Name: an experimental protocol for assessing the performance of new ultrasound probes based on cmut technology in application to brain imaging
Uploaded: 2017-09-24T13:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about An Experimental Protocol for Assessing the Performance of New Ultrasound Probes Based on CMUT Technology in Application to Brain Imaging at JoVE.com

Bu eser kısmen ulusal hükümetler ve hibe sözleşme numarası 324257 altında DeNeCoR ENIAC JU proje Avrupa Birliği tarafından desteklenmiştir. Yazarlar Prof. Giovanni Magenes, Prof. Piero Tortoli ve Dr Giosuè Caliano onların değerli destek, gözetim ve bu iş mümkün kılan anlayışlı yorum için teşekkür etmek istiyorum. Ayrıca Bay satın almalar için Prof. Egidio D'Angelo ve hareket takibi ve Bay araçları sağlamak için onun grubunu (gizli laboratuar), birlikte Fondazione Istituto Neurologico C. Mondino'nun ve Giancarlo Germani için minnettarız. Son olarak, Dr Nicoletta Caramia, Dr. Alessandro Dallai ve Bayan Barbara Mauti değerli teknik desteklerinden dolayı ve Bay Walter Volpi sığır beyin sağlamak için teşekkür etmek istiyorum.

Bu videoda gösterilen tüm biyolojik örnekler standart gıda tedarik zinciri elde edildi. Bu numunelerin ilgili kurumların etik ve güvenlik yönetmeliklerine uygun olarak tedavi etmiş.
 Not: Bu protokol 8 ana aşamaları şekil 4 diyagramında özetler. Etap 1-4 ABD resim alma başlangıcı ve aşamaları işleme önce sadece bir kez gerçekleştirilebilmesi için ilk faaliyetleri içerir. Bu ilk aşamaları aşağıdaki gibidir: 1. ön tasarım deneysel ku...

