Name: an integrated system to remotely trigger intracellular signal transduction by upconversion nanoparticle-mediated kinase photoactivation
Uploaded: 2017-08-30T14:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about An Integrated System to Remotely Trigger Intracellular Signal Transduction by Upconversion Nanoparticle-mediated Kinase Photoactivation at JoVE.com

Biz Nano bilim ve teknoloji programı Academia Sinica ve Bilim Bakanlığı ve Tayvan teknoloji finansman için (101-2113-M-001-001-MY2; 103-2113-M-001-028-MY2) teşekkür ederim.

Not: detaylı alt yapısı değiştirilmek üzere upconversion destekli photoactivation protokolünü açıklar, sentetik bir yordam oluşturmak için PKA-UCNP, transmisyon elektron mikroskobu (TEM) silis kaplı UCNP Kafesli ve PKA-UCNP örnekleri, UV ve Nur photolysis Kur, hücre hazırlık, PKA-UCNP mikroenjeksiyon, photoactivation çalışma ve stres fiber REF52 hücreleri boyama Kafesli.
 1. Fluorimeter Kur Upconversion spektrum ölçümü için <ol><li>lazer küvet orta üzerinde odakl...

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G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=DNA-mediated+Construction+of+Hollow+Upconversion+Nanoparticles+for+Protein+Harvesting+and+Near-Infrared+Light+Triggered+Release.">DNA-mediated Construction of Hollow Upconversion Nanoparticles for Protein Harvesting and Near-Infrared Light Triggered Release.</a> Adv Mater. 26 (15), 2424-2430 (2014).</li><li>Gao, H. -. D., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Construction+of+a+Near-Infrared-Activatable+Enzyme+Platform+To+Remotely+Trigger+Intracellular+Signal+Transduction+Using+an+Upconversion+Nanoparticle.">Construction of a Near-Infrared-Activatable Enzyme Platform To Remotely Trigger Intracellular Signal Transduction Using an Upconversion Nanoparticle.</a> ACS Nano. 9 (7), 7041-7051 (2015).</li><li>Wehbi, V. 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Daha önce Hofmann ve iş arkadaşlarınızla dramatik morfolojik değişiklikler ücretsiz PKA19mikroenjeksiyon sonra REF52 hücrelerde gözlendi buldum. Başka bir çalışmada, Lawrence grup Kafesli PKA vivo içindeharekete geçirmek, morfolojik değişiklikler ve UV photolysis20' ye tabi ne zaman stres lifleri dağılması olabilir gösterdi. Daha önce upconverted UV ışığı birkaç UCNP destekli, kafes, küçük moleküler bioeffectors21<...

