Name: switchable acoustic and optical resolution photoacoustic microscopy for in vivo small-animal blood vasculature imaging
Uploaded: 2017-06-26T15:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Switchable Acoustic and Optical Resolution Photoacoustic Microscopy for In Vivo Small-animal Blood Vasculature Imaging at JoVE.com

Forfatterne vil gerne anerkende den økonomiske støtte fra et Tier 2-tilskud finansieret af Undervisningsministeriet i Singapore (ARC2 / 15: M4020238). Forfatterne vil også gerne takke Mr. Chow Wai Hoong Bobby for hjælp til maskinbutikken.

Alle dyreforsøg blev udført i overensstemmelse med de godkendte forskrifter og retningslinjer fra den institutionelle dyrepleje- og brugskomité for Nanyang Technological University, Singapore (Animal Protocol Number ARF-SBS / NIE-A0263). 1. AR-OR-PAM-system ( figur 1 ) <ol><li> Systemkonfiguration: AR-PAM <ol><li> Brug et nanosekundt indstilleligt lasersystem bestående af en diodepumpet, solid-state Nd-YAG laser (532 nm) og en farvestråle...

<ol>
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Som konklusion er der udviklet et omskifteligt AR- og OR PAM-system, som kan opnå både billeddannelse med høj opløsning ved lavere billeddybder og billeddannelse med lavere opløsning ved højere billeddybder. Den omskiftelige systemets laterale opløsning og billeddybde blev bestemt. Fordelene ved dette omskiftelige PAM-system inkluderer: (1) billedet med høj opløsning ved hjælp af tæt optisk fokusering; (2) dybservationsbilleddannelsen ved hjælp af akustisk fokusering; 3) mørkfeltbelysningen til AR-PAM, som ...

