Name: experimental implementation of a new composite fabrication method: exposing bare fibers on the composite surface by the soft layer method
Uploaded: 2017-10-06T12:30:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Experimental Implementation of a New Composite Fabrication Method: Exposing Bare Fibers on the Composite Surface by the Soft Layer Method at JoVE.com

这项研究得到了院气候变化研究中心的支持 (格兰特 No。N11160012), 由科学、ICT 和未来规划部资助的韩国国家研究基金会领导的国外研究院招聘项目 (赠款 No. 2011-0030065), 主要的人力资源培训计划通过由科学、ICT 和未来规划部资助的韩国国家研究基金会 (NRF) 的区域新产业 (批准号:NRF-2016H1D5A1910603)。他们的支持得到了极大的赞赏。

1. 材料准备 <ol> <li> 复合材料的制备 注: 警告, 请在使用前查阅所有相关的材料安全数据表 (MSDS)。这些方法中使用的几种化学物质可能是有毒和致癌的。纳米材料与它们的散装相比可能有额外的危害。在进行试验时, 请使用所有适当的安全做法, 包括使用工程控制 (油烟罩、手套箱) 和个人防护用品 (安全眼镜、手套、实验室大衣、全长长裤、脚趾鞋). 
	注: 根据应用的不同, 增强...

<ol>
	<li>Hwang, I. U., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Bipolar+plate+made+of+carbon+fiber+epoxy+composite+for+polymer+electrolyte+membrane+fuel+cells.">Bipolar plate made of carbon fiber epoxy composite for polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells.</a> J Power Sources. 184 (1), 90-94 (2008).</li><li>Avasarala, B., Haldar, P. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Effect+of+surface+roughness+of+composite+bipolar+plates+on+the+contact+resistance+of+a+proton+exchange+membrane+fuel+cell.">Effect of surface roughness of composite bipolar plates on the contact resistance of a proton exchange membrane fuel cell.</a> J Power Sources. 188 (1), 225-229 (2009).</li><li>Yu, H. N., Lim, J. W., Kim, M. K., Lee, D. G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Plasma+treatment+of+the+carbon+fiber+bipolar+plate+for+PEM+fuel+cell.">Plasma treatment of the carbon fiber bipolar plate for PEM fuel cell.</a> Compos Struct. 94 (5), 1911-1918 (2012).</li><li>Lim, J. W., Lee, D. G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Development+of+composite-metal+hybrid+bipolar+plates+for+PEM+fuel+cells.">Development of composite-metal hybrid bipolar plates for PEM fuel cells.</a> Int J Hydrogen Energy. 37 (17), (2012).</li><li>Kim, B. G., Lee, D. G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Electromagnetic-carbon+surface+treatment+of+composite+bipolar+plate+for+high-efficiency+polymer+electrolyte+membrane+fuel+cells.">Electromagnetic-carbon surface treatment of composite bipolar plate for high-efficiency polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells.</a> J Power Sources. 195 (6), 1577-1582 (2010).</li><li>Kim, B. G., Lim, J. W., Lee, D. G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+single-type+aluminum/composite+hybrid+bipolar+plate+with+surface+modification+for+high+efficiency+PEMFC.">A single-type aluminum/composite hybrid bipolar plate with surface modification for high efficiency PEMFC.</a> Int J Hydrogen Energy. 36 (4), 3087-3095 (2011).</li><li>Yu, H. N., Lim, J. W., Suh, J. D., Lee, D. G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+graphite-coated+carbon+fiber+epoxy+composite+bipolar+plate+for+polymer+electrolyte+membrane+fuel+cell.">A graphite-coated carbon fiber epoxy composite bipolar plate for polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell.</a> J Power Sources. 196 (23), 9868-9875 (2011).</li><li>Kim, K. H., Kim, B. G., Lee, D. G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Development+of+carbon+composite+bipolar+plate+(BP)+for+vanadium+redox+flow+battery+(VRFB).">Development of carbon composite bipolar plate (BP) for vanadium redox flow battery (VRFB).</a> Compos Struct. 109, 253-259 (2014).</li><li>Lee, D., Lim, J. W., Nam, S., Choi, I., Lee, D. G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Gasket-integrated+carbon/silicone+elastomer+composite+bipolar+plate+for+high-temperature+PEMFC.">Gasket-integrated carbon/silicone elastomer composite bipolar plate for high-temperature PEMFC.</a> Compos Struct. 128, 284-290 (2015).</li><li>Lee, D., Lee, D. G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Electro-mechanical+properties+of+the+carbon+fabric+composites+with+fibers+exposed+on+the+surface.">Electro-mechanical properties of the carbon fabric composites with fibers exposed on the surface.</a> Compos Struct. 140, 77-83 (2016).</li><li>Lee, D., Lim, J. W., Nam, S., Choi, I., Lee, D. G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Method+for+exposing+carbon+fibers+on+composite+bipolar+plates.">Method for exposing carbon fibers on composite bipolar plates.</a> Compos Struct. 134, 1-9 (2015).</li><li>Lee, D., Lee, D. G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Carbon+composite+bipolar+plate+for+high-temperature+proton+exchange+membrane+fuel+cells+(HT-PEMFCs).">Carbon composite bipolar plate for high-temperature proton exchange membrane fuel cells (HT-PEMFCs).</a> J Power Sources. 327, 119-126 (2016).</li><li>Lee, D., Choe, J., Nam, S., Lim, J. W., Choi, I., Lee, D. G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Development+of+non-woven+carbon+felt+composite+bipolar+plates+using+the+soft+layer+method.">Development of non-woven carbon felt composite bipolar plates using the soft layer method.</a> Compos struct. 160, 976-982 (2016).</li><li>Lee, D., Lim, J. W., Lee, D. G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Cathode/anode+integrated+composite+bipolar+plate+for+high-temperature+PEMFC.">Cathode/anode integrated composite bipolar plate for high-temperature PEMFC.</a> Compos Struct. 167, 144-151 (2017).</li><li>Lee, D., Oh, Y., Nam, S., Choe, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Adhesion+Characteristics+of+Fiber-exposed+Glass+Composites.">Adhesion Characteristics of Fiber-exposed Glass Composites.</a> Compos Struct. 165, 9-14 (2017).</li></ol>

