Name: microcrystallography of protein crystals and in cellulo diffraction
Uploaded: 2017-07-21T14:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Microcrystallography of Protein Crystals and In Cellulo Diffraction at JoVE.com

Yazarlar, Avustralya Synchrotron&#39;un MX2 beamline&#39;ında destek için saflaştırılmış mikro kristaller, Daniel Eriksson ve Tom Caradoc-Davies, ve Monash Üniversitesi&#39;ndeki FlowCore tesisindeki Kathryn Flanagan ve Andrew Fryga&#39;nın resimlerinin sağlanması için Chan-Sien Lay&#39;i onaylamak istiyorlar. Paha biçilmez yardım.

Not: İn vivo kristalizasyon, bakteri, maya, bitkiler, böcekler ve memeliler de dahil olmak üzere birçok organizmada bildirilmiştir (referans 21&#39;de gözden geçirilmiştir). Ayrıca, memeli hücrelerinin geçici transfeksiyonunu ve böcek hücrelerinin bakulovirüs enfeksiyonunu kullanarak laboratuarda rekombinant proteinlerin kristalleştirilmesi sağlanmıştır. Aşağıdaki protokol, referans 22&#39;de verilen talimatlara uygun olarak üretilen, bakulo...

<ol>
	<li>Tari, L. W. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+utility+of+structural+biology+in+drug+discovery.">The utility of structural biology in drug discovery.</a> Methods Mol Bio (Clifton, N.J). 841, 1-27 (2012).</li><li>Gati, C., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Serial+crystallography+on+in+vivo+grown+microcrystals+using+synchrotron+radiation.">Serial crystallography on in vivo grown microcrystals using synchrotron radiation.</a> IUCrJ. 1 (2), (2014).</li><li>Redecke, L., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Natively+inhibited+Trypanosoma+brucei+cathepsin+B+structure+determined+by+using+an+X-ray+laser.">Natively inhibited Trypanosoma brucei cathepsin B structure determined by using an X-ray laser.</a> Science. 339 (2013), 227-230 (2013).</li><li>Shi, D., Nannenga, B. L., Iadanza, M. G., Gonen, T. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Three-dimensional+electron+crystallography+of+protein+microcrystals.">Three-dimensional electron crystallography of protein microcrystals.</a> eLife. 2, e01345 (2013).</li><li>Evans, G., Axford, D., Waterman, D., Owen, R. L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Macromolecular+microcrystallography.">Macromolecular microcrystallography.</a> Crystallog. Rev. 17 (2), 105-142 (2011).</li><li>Smith, J. L., Fischetti, R. F., Yamamoto, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Micro-crystallography+comes+of+age.">Micro-crystallography comes of age.</a> Curr Opin Struct Biol. 22 (5), 602-612 (2012).</li><li>Boudes, M., Garriga, D., Coulibaly, F. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Reflections+on+the+Many+Facets+of+Protein+Microcrystallography.">Reflections on the Many Facets of Protein Microcrystallography.</a> Aust J Chem. 67 (12), 1793-1806 (2014).</li><li>Nelson, R., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Structure+of+the+cross-beta+spine+of+amyloid-like+fibrils.">Structure of the cross-beta spine of amyloid-like fibrils.</a> Nature. 435 (7043), 773-778 (2005).</li><li>Coulibaly, F., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+molecular+organization+of+cypovirus+polyhedra.">The molecular organization of cypovirus polyhedra.</a> Nature. 446 (7131), 97-101 (2007).</li><li>Coulibaly, F., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+atomic+structure+of+baculovirus+polyhedra+reveals+the+independent+emergence+of+infectious+crystals+in+DNA+and+RNA+viruses.">The atomic structure of baculovirus polyhedra reveals the independent emergence of infectious crystals in DNA and RNA viruses.</a> Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 106 (52), 22205-22210 (2009).</li><li>Johansson, L. C., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Structure+of+a+photosynthetic+reaction+centre+determined+by+serial+femtosecond+crystallography.">Structure of a photosynthetic reaction centre determined by serial femtosecond crystallography.</a> Nat Comm. 4, (2013).</li><li>Li, D., Boland, C., Aragao, D., Walsh, K., Caffrey, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Harvesting+and+Cryo-cooling+Crystals+of+Membrane+Proteins+Grown+in+Lipidic+Mesophases+for+Structure+Determination+by+Macromolecular+Crystallography.">Harvesting and Cryo-cooling Crystals of Membrane Proteins Grown in Lipidic Mesophases for Structure Determination by Macromolecular Crystallography.</a> J Vis Exp. (67), (2012).</li><li>Roedig, P., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+micro-patterned+silicon+chip+as+sample+holder+for+macromolecular+crystallography+experiments+with+minimal+background+scattering.">A micro-patterned silicon chip as sample holder for macromolecular crystallography experiments with minimal background scattering.