Photoactivated (Örneğin, Kafesli PKA proteinler) olabilir kimyasal olarak değiştirilmiş proteinlerin kimyasal Biyolojide invaziv olmayan hücreler arası biyokimyasal süreçler1,2 işlemek için gelişmekte olan bir alanı olarak geliştirilmiştir ,3. Bunlar aktif hale getirildiğinde bir uyarıcı mükemmel kronolojik zamanmekansal çözünürlük sağlar gibi ışık kullanarak proteinler Kafesli. Ancak, UV ışığı istenmeyen morfolojik değişiklikler, Apoptozis ve DNA hasarı hücreleri4,5' e neden olabilir. Bu nedenle, tasarım son gelişmeler photocaging gruplarının photocleavage fototoksisite, de derin doku penetrasyonu6,7artırmak olarak azaltmak için dalga boyu daha uzun veya İki fotonlu uyarma üzerine etkinleştirme hakkında odaklan. Bioeffectors iki uzun dalgaboyu bize uygun uncaging dalga boylarında (Yani, kanalları) seçmek seçime bağlı olarak izin verdiği yanıt caging grupları etkinleştirmek veya mevcut7daha fazla caging gruplarıdır. Bu yararlı özellikleri göz önüne alındığında, yeni kırmızı ışık photocaging grupları ters yönde çalışmalarında çok önemli biyolojik araştırmalar reaksiyonlar hücresel aktiviteler8denetleme mekanizmalarının sondalama arasında değişen fotokimyasal yöntemleri geliştiriyor. Yine de, bir iki fotonlu caging normalde erimiş Aromatik halka yapısı nedeniyle çok hidrofobik grubudur ve görünür ışık caging ile aromatik ligandlar normalde Organometalik grubudur. Bu hidrofobik/aromatik özelliği etkinleştirme sitesi enzim/protein denatures ve fiil ve photolysis hala kimyasal düzeyde2 işe bile işlevi, kaybolmasına bioeffector bir protein veya enzim, ne zaman uygun değil ,9.
UCNPs Nur uyarma ışık UV için dönüştürmek etkili dönüştürücüler vardır. UCNPs bu benzersiz ve ilginç özelliği sorunları ele almak üzere gerçekçi kararlar photoactivation ile ilişkili ve kontrollü serbest bırakmak-in küçük moleküller, sisplatin türevleri11 folik asit10, dahil tetiklenen teklif etti , DNA/siRNA12, kopolimer veziküller13ve içi boş parçacıklar14. Ancak, bizim bilgi en iyi şekilde, proteinler ve enzimler UCNP destekli photoactivation defa test edilmemiştir. Kırmızı ışık veya NIR fotoaktif için bir enzim kullanarak başarılı bir dava yok çünkü biz kimyasal olarak değiştirilmiş Kafesli enzim kompleksi silis kaplı ile oluşan bir protein/enzim yapısı NIR tetiklemeli aktivasyonu gerçekleştirmek için istemde, UCNP15lanthanide katkılı. Bu çalışmada, UCNP bir hızla tepki sinyal iletim kinaz Kafesli PKA şeklinde ile Birleşik. PKA glikojen sentez ve siklik adenozin fosfat (kampı) yönetmelik sitozol16üzerinden dış uyaranlara yanıt hücre iskeleti düzenlenme denetler. Biz NIR ışınlama sonra hücresel bir deneyde zamansal ve mekansal davranış enzim harekete geçirmek fizibilite okudu. Bu photoactivation UCNP destekli platform photoactivate için yeni bir yöntem NIR kullanarak bir enzimdir ve geleneksel UV ışınlama2,4tarafından neden olduğu hücre istenmeyen sinyal iletim yanıtından önler.
Çok büyük bioeffectors translocate zordur (örneğin, proteinler) hücresel hareketlilik denetlemek için hücre zarı arasında. Parçacık immobilize protein endositoz ile sitozol translocate daha kolay olabilir, ancak endositoz bozulabilir veya endosomal tuzak ve bunun sonucunda lizozomal bozulması2,4yolu ile bozulmuş. Kafesli protein membran translocation sonra hala işlevsel olsa bile, translocated tutarları hücresel yanıt2,17tetiklemek için yeterli olmayabilir. Keskin aksine, mikroenjeksiyon büyük bioeffectors hücre sitoplazma için teslim etmek için bir doğrudan ve nicel bir yaklaşımdır. Ayrıca, UCNP etkisiz hale bioeffector upconverted ışık etkinleştirilmesini gerektirir. Bu nedenle, optik araçları daha fazla ölçmek, görselleştirmek ve upconversion ışık yararlanmak için değişiklik gerektirir. Bu çalışmada, kafese kapatılmış bir PKA-UCNP kompleksi teslim mikroenjeksiyon ve aşağıdaki temel spektroskopisi ve mikroskopi değişiklikleri için NIR photoactivation kullanarak bir hücreye ayrıntılı olarak açıklanır.