与传统方法相比, 软层法具有明显的优越性, 且制造成本较低。软层法制备的三种复合材料的电学性能、力学性能、透气性、附着力等方面都具有独特的特性。
对于电学性能的测量, 采用了四点探针法。对 ASR 进行了5次测量, 平均值作为双极板的代表值。共测量了五双极板, 并对误差条使用了最大和最小的 ASR 值。
由于暴露的碳纤维 (图 2a</st...

双极板是能量转换系统和能量存储系统 (如燃料电池和电池) 的多功能关键部件。双极板的关键功能要求如下: 高电导率在穿过厚度方向, 以减少欧姆损耗, 高机械性能, 承受高压实压力和外部冲击, 以及高批量生产的生产率。
与传统上采用的石墨和金属作为双极板材料相比, 碳纤维/环氧树脂复合材料具有较高的比强度和刚度, 这表明系统的重量可以大大降低用复合材料取代传统的双极板材料1。然而, 传统的碳/环氧复合材料在穿透厚度方向上的导电性较差, 导致了大面积的电阻 (ASR), 这是由于复合表面上形成了树脂丰富的层。该绝缘树脂层防止导电炭纤维与相邻元件之间的直接接触, 如另双极板、气体扩散层 (GDL) 和碳毡电极。
许多研究是为了解决高 ASR 由于树脂丰富的层。第一种方法是表面处理方法, 以选择性地去除树脂丰富的层。例如, 机械磨损试图去除表面上的树脂2。然而, 碳纤维也被损坏, 导致了一个糟糕的 ASR。等离子体处理3、4和微波处理方法5、6也被开发以避免纤维损坏, 但它们导致生产率和均匀性低下。第二种方法, 导电层涂层方法, 包括膨胀石墨涂层7,8。该方法成功地降低了 ASR, 被认为是制造复合双极板的标准方法。然而, 它是昂贵的, 有耐久性和分层问题, 由于机械强度低。
在这项研究中, "软层法", 一种新的制造方法, 可以暴露碳纤维的复合双极板表面, 证明。该方法的主要目的是获得低的 ASR, 低的制造成本。软层法采用薄软层, 如在压缩模和双极板之间的聚合物释放膜。在压缩模和软层分离后, 制备的双极板显示在表面上暴露的碳纤维, 无任何 post-surface 处理。该方法不仅降低了 ASR, 而且大大提高了机械性能, 解决了气体渗透性问题。这种方法可用于许多其他用途: 发展一个导电板, 制造一个薄的复合材料, 和制造的粘合剂连接没有表面处理。