</a> Sci Rep. 5, 10451 (2015).</li><li>Koopmann, R., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=In+vivo+protein+crystallization+opens+new+routes+in+structural+biology.">In vivo protein crystallization opens new routes in structural biology.</a> Nature Methods. 9 (3), 259-262 (2012).</li><li>Gallat, F. -. X., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=In+vivo+crystallography+at+X-ray+free-electron+lasers:+the+next+generation+of+structural+biology.">In vivo crystallography at X-ray free-electron lasers: the next generation of structural biology.</a> Phil Trans R Soc B. 369 (1647), 20130497 (2014).</li><li>Duszenko, M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=In+vivo+protein+crystallization+in+combination+with+highly+brilliant+radiation+sources+offers+novel+opportunities+for+the+structural+analysis+of+post-translationally+modified+eukaryotic+proteins.">In vivo protein crystallization in combination with highly brilliant radiation sources offers novel opportunities for the structural analysis of post-translationally modified eukaryotic proteins.</a> Acta Cryst. F. 71 (8), 929-937 (2015).</li><li>Axford, D., Ji, X., Stuart, D. I., Sutton, G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=In+cellulo+structure+determination+of+a+novel+cypovirus+polyhedrin.">In cellulo structure determination of a novel cypovirus polyhedrin.</a> Acta Cryst D. 70 (5), 1435-1441 (2014).</li><li>Sawaya, M. R., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Protein+crystal+structure+obtained+at+2.9+&#197;+resolution+from+injecting+bacterial+cells+into+an+X-ray+free-electron+laser+beam.">Protein crystal structure obtained at 2.9 &#197; resolution from injecting bacterial cells into an X-ray free-electron laser beam.</a> Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 111 (35), 12769-12774 (2014).</li><li>Tsutsui, H., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+Diffraction-Quality+Protein+Crystal+Processed+as+an+Autophagic+Cargo.">A Diffraction-Quality Protein Crystal Processed as an Autophagic Cargo.</a> Mol Cell. 58 (1), 186-193 (2015).</li><li>Boudes, M., Garriga, D., Fryga, A., Caradoc-Davies, T., Coulibaly, F. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+pipeline+for+structure+determination+of+in+vivo-grown+crystals+using+in+cellulo+diffraction.">A pipeline for structure determination of in vivo-grown crystals using in cellulo diffraction.</a> Acta Cryst D. 72, 576-585 (2016).</li><li>Doye, J. P. K., Poon, W. C. K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Protein+crystallization+in+vivo.">Protein crystallization in vivo.</a> Curr Opin Colloid Interface Sci. 11 (1), 40-46 (2006).</li><li>Mori, H., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Expression+of+Bombyx+mori+cytoplasmic+polyhedrosis+virus+polyhedrin+in+insect+cells+by+using+a+baculovirus+expression+vector,+and+its+assembly+into+polyhedra.">Expression of Bombyx mori cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus polyhedrin in insect cells by using a baculovirus expression vector, and its assembly into polyhedra.</a> J Gen Virol. 74, 99-102 (1993).</li><li>Arevalo, M. T., Wong, T. M., Ross, T. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Expression+and+Purification+of+Virus-like+Particles+for+Vaccination.">Expression and Purification of Virus-like Particles for Vaccination.</a> J Vis Exp. (112), (2016).</li><li>Yates, L. A., Gilbert, R. J. C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Efficient+Production+and+Purification+of+Recombinant+Murine+Kindlin-3+from+Insect+Cells+for+Biophysical+Studies.">Efficient Production and Purification of Recombinant Murine Kindlin-3 from Insect Cells for Biophysical Studies.</a> J Vis Exp. (85), (2014).</li><li>Berger, I., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+MultiBac+Protein+Complex+Production+Platform+at+the+EMBL.">The MultiBac Protein Complex Production Platform at the EMBL.</a> J Vis Exp. (77), (2013).</li><li>Margine, I., Palese, P., Krammer, F. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Expression+of+Functional+Recombinant+Hemagglutinin+and+Neuraminidase+Proteins+from+the+Novel+H7N9+Influenza+Virus+Using+the+Baculovirus+Expression+System.">Expression of Functional Recombinant Hemagglutinin and Neuraminidase Proteins from the Novel H7N9 Influenza Virus Using the Baculovirus Expression System.</a> J Vis Exp. (81), (2013).