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			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:431px;">Reagent</td>
			<td style="width:243px;"></td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td style="width:193px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Tris(hydorxymethyl)aminomethane</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>154563</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Magnesium chloride hexahydrate</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>M9272</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">MOPS</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>M1254</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">HEPES</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>H4034</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Sodium chloride&#160;</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>31434</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Potassium chloride</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>12636</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Yttrium acetate&#160;hydrate</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>326046</td>
			<td>Y(C2H3CO2)3 &#183; xH2O</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Thulium(III) acetate hydrate</td>
			<td>Alfa Aesar</td>
			<td>14582</td>
			<td>Tm(CH3CO2)3 &#183; xH2O</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Ytterbium(III) acetate tetrahydrate</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>326011</td>
			<td>Yb(C2H3O2)3 &#183; 4H2O</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">1-Octadecene</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>O806</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Oleic acid</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>364525</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Methanol&#160;</td>
			<td>macron</td>
			<td>304168</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Sodium hydroxide</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>30620</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Ammonium fluoride</td>
			<td>J.T.Baker</td>
			<td>69804</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">IGEPAL&#160;CO-520</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>238643</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Cyclohexane</td>
			<td>J.T.Baker</td>
			<td>920601</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Amomonium hydroxide (28%-30%)</td>
			<td>J.T.Baker</td>
			<td>972101</td>
			<td>Ammonia</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS)</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>8658</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">DL-Dithiothreitol (DTT)</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>D0632</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">N-hydroxymaleimide (NHM)</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>226351</td>
			<td>PKA activity blocking reagent</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Prionex protein stabilizer solution from hog collagen</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>81662</td>
			<td>Protein stabilizer solution</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">2-nitrobenzyl bromide (NBB)</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>107794</td>
			<td>PKA caging reagent</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">8-(4-Chlorophenylthio)adenosine 3&#8242;,5&#8242;-cyclic monophosphate sodium salt</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>C3912</td>
			<td>8-CPT-cAMP</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Pyruvate Kinase/Lactic Dehydrogenase enzymes from rabbit muscle</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>P0294</td>
			<td>PK/LDH</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Adenosine 5&#39;-triphosphate disodium</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>A2387</td>
			<td>ATP</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">&#946;-NADH reduced from dipotassium</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>N4505</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Phosphoenolpyruvate</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>P7127</td>
			<td>PEP</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Coomassie Protein Assay Reagent, 950 ml</td>
			<td>Thermo Scientific</td>
			<td>23200</td>
			<td>Bradford assay reagent</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">cAMP-dependent protein kinase</td>
			<td>Promega</td>
			<td>V5161</td>
			<td>PKA activity control</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">pET15b-PKACAT plasmid</td>
			<td>Addgene</td>
			<td>#14921</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">pKaede-MC1 plasmid</td>
			<td>CoralHue</td>
			<td>AM-V0012</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Phosphate buffered saline (PBS), pH 7.4</td>
			<td>Thermo Scientific</td>
			<td>10010023</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">DMEM, high glucose, pyruvate</td>
			<td>Gibco</td>
			<td>12800-017</td>
			<td>Cell culture medium</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Leibovitz L-15 Medium</td>
			<td>Biological Industries</td>
			<td>01-115-1A</td>
			<td>Cell culture medium</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Fetal Bovine Serum</td>
			<td>Biological Industries</td>
			<td>04-001-1A</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Paraformaldehyde</td>
			<td>ACROS</td>
			<td>416785000</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">DAPI</td>
			<td>Invitrogen</td>
			<td>D1306</td>
			<td>Nucleus staining dye</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Alexa 594-phalloidin</td>
			<td>Invitrogen</td>
			<td>A12381</td>
			<td>F-actin staining dye</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">5(6)-Carboxyfluorescein</td>
			<td>Novabiochem</td>
			<td>8.51082.0005</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">5(6)-Carboxytetramethylrhodamine&#160;</td>
			<td>Novabiochem</td>
			<td>8.51030.9999</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Pierce Coomassie (Bradford) Protein Assay Kit</td>
			<td>Thermo Scientific</td>
			<td>23200</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">CelluSep T4 Tubings/Nominal filter rating MWCO 12000-14000 Da</td>
			<td>Membrane Filtration Products, Inc.</td>
			<td>1430-33</td>
			<td>Dialysis membrane</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Millex-HV Syringe Filter Unit, 0.45 &#181;m, PVDF, 13 mm, gamma sterilized</td>
			<td>EMD Milipore</td>
			<td>SLHVX13NL</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;"></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Equipment</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Dynamic Light Scattering/Zetapotential Zetasizer nano-ZS</td>
			<td>Malvern</td>
			<td>M104</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Transmission Electron Microscope</td>
			<td>JEOL</td>
			<td>JEM-1400</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Fluorescence Spectrophotometer</td>
			<td>Agilent Technologies</td>
			<td>10075200</td>
			<td>Cary Eclipse&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">UV-Vis Spectrophotometer</td>
			<td>Agilent Technologies</td>
			<td>10068900</td>
			<td>Cary 50&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Fluorescence Microscopy</td>
			<td>Olympus</td>
			<td>IX-71</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">950 nm longpass filter&#160;</td>
			<td>Thorlabs</td>
			<td>FEL0950</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">850 nm dichroic mirror shortpass</td>
			<td>Chroma</td>
			<td>NC265609</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">RT3 color CCD system</td>
			<td>SPOT</td>
			<td>RT2520</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Fluorescence Illumination</td>
			<td>PRIOR</td>
			<td>Lumen 200</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">980nm Infra-red diode laser</td>
			<td>CNI</td>
			<td>MDL-N-980-8W</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">UV LED Spot Light Source</td>
			<td>UVATA</td>
			<td>UVATA-UPS412</td>
			<td>With a UPH-056-365 nm LED at 200 mW/cm2</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Thermal pile sensor</td>
			<td>OPHIR</td>
			<td>12A-V1-ROHS</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Picospritzer III</td>
			<td>Parker Hannifin</td>
			<td>052-0500-900</td>
			<td>Intracellular Microinjection Dispense Systems</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">PC-10 Needle puller</td>
			<td>Narishige</td>
			<td>PC-10</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">MANOMETER Digital pressure gauge</td>
			<td>Lutron</td>
			<td>PM-9100</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">One-axis Oil Hydraulic Micromanipulator</td>
			<td>Narishige</td>
			<td>MMO-220A</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Heraeus Fresco 17 Centrifuge, Refrigerated</td>
			<td>Thermo Scientific</td>
			<td>75002421</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