Optiske billeddannelsesmodeller med høj opløsning, såsom optisk kohærensomografi, konfokal mikroskopi og multiphotonmikroskopi, har mange fordele. Den rumlige opløsning falder imidlertid betydeligt, da billeddybden øges. Dette skyldes den diffuse natur af lystransport i blødt væv 1 , 2 . Integrationen af ​​optisk excitations- og ultralyddetektion giver en løsning til at overvinde udfordringen ved optisk optisk billeddannelse i dybe væv. Photoacoustic mikroskopi (PAM) er en sådan modalitet, der kan give dybere billeddannelse end andre optiske billeddannelsesmodaliteter. Det er blevet anvendt med succes i in vivo strukturelle, funktionelle, molekylære og celleafbildning 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 </sup&gt; , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 undersøgelser ved at kombinere den stærke optiske absorptionskontrast med den høje rumlige opløsning fra ultralyd. I PAM bestråler en kort laserpuls vævet / prøven. Lysets absorption af chromophorer ( f.eks. Melanin, hæmoglobin, vand osv. ) Resulterer i en temperaturforøgelse, som igen resulterer i produktion af trykbølger i form af akustiske bølger (fotoakustiske bølger). De genererede fotoakustiske bølger kan detekteres af en bredbånds ultralydstransducer uden for vævsgrænsen. Ved anvendelse af svag optisk og tæt akustisk fokusering kan dybdevæv billeddannelse opnås i akustisk opløsning photoacoustic microscopy (AR-PAM) 14 , 15 , 16 . I AR-PAM, en lateral opløsning på 45 μm og en billeddybde på op til 3 mm er blevet påvist 15 . For at løse enkelte kapillærer (~ 5 μm) akustisk kræves ultralydstransducere, der arbejder med&gt; 400 MHz centrale frekvenser. Ved sådanne høje frekvenser er penetrationsdybden mindre end 100 μm. Problemet med stram akustisk fokusering kan løses ved hjælp af tæt optisk fokusering. Optisk opløsning fotoakustisk mikroskopi (OR-PAM) er i stand til at løse enkeltkapillarier, eller endog en enkelt celle 17 , og en lateral opløsning på 0,5 μm er opnået 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 . Brugen af ​​en fotonisk nanojet kan bidrage til at opnå en opløsning ud over den diffraktion-begrænsede resolutioN 25 , 26 . I OR-PAM er penetrationsdybden begrænset på grund af lysfokusering, og den kan optage op til ~ 1,2 mm inde i det biologiske væv 23 . Derfor kan AR-PAM billedet dybere, men med en lavere opløsning, og OR-PAM kan billedet med en meget høj opløsning, men med begrænset billeddybde. Billedhastigheden af ​​AR- og OR-PAM-systemet afhænger hovedsageligt af pulsrepetitionshastigheden for laserkilden 27 . Kombination af AR-PAM og OR-PAM vil være til stor gavn for applikationer, der kræver både høj opløsning og dybere billedbehandling. Der er lavet en lille indsats for at kombinere disse systemer sammen. Normalt bruges to forskellige billedskannere til billedbehandling, hvilket kræver, at prøven flyttes mellem begge systemer, hvilket gør det vanskeligt at udføre in vivo billeddannelse. Imidlertid muliggør hybrid billeddannelse med både AR og OR PAM billeddannelse med skalerbare opløsninger aNd dybder. I en tilgang bruges en optisk fiberbundt til at levere lys til både AR og OR PAM. I denne tilgang anvendes to separate lasere (en højenergielaser ved 570 nm for AR og en lav-energi, høj-repetitionshastighed laser ved 532 nm for OR), hvilket gør systemet ubelejligt og dyrt 28 . OR-PAM-laserbølgelængden er fast, og mange undersøgelser, såsom ved iltmætning, er ikke mulige ved anvendelse af dette kombinerede system. Sammenligningsundersøgelser mellem AR og OR PAM er heller ikke mulige på grund af forskellen i laserbølgelængder mellem AR og OR. Desuden bruger AR-PAM lysfeltbelysning; Derfor begrænser stærke fotoakustiske signaler fra hudoverfladen billedkvaliteten. Af denne grund kan systemet ikke bruges til mange bioimaging applikationer. I en anden tilgang til at udføre AR og OR PAM, skiftes det optiske og ultralydsfokus, hvilket gør lysfokus og ultralydfokus uændret. Billedkvaliteten er således ikke optimal <suP class = &quot;xref&quot;&gt; 29. Ved hjælp af denne teknik kan AR-PAM og OR-PAM kun opnå henholdsvis 139 μm og 21 μm opløsninger, hvilket gør det til et system med dårlig opløsning. En anden tilgang, der omfatter ændring af optisk fiber og kollimerende optik, blev rapporteret at skifte mellem AR og OR PAM, hvilket gør justeringsprocessen vanskelig 30 . I alle disse tilfælde anvendte AR-PAM ikke mørkfeltbelysning. Brugen af ​​mørkfeltbelysning kan reducere dannelsen af ​​stærke fotoakustiske signaler fra hudoverfladen. Derfor kan dybdevæv billeddannelse udføres ved hjælp af ringformet belysning, da detekteringsfølsomheden af ​​dybe fotoakustiske signaler vil være højere sammenlignet med lysfeltbelysningen. Dette værk rapporterer et omskifteligt AR og OR PAM (AR-OR-PAM) billeddannelsessystem, der er i stand til både billedbehandling med høj opløsning og lav opløsning i dybden af ​​samme prøve ved hjælp af samme laser og scanner til begge systemerems. Udførelsen af ​​AR-OR-PAM-systemet blev karakteriseret ved at bestemme den rumlige opløsning og billeddybden ved hjælp af fantomeksperimenter. In vivo blev blodvaskulering udført på et musørør for at demonstrere dets biologiske billeddannelsesevne.