<ol>
	<li>Matrone, G., Savoia, A. S., Terenzi, M., Caliano, G., Quaglia, F., Magenes, G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+Volumetric+CMUT-Based+Ultrasound+Imaging+System+Simulator+With+Integrated+Reception+and+&#181;-Beamforming+Electronics+Models.">A Volumetric CMUT-Based Ultrasound Imaging System Simulator With Integrated Reception and &#181;-Beamforming Electronics Models.</a> IEEE Trans. Ultrason. Ferroelectr. Freq. Control. 61 (5), 792-804 (2014).</li><li>Pappalardo, M., Caliano, G., Savoia, A. S., Caronti, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=.">.</a> Micromachined ultrasonic transducers. Piezoelectric and Acoustic Materials for Transducer Applications. , 453-478 (2008).</li><li>Oralkan, O. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Capacitive+micromachined+ultrasonic+transducers:+Next-generation+arrays+for+acoustic+imaging?.">Capacitive micromachined ultrasonic transducers: Next-generation arrays for acoustic imaging?.</a> IEEE Trans. Ultrason. Ferroelectr. Freq. Control. 49 (11), 1596-1610 (2002).</li><li>Savoia, A., Caliano, G., Pappalardo, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+CMUT+probe+for+medical+ultrasonography:+From+microfabrication+to+system+integration.">A CMUT probe for medical ultrasonography: From microfabrication to system integration.</a> IEEE Trans. Ultrason. Ferroelectr. Freq. Control. 59 (6), 1127-1138 (2012).</li><li>Ramalli, A., Boni, E., Savoia, A. S., Tortoli, P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Density-tapered+spiral+arrays+for+ultrasound+3-D+imaging.">Density-tapered spiral arrays for ultrasound 3-D imaging.</a> IEEE Trans. Ultrason. Ferroelectr. Freq. Control. 62 (8), 1580-1588 (2015).</li><li>Lazebnik, R. S., Lancaster, T. L., Breen, M. S., Lewin, J. S., Wilson, D. L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Volume+registration+using+needle+paths+and+point+landmarks+for+evaluation+of+interventional+MRI+treatments.">Volume registration using needle paths and point landmarks for evaluation of interventional MRI treatments.</a> IEEE Trans. Med. Imag. 22 (5), 653-660 (2003).</li><li>Dawe, R. J., Bennett, D. A., Schneider, J. A., Vasireddi, S. K., Arfanakis, K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Postmortem+MRI+of+human+brain+hemispheres:+T2+relaxation+times+during+formaldehyde+fixation.">Postmortem MRI of human brain hemispheres: T2 relaxation times during formaldehyde fixation.</a> Magn. Reson. Med. 61 (4), 810-818 (2009).</li><li>Chen, S. J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=An+anthropomorphic+polyvinyl+alcohol+brain+phantom+based+on+Colin27+for+use+in+multimodal+imaging.">An anthropomorphic polyvinyl alcohol brain phantom based on Colin27 for use in multimodal imaging.</a> Mag. Res. Phys. 39 (1), 554-561 (2012).</li><li>Farrer, A. I. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Characterization+and+evaluation+of+tissue-mimicking+gelatin+phantoms+for+use+with+MRgFUS.">Characterization and evaluation of tissue-mimicking gelatin phantoms for use with MRgFUS.</a> J. Ther. Ultrasound. 3 (9), (2015).</li><li>Choe, A. S., Gao, Y., Li, X., Compton, K. B., Stepniewska, I., Anderson, A. W. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Accuracy+of+image+registration+between+MRI+and+light+microscopy+in+the+ex+vivo+brain.">Accuracy of image registration between MRI and light microscopy in the ex vivo brain.</a> Magn. Reson. Imaging. 29 (5), 683-692 (2011).</li><li>Gobbi, D. G., Comeau, R. M., Peters, T. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Ultrasound+probe+tracking+for+real-time+ultrasound/MRI+overlay+and+visualization+of+brain+shift.">Ultrasound probe tracking for real-time ultrasound/MRI overlay and visualization of brain shift.</a> Int. Conf. Med. Image Comput. Comput. Assist. Interv (MICCAI) n. 920, 927 (1999).