an integrated system to remotely trigger intracellular signal transduction by upconversion nanoparticle-mediated kinase photoactivation

Upconversion nanopartikül (UCNP)-aracılı photoactivation için uzaktan kontrol bioeffectors derin doku penetrasyon ile çok daha az fototoksisite ile yeni bir yaklaşımdır. Ancak, piyasada mevcut araçları kolayca upconversion uygulama ile uyumlu değildir. Bu nedenle, ticari araç değiştirerek bu araştırma için esastır. Bu yazıda, ilk geleneksel fluorimeter ve floresan mikroskop foton upconversion deneyler için uyumlu olmaları için değişiklikler göstermektedir. Biz o zaman bir yakın kızılötesi (Nur) sentezi tarif-UCNP kompleksi immobilize Kafesli protein kinaz A katalitik alt birimi (PKA) tetiklenir. Mikroenjeksiyon ve Nur photoactivation yordamlar için parametre de raporlanır. Kafesli PKA UCNP REF52 fibroblast hücreleri microinjected sonra geleneksel UV ışınlama için önemli ölçüde üstün olduğunu, NIR ışınlama PKA sinyal iletim yolu canlı hücreler içinde etkili bir şekilde tetikler. Buna ek olarak, pozitif ve negatif kontrol deneyleri stres lifleri dağılması için önde gelen PKA kaynaklı yolu özellikle NIR ışınlama tarafından tetiklenir onaylayın. Böylece, UCNP protein-modified kullanımı UV ışığı doğrudan maruz kaçınılmalıdır ışık modülasyonlu hücresel deneyler uzaktan denetlemek için yenilikçi bir yaklaşım sağlar.

Kafesli enzim-UCNP yapı tasarım şekil 1' de gösterilmiştir. PKA enzim 2-nitrobenzyl bromür ile etkin olmayan bir kafese kapatılmış PKA oluşturmak için ilk tepki gösterdi ve sonra Elektrostatik UCNP yüzeyinde immobilize. UCNPs upconverted ışık yayarlar ve sonuç olarak photolytically o-nitrobenzyl grupları Cys 199 ve Cys 343, aktif PKA üreten ayırmak. TEM görüntüleri ve Bradford tahlil PKA ve Kafesli PKA UCNPs yüzey immobilize ve UV phot...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about An Integrated System to Remotely Trigger Intracellular Signal Transduction by Upconversion Nanoparticle-mediated Kinase Photoactivation at JoVE.com

An Integrated System to Remotely Trigger Intracellular Signal Transduction by Upconversion Nanoparticle-mediated Kinase Photoactivation

Bu protokol için Kafesli protein kinaz A (PKA), hücresel sinyal iletim bioeffector bir nanopartikül yüzey üzerine immobilize sitozol microinjected ve upconverted UV yakın kızılötesi (Nur) ışınlama ışığı sayesinde inducing aşağı akım stres fiber dağılma sitozol içinde.