</li><li>Khurana, A., Kronenberg, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+Method+For+Production+of+Recombinant+mCD1d+Protein+in+Insect+Cells.">A Method For Production of Recombinant mCD1d Protein in Insect Cells.</a> J Vis Exp. (10), (2007).</li><li>Ricardo, R., Phelan, K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Counting+and+Determining+the+Viability+of+Cultured+Cells.">Counting and Determining the Viability of Cultured Cells.</a> J Vis Exp. (16), (2008).</li><li>Baskaran, Y., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=An+in+cellulo-derived+structure+of+PAK4+in+complex+with+its+inhibitor+Inka1.">An in cellulo-derived structure of PAK4 in complex with its inhibitor Inka1.</a> Nat Comm. 6, 1-11 (2015).</li><li>Armour, B. L., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Multi-target+Parallel+Processing+Approach+for+Gene-to-structure+Determination+of+the+Influenza+Polymerase+PB2+Subunit.">Multi-target Parallel Processing Approach for Gene-to-structure Determination of the Influenza Polymerase PB2 Subunit.</a> J Vis Exp. (76), (2013).</li><li>Otwinowski, Z., Minor, W. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Processing+of+X-ray+diffraction+data+collected+in+oscillation+mode.">Processing of X-ray diffraction data collected in oscillation mode.</a> Methods Enzymol. 276, 307-326 (1997).</li><li>Battye, T. G. G., Kontogiannis, L., Johnson, O., Powell, H. R., Leslie, A. G. W. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=iMOSFLM:+a+new+graphical+interface+for+diffraction-image+processing+with+MOSFLM.">iMOSFLM: a new graphical interface for diffraction-image processing with MOSFLM.</a> Acta Cryst D. 67, 271-281 (2011).</li><li>Kabsch, W. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=XDS.">XDS.</a> Acta Cryst D. 66, 125-132 (2010).</li><li>French, S., Wilson, K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=On+the+treatment+of+negative+intensity+observations.">On the treatment of negative intensity observations.</a> Acta Cryst.A. 34, 517-525 (1978).</li><li>Winn, M. D., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Overview+of+the+CCP4+suite+and+current+developments.">Overview of the CCP4 suite and current developments.</a> Acta Cryst D. 67, 235-242 (2011).</li><li>Foadi, J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Clustering+procedures+for+the+optimal+selection+of+data+sets+from+multiple+crystals+in+macromolecular+crystallography.">Clustering procedures for the optimal selection of data sets from multiple crystals in macromolecular crystallography.</a> Acta Cryst D. 69 (8), 1617-1632 (2013).</li><li>Rey, F. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Virology:+holed+up+in+a+natural+crystal.">Virology: holed up in a natural crystal.</a> Nature. 446 (7131), 35-37 (2007).</li><li>Sch&#246;nherr, R., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Real-time+investigation+of+dynamic+protein+crystallization+in+living+cells.">Real-time investigation of dynamic protein crystallization in living cells.</a> Struct Dyn. 2 (4), 041712 (2015).</li><li>Hasegawa, H., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=In+vivo+crystallization+of+human+IgG+in+the+endoplasmic+reticulum+of+engineered+Chinese+hamster+ovary+(CHO)+cells.">In vivo crystallization of human IgG in the endoplasmic reticulum of engineered Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells.</a> J Biol Chem. 286 (22), 19917-19931 (2011).</li><li>Ishchenko, A., Cherezov, V., Liu, W. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Preparation+and+Delivery+of+Protein+Microcrystals+in+Lipidic+Cubic+Phase+for+Serial+Femtosecond+Crystallography.">Preparation and Delivery of Protein Microcrystals in Lipidic Cubic Phase for Serial Femtosecond Crystallography.</a> J Vis Exp. (115), e54463 (2016).</li><li>Zander, U., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=MeshAndCollect:+an+automated+multi-crystal+data-collection+workflow+for+synchrotron+macromolecular+crystallography+beamlines.">MeshAndCollect: an automated multi-crystal data-collection workflow for synchrotron macromolecular crystallography beamlines.</a> Acta Cryst. D. 71, 2328-2343 (2015).</li><li>Fan, G. Y., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=In+vivo+calcineurin+crystals+formed+using+the+baculovirus+expression+system.">In vivo calcineurin crystals formed using the baculovirus expression system.</a> Micros Res Tech. 34 (1), 77-86 (1996).</li><li>Nass, K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=.">.</a> Investigation of protein structure determination using X-ray free-electron lasers. , (2013).</li></ol>