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="939">
	<tbody>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:303px;">Q-switched Nd:YAG laser</td>
			<td style="width:232px;">Edgewave</td>
			<td style="width:177px;">BX80-2-L</td>
			<td style="width:227px;">Pump laser&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Credo-High Repetition Rate Dye Laser</td>
			<td>Spectra physics</td>
			<td style="width:177px;">CREDO-DYE-N</td>
			<td>Dye laser</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Precision Linear Stage</td>
			<td>Physik Instrumente</td>
			<td>PLS 85&#160;</td>
			<td>XY raster scanning stage</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Translation stage</td>
			<td>Physik Instrumente</td>
			<td>VT 80&#160;</td>
			<td>Confocal determine</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Mounted Silicon photodiode</td>
			<td>Thorlabs</td>
			<td>SM05PD1A</td>
			<td>Triggering/Pulse variation</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Motorized continuous Rotational stage&#160;</td>
			<td>Thorlabs</td>
			<td>CR1/M-Z7</td>
			<td>Diverting laser beam</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Mounted Continuously Variable ND Filter</td>
			<td>Thorlabs</td>
			<td>NDC-50C-4M</td>
			<td>Intensity variable</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Fiber Patch Cable</td>
			<td>Thorlabs</td>
			<td>M29L01</td>
			<td>Multimode fiber</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:303px;">Microscope objective</td>
			<td>Newport</td>
			<td>M-10X</td>
			<td>Objective&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">XY translating mount</td>
			<td>Thorlabs</td>
			<td>CXY1</td>
			<td>Translating mount</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:303px;">Plano convex lens</td>
			<td>Thorlabs</td>
			<td>LA1951</td>
			<td>Collimating lens</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Conical lens&#160;</td>
			<td>Altechna</td>
			<td>APX-2-B254</td>
			<td>Ring shape beam</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:303px;">Translation stage</td>
			<td>Thorlabs</td>
			<td>CT1</td>
			<td>Translating stage</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:303px;">Optical condenser</td>
			<td style="width:232px;">Home made</td>
			<td style="width:177px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Ultrasonic transducer</td>
			<td>Olympus-NDT</td>
			<td>V214-BB-RM</td>
			<td>50MHz transducer</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:303px;">Plano concave lens</td>
			<td>Thorlabs</td>
			<td>LC4573</td>
			<td>Acoustic lens</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Pulser/Receiver</td>
			<td>Olympus-NDT</td>
			<td>5073PR</td>
			<td>Pulse echo amplifier&#160;</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:303px;">Mounted standard iris</td>
			<td>Thorlabs</td>
			<td>ID12/M</td>
			<td>Beam shaping</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:303px;">Plano convex lens</td>
			<td>Thorlabs</td>
			<td>LA4327</td>
			<td>Condenser lens</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:303px;">Mounted precision pinhole</td>
			<td>Thorlabs</td>
			<td>P50S</td>
			<td>Spatial filtering</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:303px;">Single mode fiber patch cable</td>
			<td>Thorlabs</td>
			<td>P1-460B-FC-1</td>
			<td>Single mode fiber</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:303px;">Fiber coupler</td>
			<td>Newport</td>
			<td>F-91-C1</td>
			<td>Single mode coupling</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:303px;">Achromatic doublet lens</td>
			<td style="width:232px;">Edmund Optics</td>
			<td>32-317</td>
			<td>Achromatic doublet</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:303px;">Protected silver elliptical mirror</td>
			<td>Thorlabs</td>
			<td>PFE10-P01</td>
			<td>Mirror</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:303px;">Right angle kinematic mirror mount</td>
			<td>Thorlabs</td>
			<td>KCB1</td>
			<td>Mirror mount</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Z-Axis Translation Mount</td>
			<td>Thorlabs</td>
			<td>SM1Z</td>
			<td>z translator</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:303px;">Lens tube</td>
			<td>Thorlabs</td>
			<td>SM05L10</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:303px;">UV Fused Silica Right-Angle Prism</td>
			<td>Thorlabs</td>
			<td>PS615</td>
			<td>Right angle prism</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:303px;">Rhomboid prism</td>
			<td style="width:232px;">Edmund Optics</td>
			<td>47-214</td>
			<td>Shear wave</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Dimethylpolysiloxane</td>
			<td>Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td>DMPS1M</td>
			<td>Silicon oil</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:303px;">Amplifier</td>
			<td>Mini Circuits</td>
			<td>ZFL-500LN</td>
			<td>Amplifier</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:303px;">16 bit high speed digitizer</td>
			<td>Spectrum</td>
			<td>M4i.4420</td>
			<td>Data acquisition card</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:303px;">Oscilloscope</td>
			<td style="width:232px;">Agilent Technologies</td>
			<td style="width:177px;">DS06014A</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:303px;">Mice&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:232px;">InVivos Pte.Ltd</td>
			<td style="width:177px;">ICR</td>
			<td>Animal model</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:303px;">Ultrasound gel&#160;</td>
			<td>Progress/parker acquasonic gel</td>
			<td>PA-GEL-CLEA-5000</td>
			<td>Acoustic coupling</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:303px;">Water tank</td>
			<td style="width:232px;">Home made</td>
			<td style="width:177px;"></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:303px;">Translation stage</td>
			<td style="width:232px;">Homemade</td>
			<td style="width:177px;"></td>
			<td>Switching AR-OR</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:303px;">Gold nanoparticles</td>
			<td>Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td align="right">742031</td>
			<td>Lateral resolution</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:303px;">Sterile ocular ointment</td>
			<td style="width:232px;">Alcon</td>
			<td style="width:177px;">Duratears</td>
			<td>Animal imaging</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:303px;">1951 USAF resolution test target</td>
			<td style="width:232px;">Edmund Optics</td>
			<td align="right" style="width:177px;">38257</td>
			<td>Confocal alignment</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:303px;">Data acquisition software</td>
			<td style="width:232px;">National Instrument</td>
			<td style="width:177px;">Labview</td>
			<td>Home made software using Labview</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:303px;">Image Processing software</td>
			<td style="width:232px;">Mathworks</td>
			<td style="width:177px;">Matlab</td>
			<td>Home made program using Matlab</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

