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Potassium chloride</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>12636</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Yttrium acetate&#160;hydrate</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>326046</td>
			<td>Y(C2H3CO2)3 &#183; xH2O</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Thulium(III) acetate hydrate</td>
			<td>Alfa Aesar</td>
			<td>14582</td>
			<td>Tm(CH3CO2)3 &#183; xH2O</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Ytterbium(III) acetate tetrahydrate</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>326011</td>
			<td>Yb(C2H3O2)3 &#183; 4H2O</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">1-Octadecene</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>O806</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Oleic acid</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>364525</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Methanol&#160;</td>
			<td>macron</td>
			<td>304168</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Sodium hydroxide</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>30620</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Ammonium fluoride</td>
			<td>J.T.Baker</td>
			<td>69804</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">IGEPAL&#160;CO-520</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>238643</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Cyclohexane</td>
			<td>J.T.Baker</td>
			<td>920601</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Amomonium hydroxide (28%-30%)</td>
			<td>J.T.Baker</td>
			<td>972101</td>
			<td>Ammonia</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS)</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>8658</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">DL-Dithiothreitol (DTT)</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>D0632</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">N-hydroxymaleimide (NHM)</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>226351</td>
			<td>PKA activity blocking reagent</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Prionex protein stabilizer solution from hog collagen</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>81662</td>
			<td>Protein stabilizer solution</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">2-nitrobenzyl bromide (NBB)</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>107794</td>
			<td>PKA caging reagent</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">8-(4-Chlorophenylthio)adenosine 3&#8242;,5&#8242;-cyclic monophosphate sodium salt</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>C3912</td>
			<td>8-CPT-cAMP</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Pyruvate Kinase/Lactic Dehydrogenase enzymes from rabbit muscle</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>P0294</td>
			<td>PK/LDH</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Adenosine 5&#39;-triphosphate disodium</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>A2387</td>
			<td>ATP</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">&#946;-NADH reduced from dipotassium</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>N4505</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Phosphoenolpyruvate</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>P7127</td>
			<td>PEP</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Coomassie Protein Assay Reagent, 950 ml</td>
			<td>Thermo Scientific</td>
			<td>23200</td>
			<td>Bradford assay reagent</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">cAMP-dependent protein kinase</td>
			<td>Promega</td>
			<td>V5161</td>
			<td>PKA activity control</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">pET15b-PKACAT plasmid</td>
			<td>Addgene</td>
			<td>#14921</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">pKaede-MC1 plasmid</td>
			<td>CoralHue</td>
			<td>AM-V0012</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Phosphate buffered saline (PBS), pH 7.4</td>
			<td>Thermo Scientific</td>
			<td>10010023</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">DMEM, high glucose, pyruvate</td>
			<td>Gibco</td>
			<td>12800-017</td>
			<td>Cell culture medium</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Leibovitz L-15 Medium</td>
			<td>Biological Industries</td>
			<td>01-115-1A</td>
			<td>Cell culture medium</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Fetal Bovine Serum</td>
			<td>Biological Industries</td>
			<td>04-001-1A</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Paraformaldehyde</td>
			<td>ACROS</td>
			<td>416785000</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">DAPI</td>
			<td>Invitrogen</td>
			<td>D1306</td>
			<td>Nucleus staining dye</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Alexa 594-phalloidin</td>
			<td>Invitrogen</td>
			<td>A12381</td>
			<td>F-actin staining dye</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">5(6)-Carboxyfluorescein</td>
			<td>Novabiochem</td>
			<td>8.51082.0005</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">5(6)-Carboxytetramethylrhodamine&#160;</td>
			<td>Novabiochem</td>
			<td>8.51030.9999</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Pierce Coomassie (Bradford) Protein Assay Kit</td>
			<td>Thermo Scientific</td>
			<td>23200</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">CelluSep T4 Tubings/Nominal filter rating MWCO 12000-14000 Da</td>
			<td>Membrane Filtration Products, Inc.</td>
			<td>1430-33</td>
			<td>Dialysis membrane</td>
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		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Millex-HV Syringe Filter Unit, 0.45 &#181;m, PVDF, 13 mm, gamma sterilized</td>
			<td>EMD Milipore</td>
			<td>SLHVX13NL</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;"></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Equipment</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Dynamic Light Scattering/Zetapotential Zetasizer nano-ZS</td>
			<td>Malvern</td>
			<td>M104</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Transmission Electron Microscope</td>
			<td>JEOL</td>
			<td>JEM-1400</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Fluorescence Spectrophotometer</td>
			<td>Agilent Technologies</td>
			<td>10075200</td>
			<td>Cary Eclipse&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">UV-Vis Spectrophotometer</td>
			<td>Agilent Technologies</td>
			<td>10068900</td>
			<td>Cary 50&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Fluorescence Microscopy</td>
			<td>Olympus</td>
			<td>IX-71</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">950 nm longpass filter&#160;</td>
			<td>Thorlabs</td>
			<td>FEL0950</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">850 nm dichroic mirror shortpass</td>
			<td>Chroma</td>
			<td>NC265609</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">RT3 color CCD system</td>
			<td>SPOT</td>
			<td>RT2520</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Fluorescence Illumination</td>
			<td>PRIOR</td>
			<td>Lumen 200</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">980nm Infra-red diode laser</td>
			<td>CNI</td>
			<td>MDL-N-980-8W</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">UV LED Spot Light Source</td>
			<td>UVATA</td>
			<td>UVATA-UPS412</td>
			<td>With a UPH-056-365 nm LED at 200 mW/cm2</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Thermal pile sensor</td>
			<td>OPHIR</td>
			<td>12A-V1-ROHS</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Picospritzer III</td>
			<td>Parker Hannifin</td>
			<td>052-0500-900</td>
			<td>Intracellular Microinjection Dispense Systems</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">PC-10 Needle puller</td>
			<td>Narishige</td>
			<td>PC-10</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">MANOMETER Digital pressure gauge</td>
			<td>Lutron</td>
			<td>PM-9100</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">One-axis Oil Hydraulic Micromanipulator</td>
			<td>Narishige</td>
			<td>MMO-220A</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Heraeus Fresco 17 Centrifuge, Refrigerated</td>
			<td>Thermo Scientific</td>
			<td>75002421</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