Hücre içi sinyal iletimi Upconversion nanopartikül aracılı kinaz Photoactivation tarafından uzaktan tetiklemek için entegre bir sistem

Upconversion nanoparticle (UCNP)-mediated photoactivation is a new approach to remotely control bioeffectors with much less phototoxicity and with deeper ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Bioengineering

Design of a Cyclic Pressure Bioreactor for the Ex Vivo Study of Aortic Heart Valves

Design of a Cyclic Pressure Bioreactor for the Ex Vivo Study of Aortic Heart Valves

Devirli Basınç Biyoreaktör Tasarım Ex vivo</emAort Kalp Vanalar> Eğitim

The aortic valve, located between the left ventricle and the aorta, allows for unidirectional blood flow, preventing backflow into the ventricle. Aortic ...

An Experimental System to Study Mechanotransduction in Fetal Lung Cells

Fetal Akciğer Hücrelerinde Mechanotransduction Okumak Deneysel Bir Sistem

Mechanical forces generated in utero by repetitive breathing-like movements and by fluid distension are critical for normal lung development. A key ...

A Full Skin Defect Model to Evaluate Vascularization of Biomaterials In Vivo

A Full Skin Defect Model to Evaluate Vascularization of Biomaterials In Vivo

A Tam Cilt Hata Modeli Biyomateryallerin vaskülarizasyonunu değerlendirin<em&gt; In Vivo</em

Insufficient vascularization is considered to be one of the main factors limiting the clinical success of tissue-engineered constructs. In order to ...

3D Orbital Tracking in a Modified Two-photon Microscope: An Application to the Tracking of Intracellular Vesicles

Modifiye İki foton mikroskop 3D Orbital Takip: Hücre içi veziküllerin İzlemeye Bir Uygulama

The objective of this video protocol is to discuss how to perform and analyze a three-dimensional fluorescent orbital particle tracking experiment using a ...

Fabrication and Validation of an Organ-on-chip System with Integrated Electrodes to Directly Quantify Transendothelial Electrical Resistance

İmalat ve Organ-on-chip sistemin doğrudan Transendothelial elektrik direncini ölçmek için entegre elektrotlar ile doğrulama

Organs-on-chips, in vitro models involving the culture of (human) tissues inside microfluidic devices, are rapidly emerging and promise to provide useful ...

An Orbital Shaking Culture of Mammalian Cells in O-shaped Vessels to Produce Uniform Aggregates

Memeli hücre kültür Tekdüzen toplamları üretmek için O şeklindeki damarlarının sallayarak bir Orbital

Suspension cultures of mammalian cell aggregates are required for various applications in medical and biotechnological fields. The disposable bag-based ...

A Novel Surgical Technique As a Foundation for In Vivo Partial Liver Engineering in Rat

A Novel Surgical Technique As a Foundation for In Vivo Partial Liver Engineering in Rat

Sıçan Vivo içinde kısmi karaciğer Dairesi'nde için bir temel olarak yeni bir cerrahi teknik

Organ engineering is a novel strategy to generate liver organ substitutes that can potentially be used in transplantation. Recently, in vivo liver ...

Protein Kinase C-delta Inhibitor Peptide Formulation using Gold Nanoparticles

Protein kinaz C-delta inhibitör peptid formülasyonu altın nano tanecikleri kullanarak

Protein kinase C-delta inhibitor (PKC&#948;i) is a promising drug to prevent ischemia-reperfusion-induced organ injury. It is usually conjugated to a ...

Detection of Endotoxin in Nano-formulations Using Limulus Amoebocyte Lysate (LAL) Assays

Detection of Endotoxin in Nano-formulations Using Limulus Amoebocyte Lysate LAL Assays

Nano-formülasyonları endotoksin tespiti Limulus Amoebocyte Lysate (LAL) deneyleri kullanarak

When present in pharmaceutical products, a Gram-negative bacterial cell wall component endotoxin (often also called lipopolysaccharide) can cause ...

Generating a Fractal Microstructure of Laminin-111 to Signal to Cells

Laminin-111 (Ln1) is an essential part of the extracellular matrix in epithelia, muscle and neural systems. We have previously demonstrated that the ...