switchable acoustic and optical resolution photoacoustic microscopy for in vivo small-animal blood vasculature imaging

Photoacoustic microscopy (PAM) er en hurtigt voksende invivo billeddannelsesmodalitet, der kombinerer både optik og ultralyd, hvilket giver penetration ud over den optiske middelfri vej (ca. 1 mm i huden) med høj opløsning. Ved at kombinere optisk absorptionskontrast med den høje rumlige opløsning af ultralyd i en enkelt modalitet, kan denne teknik trænge ind i dybe væv. Photoacoustic mikroskopi systemer kan enten have en lav akustisk opløsning og sonde dybt eller en høj optisk opløsning og sonde lavt. Det er udfordrende at opnå høj rumlig opløsning og stor dybdeindtrængning med et enkelt system. Dette værk præsenterer et AR-OR-PAM-system, der er i stand til både højopløsningsbilleddannelse ved lave dybder og lavopløsningsdybde-billeddannelse af den samme prøve in vivo . En lateral opløsning på 4 μm med en billeddybde på 1,4 mm ved hjælp af optisk fokusering og en lateral opløsning på 45 μm med en billeddybde på 7,8 mm ved brug af akustisk fokusering var vellykketDemonstreres ved anvendelse af det kombinerede system. Her udføres i-vivo -blodkar-vaskulatur-billeddannelse for at demonstrere dets biologiske billeddannelsesevne.

Skematisk af AR-OR-PAM-systemet er vist i figur 1 . I denne opsætning blev alle komponenter integreret og samlet i en optisk buropsætning. Brugen af ​​et bursystem gør AR-OR-PAM scanningshovedet kompakt og nemt monteret, justeret og integreret på et enkelt scanningstrin. Todimensionel kontinuerlig raster-scanning af billedhovedet blev brugt under billedoptagelse. De tidsopslåede PA-signal...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Switchable Acoustic and Optical Resolution Photoacoustic Microscopy for In Vivo Small-animal Blood Vasculature Imaging at JoVE.com

Switchable Acoustic and Optical Resolution Photoacoustic Microscopy for In Vivo Small-animal Blood Vasculature Imaging

Her er det muligt at demonstrere en billedbaseret akustisk opløsning (AR) og optisk opløsning (OR) photoacoustic microscopy (AR-OR-PAM), der både kan optages i høj opløsning ved lav dybde og lav opløsning af dybvævsbilde på samme prøve in vivo .