Bu protokol, geçmişte göz ardı edilen çok küçük kristallerin analizini kolaylaştırmak amacıyla mikro kristalleri analiz etmek için iki yaklaşım sunmaktadır. Mikrokristal arıtım için kritik adımlar Sunulan protokol, bir model sistem olarak Sf9 hücrelerinde eksprese edilen Bombyx mori CPV1 polihedrini kullanarak optimize edilmiştir. Bununla birlikte, in vivo mikro kristaller mekanik direnç açısından büyük bir değişkenliğe ...

Biyolojik makromoleküllerin yüksek çözünürlüklü yapılarının belirlenmesinde X-ışını kristalografisinin kullanımı, son yirmi yılda sürekli bir ilerleme kaydetti. Uzman olmayan araştırmacılar tarafından X-ışını kristalografisinin artan alımı, bu yaklaşımın birçok alanda 1 hayat bilimleri alanında demokratikleşmesini örneklendirmektedir 1 . Tarihsel olarak, ~ 10 μm altında boyutlardaki kristaller, yapı tespiti için kullanışlı olmasa da, zorlayıcı olarak kabul edilmiştir. Dünyadaki senkrotron ışın kaynakları ve mikro kristalleri idare eden aletlerin geliştirilmesi gibi teknolojik gelişmeler sayesinde özel mikro odaklı kirişlerin artan miktarda bulunması, X-ışını mikro-kristalografisinin geniş kullanımını engelleyen bu engellerin çoğunu ortadan kaldırdı. Seri X-ışını mikrokristalografisinde gelişmeler 2 , 3 ve mikro elektron kırınımı 4 haYapı tayini için mikro ve nanokristallerin kullanımının sadece mümkün olmadığı değil aynı zamanda bazen büyük kristaller 5 , 6 , 7&#39;nin kullanılmasına tercih edildiğini göstermiştir. Bu ilerlemeler ilk olarak peptitler 8 ve böcek virüsleri 9 , 10 tarafından üretilen doğal kristaller üzerine uygulanmıştır. Bunlar artık membran proteinleri ve büyük kompleksler gibi en zorlu sistemleri içeren biyolojik makromoleküllerin çeşitliliği için kullanılmaktadır 11 . Bu mikro kristallerin analizini kolaylaştırmak için meso , özellikle de membran proteinleri 12 ve mikroakışkan yongalar 13 içinde analiz edilmiştir. Bu yeni mikro-kristalografi yöntemlerinin varlığı ,In vitro kristalojeneze klasik bir alternatif sunan yapısal biyoloji 14 , 15 , 16 için yeni bir yol olarak in vivo kristalizasyon. Ne yazık ki, in vivo kristaller üretilse bile, hücrelerden arındırma sırasında ligandların bozulması veya kaybı, senkrotron beamline&#39;daki kristallerin manipülasyonu ve görüntülenmesindeki zorluklar ve sıkıcı X-ışını kırınım deneyleri gibi birçok engel kalmaktadır. Alternatif bir kristaller, herhangi bir saflaştırma adımı olmadan doğrudan hücre içinde analiz edilmiştir 17 , 18 , 19 . Karşılaştırmalı bir analizi cellulo yaklaşımlarında, saflaştırılmış kristallerin ve daha yüksek çözünürlük 20 verim verileri analizi daha etkili olabileceğini göstermektedir. Bu protokolProtein mikrokristalografisinde yeni araştırmacılara yardımcı olma eğilimindeydi. Bir sinkrotron beamline&#39;da X-ışını kırınımı deneyleri için örnek hazırlama ve manipülasyon üzerine odaklanan metodolojileri sağlar. Selüloz analizinde akış sitometrisi ile klasik mikrokristalografide veya kristal içeren hücreler için izole edilmiş kristaller kullanılarak iki seçenek önerilmiştir ( Şekil 1 ).