</li><li>Ternifi, R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Ultrasound+measurements+of+brain+tissue+pulsatility+correlate+with+the+volume+of+MRI+white-matter+hyperintensity.">Ultrasound measurements of brain tissue pulsatility correlate with the volume of MRI white-matter hyperintensity.</a> J. Cereb. Blood Flow. Metab. 34 (6), 942-944 (2014).</li><li>Unsgaard, G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Neuronavigation+by+Intraoperative+Three-dimensional+Ultrasound:+Initial+Experience+during+Brain+Tumor+Resection.">Neuronavigation by Intraoperative Three-dimensional Ultrasound: Initial Experience during Brain Tumor Resection.</a> Neurosurgery. 50 (4), 804-812 (2002).</li><li>Pfefferbaum, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Postmortem+MR+imaging+of+formalin-fixed+human+brain.">Postmortem MR imaging of formalin-fixed human brain.</a> NeuroImage. 21 (4), 1585-1595 (2004).</li><li>Schulz, G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Three-dimensional+strain+fields+in+human+brain+resulting+from+formalin+fixation.">Three-dimensional strain fields in human brain resulting from formalin fixation.</a> J. Neurosci. Meth. 202 (1), 17-27 (2011).</li><li>Ahrens, J., Geveci, B., Law, C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=ParaView:+An+End-User+Tool+for+Large+Data+Visualization.">ParaView: An End-User Tool for Large Data Visualization.</a> Visualization Handbook. , (2005).</li><li>Cloutier, G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+multimodality+vascular+imaging+phantom+with+fiducial+markers+visible+in+DSA,+CTA,+MRA,+and+ultrasound.">A multimodality vascular imaging phantom with fiducial markers visible in DSA, CTA, MRA, and ultrasound.</a> Med. Phys. 31 (6), 1424-1433 (2004).</li><li>Boni, E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+reconfigurable+and+programmable+FPGA-based+system+for+nonstandard+ultrasound+methods.">A reconfigurable and programmable FPGA-based system for nonstandard ultrasound methods.</a> IEEE Trans. Ultrason. Ferroelectr. Freq. Control. 59 (7), 1378-1385 (2012).</li><li>Bagolini, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=PECVD+low+stress+silicon+nitride+analysis+and+optimization+for+the+fabrication+of+CMUT+devices.">PECVD low stress silicon nitride analysis and optimization for the fabrication of CMUT devices.</a> J. Micromech. Microeng. 25 (1), (2015).</li><li>Savoia, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Design+and+fabrication+of+a+cMUT+probe+for+ultrasound+imaging+of+fingerprints.">Design and fabrication of a cMUT probe for ultrasound imaging of fingerprints.</a> Proc. IEEE Int. Ultrasonics Symp. , 1877-1880 (2010).</li><li>Fenster, A., Downey, D. B. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Three-dimensional+ultrasound+imaging.">Three-dimensional ultrasound imaging.</a> Annu. Rev. Biomed. Eng. 2, 457-475 (2000).</li><li>Matrone, G., Ramalli, A., Savoia, A. S., Tortoli, P., Magenes, G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=High+Frame-Rate,+High+Resolution+Ultrasound+Imaging+with+Multi-Line+Transmission+and+Filtered-Delay+Multiply+And+Sum+Beamforming.">High Frame-Rate, High Resolution Ultrasound Imaging with Multi-Line Transmission and Filtered-Delay Multiply And Sum Beamforming.</a> IEEE Trans. Med. Imag. 36 (2), 478-486 (2017).</li><li>Matrone, G., Savoia, A. S., Caliano, G., Magenes, G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Depth-of-field+enhancement+in+Filtered-Delay+Multiply+and+Sum+beamformed+images+using+Synthetic+Aperture+Focusing.">Depth-of-field enhancement in Filtered-Delay Multiply and Sum beamformed images using Synthetic Aperture Focusing.</a> Ultrasonics. 75, 216-225 (2017).