Switchable akustisk og optisk opløsning Photoacoustic Microscopy for<em&gt; In vivo</em&gt; Blodvaskemaskiner i små dyr

Photoacoustic microscopy (PAM) is a fast-growing invivo imaging modality that combines both optics and ultrasound, providing penetration beyond the ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Bioengineering

Switchable Acoustic and Optical Resolution Photoacoustic Microscopy for In Vivo Small-animal Blood Vasculature Imaging

Three-dimensional Optical-resolution Photoacoustic Microscopy

Optical microscopy, providing valuable insights at the cellular and organelle levels, has been widely recognized as an enabling biomedical technology. As ...

Integrated Photoacoustic Ophthalmoscopy and Spectral-domain Optical Coherence Tomography

Integreret Photoacoustic oftalmoskopi og Spectral-domænet Optical Coherence Tomography

Both the clinical diagnosis and fundamental investigation of major ocular diseases greatly benefit from various non-invasive ophthalmic imaging ...

Wideband Optical Detector of Ultrasound for Medical Imaging Applications

Wideband optisk detektor af ultralyd til medicinsk billedbehandling

Optical sensors of ultrasound are a promising alternative to piezoelectric techniques, as has been recently demonstrated in the field of optoacoustic ...

High-resolution Spatiotemporal Analysis of Receptor Dynamics by Single-molecule Fluorescence Microscopy

Høj opløsning Spatiotemporal Analyse af receptor Dynamics ved Single-molekyle fluorescensmikroskopi

Single-molecule microscopy is emerging as a powerful approach to analyze the behavior of signaling molecules, in particular concerning those aspect (e.g., ...

Preparation of Mica Supported Lipid Bilayers for High Resolution Optical Microscopy Imaging

Udarbejdelse af Mica Understøttet lipiddobbeltlagenes for High Resolution optisk mikroskopi Imaging

Supported lipid bilayers (SLBs) are widely used as a model for studying membrane properties (phase separation, clustering, dynamics) and its interaction ...

Fluorescence-quenching of a Liposomal-encapsulated Near-infrared Fluorophore as a Tool for In Vivo Optical Imaging

Fluorescence-quenching of a Liposomal-encapsulated Near-infrared Fluorophore as a Tool for In Vivo Optical Imaging

Fluorescens-quenching af et liposomalt indkapslet Near-infrarøde fluorofor som et værktøj til<em&gt; In Vivo</em&gt; Optisk Imaging

Optical imaging offers a wide range of diagnostic modalities and has attracted a lot of interest as a tool for biomedical imaging. Despite the enormous ...

A High-performance Compact Photoacoustic Tomography System for In Vivo Small-animal Brain Imaging

A High-performance Compact Photoacoustic Tomography System for In Vivo Small-animal Brain Imaging

Et højtydende kompakt fotokoustisk tomografisystem til<em&gt; In vivo</em&gt; Small-animal Brain Imaging

In vivo small-animal imaging has an important role to play in preclinical studies. Photoacoustic tomography (PAT) is an emerging hybrid imaging modality ...

Hand-held Clinical Photoacoustic Imaging System for Real-time Non-invasive Small Animal Imaging

Håndholdte kliniske Photoacoustic Imaging System for Real-time Non-invasiv små dyr Imaging

Translation of photoacoustic imaging into the clinic is a major challenge. Handheld real-time clinical photoacoustic imaging systems are very rare. Here, ...

Rigid Embedding of Fixed and Stained, Whole, Millimeter-Scale Specimens for Section-free 3D Histology by Micro-Computed Tomography

Stive indlejring af faste og plettet, hele, Millimeter-skala prøver for sektion-gratis 3D histologi ved mikro-beregnet tomografi

For over a hundred years, the histological study of tissues has been the gold standard for medical diagnosis because histology allows all cell types in ...

Visualizing Adhesion Formation in Cells by Means of Advanced Spinning Disk-Total Internal Reflection Fluorescence Microscopy

Visualisere vedhæftning dannelse i celler ved hjælp af avancerede Spinning Disk-Total interne Reflection Fluorescens mikroskopi

In living cells, processes such as adhesion formation involve extensive structural changes in the plasma membrane and the cell interior. In order to ...