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="629">
	<colgroup>
		<col />
		<col />
		<col />
		<col />
	</colgroup>
	<tbody>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Sf9 cells</td>
			<td style="width:127px;">Life Technologies</td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td style="width:167px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">SF900-SFM insect medium</td>
			<td style="width:127px;">Life Technologies</td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:216px;">1L cell culture flask</td>
			<td style="width:127px;">Thermofisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:216px;">Shaking incubator for insect cell culture</td>
			<td style="width:127px;">Eppendorf</td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">50mL conical tubes</td>
			<td style="width:127px;">Falcon</td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:216px;">Centrifuge with swing buckets for 50mL tubes</td>
			<td style="width:127px;">Eppendorf</td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:216px;">Sonicator equiped with a 19mm probe</td>
			<td>MSE Soniprep 150&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:216px;">Glass slides</td>
			<td style="width:127px;">Hampton Research</td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Hemacytometer</td>
			<td style="width:127px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:216px;">Propidium iodide</td>
			<td style="width:127px;">Thermofisher Scientific</td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">BD Influx cell sorter&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:127px;">BD Biosciences</td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="42">
			<td height="42" style="height:42px;width:216px;">Hampton Heavy atom screens</td>
			<td style="width:127px;">Hampton Research</td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Microcentrifuge</td>
			<td style="width:127px;">Eppendorf</td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="105">
			<td height="105" style="height:105px;width:216px;">Micromesh</td>
			<td style="width:127px;">Mitigen</td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td style="width:167px;">700/25 meshes offer a larger surface. Indexed meshes can be purchased for systematic studies.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="147">
			<td height="147" style="height:147px;width:216px;">Paper wick</td>
			<td style="width:127px;">Mitigen</td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td style="width:167px;">The size of the paper wick can be varied for optimal flow. This will largely depend on the nature of the crystals and cryoprotectant used.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Ethylene glycol</td>
			<td style="width:127px;">Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:216px;">Trypan blue</td>
			<td style="width:127px;">Life Technologies</td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="231">
			<td height="231" style="height:231px;width:216px;">MX2 microfocus beamline</td>
			<td style="width:127px;">Australian Synchrotron</td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td style="width:167px;">A list of available microfocus beamlines can be found in Boudes et al. (2014) Reflections on the Many Facets of Protein 
			Microcrystallography. Australian Journal of Chemistry 67 (12), 1793&#8211;1806, 
			doi:10.1071/CH14455.</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

microcrystallography of protein crystals and in cellulo diffraction

Birçok sinkrotron tesisindeki yüksek kaliteli mikro odaklı ışın çizgilerinin ortaya çıkması, bir meydan okumayı temsil etmek için kullanılan en büyük boyutunda 10 μm&#39;den küçük kristallerin rutin analizine izin vermiştir. X-ışını kristalografisi ile protein mikrokristallerinin yapısı tespiti için in vivo olarak yetiştirilen kristaller üzerine odaklanılarak iki alternatif iş akışını sunuyoruz. Mikrokristaller sonikasyon ile hücrelerden ekstrakte edilir ve diferansiyel santrifüj ile saflaştırılır veya kristal içeren hücrelerin akış sitometrisi ile hücre tasnif edilmesinden sonra selülozda analiz edilir. İsteğe bağlı olarak, saflaştırılmış kristaller veya kristal içeren hücreler, deney aşamasında ağır atom çözeltilerine batırılır. Bu örnekler, mikrometre bir desteğe uygulama ve sıvı azotta flaş soğutması ile benzer şekilde difraksiyon deneyleri için hazırlanır. İzole edilmiş mikro kristallerin ve kristalin kırınım deneylerinin kısaca tanımlanması ve karşılaştırılmasıModel oluşturma ve iyileştirme için uygun veri kümeleri üretmek için bir mikrofocus sinkrotron beamline kullanan hücreler içerir. Bu iş akışları, böcek hücrelerinin bir rekombinant bakülovirüs ile enfekte edilmesiyle üretilen Bombyx mori cypovirus 1 (BmCPV1) polidrin kristalleriyle örneklendirilir. Bu vaka çalışmasında, selülo analizinde saflaştırılmış kristallerin analizinden daha verimlidir ve ekspresyondan arıtmaya kadar ~ 8 gün içinde bir yapı meydana getirir.

In vivo mikro kristalleri kullanarak yapı belirleme için her iki alternatif yöntemin bir özeti sunulmaktadır ( Şekil 1 ). Polyhedra, sonikasyon ve santrifüjleme ile kolaylıkla saflaştınlabilir. Yoğunluklarından ötürü, pipetle çıkarılabilen kalıntıların altındaki tüpün tabanında bir tabaka oluştururlar ( Şekil 3a ve 3b ). Numune daha sonra birkaç tur sonikasyona tabi tutulur v...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Microcrystallography of Protein Crystals and In Cellulo Diffraction at JoVE.com

Microcrystallography of Protein Crystals and In Cellulo Diffraction

Protein mikro kristalleri kullanılarak X-ışını kristalografisi için bir protokol sunulmuştur. Saflaştırmadan sonra ya da selüloda in vivo büyümüş mikrokristalleri analiz eden iki örnek karşılaştırılmıştır.