</li><li>Boni, E., Cellai, A., Ramalli, A., Tortoli, P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+high+performance+board+for+acquisition+of+64-channel+ultrasound+RF+data.">A high performance board for acquisition of 64-channel ultrasound RF data.</a> Proc. IEEE Int. Ultrasonics Symp. , 2067-2070 (2012).</li><li>Matrone, G., Savoia, A. S., Caliano, G., Magenes, G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+Delay+Multiply+and+Sum+beamforming+algorithm+in+medical+ultrasound+imaging.">The Delay Multiply and Sum beamforming algorithm in medical ultrasound imaging.</a> IEEE Trans. Med. Imag. 34, 940-949 (2015).</li><li>Savoia, A. S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Improved+lateral+resolution+and+contrast+in+ultrasound+imaging+using+a+sidelobe+masking+technique.">Improved lateral resolution and contrast in ultrasound imaging using a sidelobe masking technique.</a> Proc. IEEE Int. Ultrasonics Symp. , 1682-1685 (2014).</li><li>Gy&#246;ngy, G., Makra, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Experimental+validation+of+a+convolution-+based+ultrasound+image+formation+model+using+a+planar+arrangement+of+micrometer-scale+scatterers.">Experimental validation of a convolution- based ultrasound image formation model using a planar arrangement of micrometer-scale scatterers.</a> IEEE Trans. Ultrason. Ferroelectr. Freq. Control. 62 (6), 1211-1219 (2015).</li><li>Shapoori, K., Sadler, J., Wydra, A., Malyarenko, E. V., Sinclair, A. N., Maev, R. G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=An+Ultrasonic-Adaptive+Beamforming+Method+and+Its+Application+for+Trans-skull+Imaging+of+Certain+Types+of+Head+Injuries;+Part+I:+Transmission+Mode.">An Ultrasonic-Adaptive Beamforming Method and Its Application for Trans-skull Imaging of Certain Types of Head Injuries; Part I: Transmission Mode.</a> IEEE Trans. Biomed. Eng. 62 (5), 1253-1264 (2015).</li><li>Salles, S., Liebgott, H., Basset, O., Cachard, C., Vray, D., Lavarello, R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Experimental+evaluation+of+spectral-based+quantitative+ultrasound+imaging+using+plane+wave+compounding.">Experimental evaluation of spectral-based quantitative ultrasound imaging using plane wave compounding.</a> IEEE Trans. Ultrason. Ferroelectr. Freq. Control. 61 (11), 1824-1834 (2014).</li><li>Alessandrini, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+New+Technique+for+the+Estimation+of+Cardiac+Motion+in+Echocardiography+Based+on+Transverse+Oscillations:+A+Preliminary+Evaluation+In+Silico+and+a+Feasibility+Demonstration+In+Vivo.">A New Technique for the Estimation of Cardiac Motion in Echocardiography Based on Transverse Oscillations: A Preliminary Evaluation In Silico and a Feasibility Demonstration In Vivo.</a> IEEE Trans. Med. Imag. 33 (5), 1148-1162 (2014).</li><li>Ramalli, A., Basset, O., Cachard, C., Boni, E., Tortoli, P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Frequency-domain-based+strain+estimation+and+high-frame-rate+imaging+for+quasi-static+elastography.">Frequency-domain-based strain estimation and high-frame-rate imaging for quasi-static elastography.</a> IEEE Trans. Ultrason. Ferroelectr. Freq. Control. 59 (4), 817-824 (2012).</li><li>Markley, F. L., Cheng, Y., Crassidis, J. L., Oshman, Y. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Averaging+quaternions.">Averaging quaternions.</a> J. Guid. Cont. Dyn. 30 (4), 1193-1197 (2007).</li><li>Dorst, L., Fontijne, D., Mann, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=.">.</a> Geometric Algebra for Computer Science. An Object-oriented Approach to Geometry. , (2007).</li><li>Horn, B. K. P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Closed-form+solution+of+absolute+orientation+using+unit+quaternions.">Closed-form solution of absolute orientation using unit quaternions.</a> J. Opt. Soc. Am. A. 4 (4), 629-642 (1987).</li></ol>