an integrated system to remotely trigger intracellular signal transduction by upconversion nanoparticle-mediated kinase photoactivation

Upconversion hydrogenion (UCNP)-mediert photoactivation er en ny tilnærming til eksternt kontroll bioeffectors med mye mindre Phototoksisitet og dypere vev gjennomtrenging. Men er eksisterende instrumentering på markedet ikke lett kompatibel med upconversion program. Derfor er endrer kommersielt tilgjengelige instrumentet viktig for denne forskningen. I dette papiret illustrere vi først endringene konvensjonelle fluorimeter og fluorescens mikroskop for å gjøre dem kompatible for Foton upconversion eksperimenter. Vi beskriver syntesen av en nær infrarød (NIR)-utløst bur protein kinase A katalytisk delenhet (PKA) immobilisert på et UCNP kompleks. Parametere for microinjection og NIR photoactivation prosedyrer rapporteres også. Etter den bur PKA-UCNP er microinjected i REF52 fibroblast celler, utløser NIR bestråling, som er betydelig bedre enn konvensjonelle UV bestråling, effektivt PKA signal signaltransduksjon veien i levende celler. I tillegg bekrefter positive og negative kontroll eksperimenter at PKA-indusert veien fører til oppløsningen av stress fiber er spesielt utløst av NIR bestråling. Dermed gir bruk av protein-endret UCNP en innovativ tilnærming for å fjernstyre lys-modulert mobilnettet eksperimenter, som direkte eksponering for UV lys må unngås.