<table width="891">
	<tbody>
		<tr height="21" style="height:15.75pt">
			<td class="xl63" height="21" style="width:223pt;height:15.75pt" width="297">Unidirectional carbon/epoxy prepreg</td>
			<td class="xl63" style="width:72pt" width="96">SK Chemicals</td>
			<td class="xl63" style="width:110pt" width="146">USN020</td>
			<td class="xl66" style="width:264pt" width="352">Used to fabricate unidirectional carbon composite</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21" style="height:15.75pt">
			<td class="xl63" height="21" style="width:223pt;height:15.75pt" width="297">Plain weave carbon fabric/epoxy prepreg</td>
			<td class="xl63" style="width:72pt" width="96">SK Chemicals</td>
			<td class="xl63" style="width:110pt" width="146">WSN 1k</td>
			<td class="xl66">Used to fabricate fabric carbon composite</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21" style="height:15.75pt">
			<td class="xl63" height="21" style="width:223pt;height:15.75pt" width="297">Plain weave carbon fabric</td>
			<td class="xl63" style="width:72pt" width="96">SK Chemicals</td>
			<td class="xl63" style="width:110pt" width="146">C-112</td>
			<td class="xl66">Used to fabricate fabric carbon composite</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21" style="height:15.75pt">
			<td class="xl63" height="21" style="width:223pt;height:15.75pt" width="297">Non-woven carbon felt</td>
			<td class="xl63" style="width:72pt" width="96">Newell</td>
			<td class="xl63" style="width:110pt" width="146">Graphite felt 3 mm</td>
			<td class="xl66">Used to fabricated felt carbon composite</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21" style="height:15.75pt">
			<td class="xl63" height="21" style="width:223pt;height:15.75pt" width="297">Film type epoxy resin</td>
			<td class="xl63" style="width:72pt" width="96">SK Chemicals</td>
			<td class="xl63" style="width:110pt" width="146">K51</td>
			<td class="xl66">Used as a matrix of the composite</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21" style="height:15.75pt">
			<td class="xl63" height="21" style="width:223pt;height:15.75pt" width="297">Acetone 99.5%</td>
			<td class="xl63" style="width:72pt" width="96">Samchun</td>
			<td class="xl63" style="width:110pt" width="146">67-64-1</td>
			<td class="xl66">Used to cleanse the carbon fiber and the soft layers</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21" style="height:15.75pt">
			<td class="xl63" height="21" style="width:223pt;height:15.75pt" width="297">Mold release</td>
			<td class="xl63" style="width:72pt" width="96">ShinEtsu</td>
			<td class="xl63" style="width:110pt" width="146">KF-96</td>
			<td class="xl66">Used to coat the mold</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21" style="height:15.75pt">
			<td class="xl63" height="21" style="width:223pt;height:15.75pt" width="297">Release film</td>
			<td class="xl63" style="width:72pt" width="96">Airtech</td>
			<td class="xl63" style="width:110pt" width="146">A4000V</td>
			<td class="xl66">Used as a soft layer</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21" style="height:15.75pt">
			<td class="xl63" height="21" style="width:223pt;height:15.75pt" width="297">Compression mold</td>
			<td class="xl63" style="width:72pt" width="96">N/A</td>
			<td class="xl63" style="width:110pt" width="146">N/A</td>
			<td class="xl66">Machined in lab. Material: NAK80</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21" style="height:15.75pt">
			<td class="xl63" height="21" style="width:223pt;height:15.75pt" width="297">Hot press</td>
			<td class="xl63" style="width:72pt" width="96">Hydrotek 100</td>
			<td class="xl63" style="width:110pt" width="146">N/A</td>
			<td class="xl66">Used to apply pressure and heat</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21" style="height:15.75pt">
			<td class="xl63" height="21" style="width:223pt;height:15.75pt" width="297">Scanning electron microscope</td>
			<td class="xl63" style="width:72pt" width="96">FEI Compnay</td>
			<td class="xl63" style="width:110pt" width="146">Magellan 400</td>
			<td class="xl66">Used to investigate the surface of the composite</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

experimental implementation of a new composite fabrication method: exposing bare fibers on the composite surface by the soft layer method

双极板是质子交换膜燃料电池 (电池) 和钒氧化还原流电池 (VRFBs) 的关键部件。它是一种具有高导电性、高机械性能和高生产率的多功能元件。
在这方面, 碳纤维/环氧树脂复合材料可以是取代传统的石墨双极板的理想材料, 这往往导致整个系统的灾难性故障, 因为其固有的脆性。虽然碳/环氧树脂复合材料具有很高的机械性能, 易于制造, 但由于在其表面形成了富树脂层, 所以通过厚度方向的导电性较差。因此, 采用膨胀石墨涂层来解决导电问题。然而, 膨胀石墨涂层不仅增加了制造成本, 而且机械性能较差。
在本研究中, 展示了一种在复合表面上暴露纤维的方法。目前有许多方法可以暴露纤维的表面处理后, 复合材料的制造。然而, 这种新方法不需要表面处理, 因为纤维是在复合材料制造过程中暴露出来的。通过暴露表面裸露的碳纤维, 使复合材料的导电性和机械强度大幅度提高。

使用扫描电子显微镜 (SEM) (图 1) 观察制作的标本。因为覆盖纤维顶端的富树脂层只有几微米厚, 在标本顶部观察到的光学显微图像是不合适的。通过5倾斜标本观察到的 SEM 图像提供了更具代表性的图像。与传统的模压成型复合材料相比, 采用软层法制备复合材料, 其表面覆盖有树脂, 裸露纤维无缺陷。软层法适用于单向碳复合材料、炭纤维复合材料和?...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Experimental Implementation of a New Composite Fabrication Method: Exposing Bare Fibers on the Composite Surface by the Soft Layer Method at JoVE.com

Experimental Implementation of a New Composite Fabrication Method: Exposing Bare Fibers on the Composite Surface by the Soft Layer Method

提出了一种通过消除树脂富区来暴露复合材料表面裸露纤维的协议。纤维被暴露在复合材料的制造过程中, 而不是通过后表面处理。暴露的碳基复合材料在穿透厚度方向和高机械性能上表现出较高的电导率。

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