Çeşitli eserler benzer veya sunulan protokolü ile ilgili teknikleri açıklayan edebiyat sunulmuştur. Bu teknikler de dahil olmak üzere sabit hayvan veya kadavra beyin, gerçekçi hedefler kullan seçeneğine göre ama esas olarak çeşitli tür dijital kayıt yöntemleri test etmek için tasarlanmış.
Burada, açıklanan protokol ancak, ABD probları farklı konfigürasyonlarda gelişme erken aşamalarında test belirli bir amacı vardır ve bu nedenle, tekrarlanabilirlik satın alma, y...

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="925">
	<tbody>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:240px;">ULA-OP</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">University of Florence</td>
			<td style="width:104px;">N/A</td>
			<td style="width:415px;">Ultrasound imaging research system</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:240px;">3D imaging piezeoelectric probe</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">Esaote s.p.a.</td>
			<td style="width:104px;">9600195000</td>
			<td>Mechanically-swept 3D ultrasound probe, model BL-433</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:240px;">Linear-array piezoelectric probe</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">Esaote s.p.a.</td>
			<td style="width:104px;">122001100</td>
			<td>Ultrasound linear array probe, model LA-533</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:240px;">CMUT probe</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">University Roma Tre</td>
			<td style="width:104px;">N/A</td>
			<td>Ultrasound linear array probe based on CMUT technology</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:240px;">MAGNETOM Skyra 3T MR scanner</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">Siemens Healthcare</td>
			<td style="width:104px;">N/A</td>
			<td>MR scanner</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:240px;">Head coil</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">Siemens Healthcare</td>
			<td style="width:104px;">N/A</td>
			<td>32-channel head coil for MR imaging</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:240px;">NDI Polaris Vicra</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">NDI Medical</td>
			<td style="width:104px;">8700335001</td>
			<td>Optical motion tracking system</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:240px;">Pointer tool</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">NDI Medical</td>
			<td style="width:104px;">8700340</td>
			<td>Passive pointer tool with 4 reflecting markers</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:240px;">Clamp-equipped tool</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">NDI Medical</td>
			<td style="width:104px;">8700399</td>
			<td>Rigid body with 4 reflecting markers and a clamp to be connected to the US probe handle</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:240px;">Bovine brain</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">N/A</td>
			<td style="width:104px;">N/A</td>
			<td>Brain of an adult bovine, from food suppliers</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:240px;">Formalin solution</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">N/A</td>
			<td style="width:104px;">N/A</td>
			<td>10% buffered formalin solution for bovine brain fixation - CAUTION, formalin is a toxic chemical substance and must be handled with care; specific regulations may also apply (see for instance US OSHA Standard 1910.1048 App A)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:240px;">Plastic container for anatomical parts</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">N/A</td>
			<td style="width:104px;">N/A</td>
			<td>Cilindrical plastic container with lid</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:240px;">Glass spheres</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">N/A</td>
			<td style="width:104px;">N/A</td>
			<td>3mm diameter spheres of Flint glass</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:240px;">Agar</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">N/A</td>
			<td style="width:104px;">N/A</td>
			<td>30 g, for phantom preparation</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:240px;">Glycerine</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">AEFFE Farmaceutici</td>
			<td style="width:104px;">A908005248</td>
			<td>100 g, for phantom preparation</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:240px;">Distilled water</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">Solbat Gaysol</td>
			<td style="width:104px;">8027391000015</td>
			<td>870 g, for phantom preparation</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:240px;">Beaker</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">N/A</td>
			<td style="width:104px;">N/A</td>
			<td>Beaker used for the diluition of glycerine and agar in distilled water</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:240px;">Lysoform</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">Lever</td>
			<td style="width:104px;">8000680500014</td>
			<td>A benzalkonium chloride and water solution was used for the agar phantom preservation</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:240px;">Polystyrene mannequin head</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">N/A</td>
			<td style="width:104px;">N/A</td>
			<td>Polyestirene model which was cutted and used to design the configuration of spheres&#39;patterns</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Green tissue marking dye for histology</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">N/A</td>
			<td style="width:104px;">N/A</td>
			<td>Colour used to mark the glass spheres&#39; positions on the bovine brain surface</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:240px;">Yellow enamel</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">N/A</td>
			<td style="width:104px;">N/A</td>
			<td>Enamel used to colour the glass spheres implanted in the agar phantom</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:240px;">Water tank</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">N/A</td>
			<td style="width:104px;">N/A</td>
			<td>50x50x30 cm plastic tank filled degassed water up to a 15cm height&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:240px;">Mechanical arm</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">Esaote s.p.a.</td>
			<td style="width:104px;">N/A</td>
			<td>Mechanical arm clamped to the water tank border and used to held the probe in fixed positions</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:240px;">Plate of synthetic resin</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">N/A</td>
			<td style="width:104px;">N/A</td>
			<td>Plate used as a support for the bovine brain positioning in the water tank</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:240px;">Sewing threads</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">N/A</td>
			<td style="width:104px;">N/A</td>
			<td>Sewing thread segments used to immobilize the brain on the resin plate</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:240px;">Adhesive tape</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">N/A</td>
			<td style="width:104px;">N/A</td>
			<td>Adhesive tape used to fix the sewing thread extremities onto the resin plate</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:240px;">Plastic food container</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">N/A</td>
			<td style="width:104px;">N/A</td>
			<td>Sealed food container used for the agar phantom</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:240px;">Notebook</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">Lenovo</td>
			<td style="width:104px;">Z50-70</td>
			<td>Lenovo&#160; Z50-70, Intel(R) Core i7-4510U @ 2.0 GHz, 8 GB RAM</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:240px;">Workstation</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">Dell Inc.</td>
			<td style="width:104px;">T5810</td>
			<td>Intel(R) Xeon(R) CPU E3-1240v3 @ 3.40 GHz, 16 GB RAM</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:240px;">Matlab</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">The MathWorks</td>
			<td style="width:104px;">R2013a</td>
			<td>Software tool, used for space transformation computation and 3D reconstruction from image planes</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:240px;">Paraview</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">Kitware Inc.</td>
			<td style="width:104px;">v. 4.4.1</td>
			<td>Open-source software for 3D image processing and visualization</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:240px;">NDI Toolbox - ToolTracker Utility</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">NDI Medical</td>
			<td style="width:104px;">v. 4.007.007</td>
			<td>Software for marker position visualization and tracking in the NDI Polaris Vicra measurement volume</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:240px;">C++ data-logging software</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">NDI Medical</td>
			<td style="width:104px;">v. 4.007.007</td>
			<td>Software for marker position recording on a text log file</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:240px;">ULA-OP software&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:167px;">University of Florence</td>
			<td style="width:104px;">N/A</td>
			<td>Software for real-time display and control of the ULA-OP system</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