Utformingen av bur enzym-UCNP Konstruer er illustrert i figur 1. PKA enzymet var første reagert med 2-nitrobenzyl bromide generere en inaktiv bur PKA, og det ble deretter elektrostatisk immobilisert på overflaten av UCNP. UCNPs avgir upconverted lys og følgelig cleave photolytically o-nitrobenzyl gruppene i Cys 199 og Cys 343, genererer den aktivert PKA. TEM bilder og Bradford analysen bekreftet at PKA og bur PKA var immobilisert onto overflaten av UCNPs, ...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about An Integrated System to Remotely Trigger Intracellular Signal Transduction by Upconversion Nanoparticle-mediated Kinase Photoactivation at JoVE.com

An Integrated System to Remotely Trigger Intracellular Signal Transduction by Upconversion Nanoparticle-mediated Kinase Photoactivation

I denne protokollen, bur protein kinase A (PKA), en cellular signal signaltransduksjon bioeffector, var immobilisert på hydrogenion underlag, microinjected i stoffer og aktivert ved upconverted UV lys fra nær infrarød (NIR) bestråling, inducing nedstrøms stress fiber oppløsningen i stoffer.

Et integrert System eksternt utløse intracellulær signaltransduksjon av Upconversion Nanoparticle-mediert Kinase Photoactivation

Upconversion nanoparticle (UCNP)-mediated photoactivation is a new approach to remotely control bioeffectors with much less phototoxicity and with deeper ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Bioengineering

Design of a Cyclic Pressure Bioreactor for the Ex Vivo Study of Aortic Heart Valves

Design of a Cyclic Pressure Bioreactor for the Ex Vivo Study of Aortic Heart Valves

The aortic valve, located between the left ventricle and the aorta, allows for unidirectional blood flow, preventing backflow into the ventricle. Aortic ...

An Experimental System to Study Mechanotransduction in Fetal Lung Cells

Et eksperimentelt system for å studere Mechanotransduction i Fetal lungeceller

Mechanical forces generated in utero by repetitive breathing-like movements and by fluid distension are critical for normal lung development. A key ...

A Full Skin Defect Model to Evaluate Vascularization of Biomaterials In Vivo

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Insufficient vascularization is considered to be one of the main factors limiting the clinical success of tissue-engineered constructs. In order to ...

3D Orbital Tracking in a Modified Two-photon Microscope: An Application to the Tracking of Intracellular Vesicles

3D Orbital Tracking i en modifisert to-foton Microscope: en søknad til sporing av intracellulær Blemmer

The objective of this video protocol is to discuss how to perform and analyze a three-dimensional fluorescent orbital particle tracking experiment using a ...

Fabrication and Validation of an Organ-on-chip System with Integrated Electrodes to Directly Quantify Transendothelial Electrical Resistance

Fabrikasjon og validering av en Organ-on-chip System med integrerte elektrodene direkte kvantifisere Transendothelial elektrisk motstand

Organs-on-chips, in vitro models involving the culture of (human) tissues inside microfluidic devices, are rapidly emerging and promise to provide useful ...

An Orbital Shaking Culture of Mammalian Cells in O-shaped Vessels to Produce Uniform Aggregates

En Orbital risting kultur pattedyrceller i O-formet fartøy å produsere Uniform aggregater

Suspension cultures of mammalian cell aggregates are required for various applications in medical and biotechnological fields. The disposable bag-based ...

A Novel Surgical Technique As a Foundation for In Vivo Partial Liver Engineering in Rat

A Novel Surgical Technique As a Foundation for In Vivo Partial Liver Engineering in Rat

En kirurgiske teknikken som grunnlag for i Vivo delvis leveren Engineering i rotte

Organ engineering is a novel strategy to generate liver organ substitutes that can potentially be used in transplantation. Recently, in vivo liver ...

Protein Kinase C-delta Inhibitor Peptide Formulation using Gold Nanoparticles

Protein Kinase C-deltaet Inhibitor peptid formulering med gull nanopartikler

Protein kinase C-delta inhibitor (PKC&#948;i) is a promising drug to prevent ischemia-reperfusion-induced organ injury. It is usually conjugated to a ...

Detection of Endotoxin in Nano-formulations Using Limulus Amoebocyte Lysate (LAL) Assays

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Deteksjon av Endotoxin i Nano-formuleringer bruker Limulus Amoebocyte Lysate (LAL) analyser

When present in pharmaceutical products, a Gram-negative bacterial cell wall component endotoxin (often also called lipopolysaccharide) can cause ...

Generating a Fractal Microstructure of Laminin-111 to Signal to Cells

Laminin-111 (Ln1) is an essential part of the extracellular matrix in epithelia, muscle and neural systems. We have previously demonstrated that the ...