Protein Kristallerinin Mikrokristalografisi ve<em&gt; Selülozda</emKırınım

The advent of high-quality microfocus beamlines at many synchrotron facilities has permitted the routine analysis of crystals smaller than 10 &#181;m in ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Biochemistry

Microcrystallography of Protein Crystals and In Cellulo Diffraction

Growing Protein Crystals with Distinct Dimensions Using Automated Crystallization Coupled with In Situ Dynamic Light Scattering

Growing Protein Crystals with Distinct Dimensions Using Automated Crystallization Coupled with In Situ Dynamic Light Scattering

Situ dinamik ışık saçılma ile birleştiğinde kristalizasyon büyüyen Protein kristalleri kullanarak farklı boyutları ile otomatik

The automated crystallization device is a patented technique1 especially developed for monitoring protein crystallization experiments with the aim to ...

Measuring and Interpreting Oxygen Consumption Rates in Whole Fly Head Segments

Ölçme ve oksijen Tüketim oranları tamamen yorumlama kafa kesimleri sinek

Regulated metabolic activity is essential for the normal functioning of living cells. Indeed, altered metabolic activity is causally linked with the ...

High Sensitivity Measurement of Transcription Factor-DNA Binding Affinities by Competitive Titration Using Fluorescence Microscopy

Transkripsiyon faktörü-DNA bağlayıcı Affinities floresans mikroskobu kullanarak rekabet titrasyon tarafından yüksek hassasiyet ölçümü

Accurate quantification of transcription factor (TF)-DNA interactions is essential for understanding the regulation of gene expression. Since existing ...

Analysis of Protein Folding, Transport, and Degradation in Living Cells by Radioactive Pulse Chase

Protein katlanması, taşıma ve canlı hücreler radyoaktif darbe Chase tarafından bozulması Analizi

Radioactive pulse-chase labeling is a powerful tool for studying the conformational maturation, the transport to their functional cellular location, and ...

Fully Autonomous Characterization and Data Collection from Crystals of Biological Macromolecules

Tamamen Özerk karakterizasyonu ve biyolojik oluştururlar kristalleri üzerinden veri toplama

High-brilliance X-ray beams coupled with automation have&#160;led to the use of synchrotron-based macromolecular X-ray crystallography (MX) beamlines for ...

Application of Biolayer Interferometry (BLI) for Studying Protein-Protein Interactions in Transcription

Application of Biolayer Interferometry BLI for Studying Protein-Protein Interactions in Transcription

Transkripsiyon protein-protein etkileşimlerini Incelemek için Biolayer Interferometri (BLı) uygulaması

A transcription factor&#160;(TF) is a protein that regulates gene expression by interacting with the RNA polymerase, another TF, and/or template DNA. GrgA ...

Creating Highly Specific Chemically Induced Protein Dimerization Systems by Stepwise Phage Selection of a Combinatorial Single-Domain Antibody Library

Bir Kombinatoryal Tek Etki Alanı Antikor Kütüphanesi adım wise Faj Seçimi ile Son Derece Spesifik Kimyasal Kaynaklı Protein Dimerization Sistemleri Oluşturma

Protein dimerization events that occur only in the presence of a small-molecule ligand enable the development of small-molecule biosensors for the ...

Derivatization of Protein Crystals with I3C using Random Microseed Matrix Screening

Rastgele Mikrotohum Matris Taraması Ile Protein Kristallerinin I3C ile Türevleştirilmesi

Protein structure elucidation using X-ray crystallography requires both high quality diffracting crystals and computational solution of the diffraction ...

Optimizing the Growth of Endothiapepsin Crystals for Serial Crystallography Experiments

Seri Kristalografi Deneyleri için Endotiapepsin Kristallerinin Büyümesini Optimize Etme

Here, a protocol is presented to facilitate the creation of large volumes (&#62; 100 &#181;L) of micro-crystalline slurries suitable for serial ...

Microcrystal Electron Diffraction of Small Molecules

Küçük Moleküllerin Mikrokristal Elektron Kırınımı

A detailed protocol for preparing small molecule samples for microcrystal electron diffraction (MicroED) experiments is described. MicroED has been ...