an experimental protocol for assessing the performance of new ultrasound probes based on cmut technology in application to brain imaging

Erken ve yinelenebilir bir değerlendirme performans görüntüleme gerçekleştirmek için olasılık tasarımında temel ve geliştirme süreci yeni ultrason (bizi) probları. Özellikle, daha gerçekçi bir analiz uygulamaya özel görüntüleme hedefleri olan ABD probları uygulama kendi potansiyel klinik alanında beklenen performansını değerlendirmek için son derece değerli olabilir.
Bu çalışmada sunulan deneysel protokol bilerek bir uygulamaya özel değerlendirme yordamı için yeni gelişmiş bize sağlamak için tasarlanmıştır sonda kapasitif Micromachined ultrasonik güç çeviricisi (CMUT) teknolojisi ile ilgili olarak tabanlı prototipler beyin görüntüleme.
Protokol gerçekçilik ve tekrarlanabilirlik açıklanan yordamları ve Nöroşirürji ödünç neuronavigation teknikleri sağlar görüntüleme hedef olarak formalin içinde sabit bir sığır beyin kullanımı birleştiriyor. ABD prob aslında bir hareket konum verileri edinme ve beyin manyetik rezonans (MR) görüntüleri başvurmak için ABD görüntülerin süperpozisyon sağlar sistemini izleme bağlıdır. Bu insan uzmanlar görsel bir nitel değerlendirme performans görüntüleme ABD inceleyebilirsek gerçekleştirmek için ve farklı probları ile yapılan satın almalar karşılaştırmak için bir araç sunar. Ayrıca, protokol ABD resim alma, Yani tam ve açık bir araştırma ve geliştirme sistemi kullanımına ultrason gelişmiş açık Platform (ULA-OP) tarayıcı dayanmaktadır.
El yazması aletleri ve yordamlar iletişim kuralında, kalibrasyon, resim alma ve ABD ve Bay görüntülerin kayıt için özellikle söz konusu ayrıntılı olarak anlatılmaktadır. Elde edilen sonuçları tamamen (sınırları araçları dahil), yinelenebilir açın ve satın alma ve işleme faaliyetleri ABD görüntüler için tüm kümesini kapsayan genel protokol sundu, etkinliğini kanıtlamak.

Ana sonucu açıklanan protokolü üzerinden elde bir etkili ve tekrarlanabilir değerlendirme yordamı deneysel doğrulamak için 2D ve 3D görüntüleme yetenekleri bizim prototip beyin için potansiyel uygulamasında CMUT teknolojisi tabanlı yoklama görüntüleme. Açıklanan protokol adımları uygulamadan sonra bir uzman daha sonra görsel içeriğini karşılaştırmak için görselleştirme yazılım fonksiyonları (örneğin ücretsiz yönlendirme dilimleme, alt ayıkla...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about An Experimental Protocol for Assessing the Performance of New Ultrasound Probes Based on CMUT Technology in Application to Brain Imaging at JoVE.com

An Experimental Protocol for Assessing the Performance of New Ultrasound Probes Based on CMUT Technology in Application to Brain Imaging

Kapasitif Micromachined ultrasonik güç çeviricisi (CMUT) teknolojisini temel alan yeni (bizi) ultrason probları gelişimi erken gerçekçi bir değerlendirmesi görüntüleme yetenekleri gerektirir. Biz ABD resim alma ve manyetik rezonans görüntüleriyle karşılaştırma için tekrarlanabilir bir deneysel protokol bir ex vivo sığır beyin görüntüleme bir hedef olarak kullanarak açıklar.

Beyin görüntüleme uygulamaya CMUT teknolojisi tabanlı yeni ultrason probları performansını değerlendirmek için deneysel bir iletişim kuralı

The possibility to perform an early and repeatable assessment of imaging performance is fundamental in the design and development process of new ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Bioengineering

Creating Adhesive and Soluble Gradients for Imaging Cell Migration with Fluorescence Microscopy

Floresan Mikroskobu ile Görüntüleme Hücre Göç Yapıştırıcı ve Çözünür Degradeler oluşturma

Cells can sense and migrate towards higher concentrations of adhesive cues such as the glycoproteins of the extracellular matrix and soluble cues such as ...

High-throughput, Automated Extraction of DNA and RNA from Clinical Samples using TruTip Technology on Common Liquid Handling Robots

Ortak Liquid Handling Robotlar TruTip Teknoloji kullanarak Klinik Örneklerden DNA ve RNA yüksek verimlilik, Otomatik Ekstraksiyon

TruTip is a simple nucleic acid extraction  technology whereby a porous, monolithic binding matrix is inserted into a  pipette tip. The geometry of the ...

Wideband Optical Detector of Ultrasound for Medical Imaging Applications

Geniş bant Tıbbi Görüntüleme Uygulamaları Ultrason Optik Dedektörü

Optical sensors of ultrasound are a promising alternative to piezoelectric techniques, as has been recently demonstrated in the field of optoacoustic ...

3D Orbital Tracking in a Modified Two-photon Microscope: An Application to the Tracking of Intracellular Vesicles

Modifiye İki foton mikroskop 3D Orbital Takip: Hücre içi veziküllerin İzlemeye Bir Uygulama

The objective of this video protocol is to discuss how to perform and analyze a three-dimensional fluorescent orbital particle tracking experiment using a ...

In Situ Mapping of the Mechanical Properties of Biofilms by Particle-tracking Microrheology

In Situ Mapping of the Mechanical Properties of Biofilms by Particle-tracking Microrheology

Parçacık izleme Microrheology tarafından Biyofilmler Mekanik Özelliklerinin Yerinde Haritalama

Bacterial cells are able to form surface-attached biofilm communities known as biofilms by encasing themselves in extracellular polymeric substances ...

An Experimental and Finite Element Protocol to Investigate the Transport of Neutral and Charged Solutes across Articular Cartilage

Deneysel ve Sonlu Eleman Protokolü Eklem Kıkırdak genelinde Nötr ve Yüklü Çözünenlerin Ulaştırma Araştırma

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a debilitating disease that is associated with degeneration of articular cartilage and subchondral bone. Degeneration of articular ...

A High-performance Compact Photoacoustic Tomography System for In Vivo Small-animal Brain Imaging

A High-performance Compact Photoacoustic Tomography System for In Vivo Small-animal Brain Imaging

Için yüksek performanslı bir Kompakt Fotoakustik Tomografi Sistemi<emIn vivo</em&gt; Küçük Hayvanlı Beyin Görüntüleme

In vivo small-animal imaging has an important role to play in preclinical studies. Photoacoustic tomography (PAT) is an emerging hybrid imaging modality ...

Fabrication and Validation of an Organ-on-chip System with Integrated Electrodes to Directly Quantify Transendothelial Electrical Resistance

İmalat ve Organ-on-chip sistemin doğrudan Transendothelial elektrik direncini ölçmek için entegre elektrotlar ile doğrulama

Organs-on-chips, in vitro models involving the culture of (human) tissues inside microfluidic devices, are rapidly emerging and promise to provide useful ...

A Novel Surgical Technique As a Foundation for In Vivo Partial Liver Engineering in Rat

A Novel Surgical Technique As a Foundation for In Vivo Partial Liver Engineering in Rat

Sıçan Vivo içinde kısmi karaciğer Dairesi'nde için bir temel olarak yeni bir cerrahi teknik

Organ engineering is a novel strategy to generate liver organ substitutes that can potentially be used in transplantation. Recently, in vivo liver ...

A New Ex Vivo Model for the Evaluation of Endoscopic Submucosal Injection Material Performance

A New Ex Vivo Model for the Evaluation of Endoscopic Submucosal Injection Material Performance

Endoskopik Submucosal enjeksiyon malzemesi performans değerlendirilmesi için yeni bir Ex Vivo Model

Increasing the performance of submucosal injection materials (SIMs) is important for endoscopic therapy of early gastrointestinal cancer. It is essential ...