Name: enrichment of detergent-insoluble protein aggregates from human postmortem brain
Uploaded: 2017-10-24T12:30:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Enrichment of Detergent-insoluble Protein Aggregates from Human Postmortem Brain at JoVE.com

作者感谢 Drs 和利维, 埃默里神经病学系, 提供有用的意见和建议。这项工作的部分资金来自加速医学合作基金 (U01AG046161-02), 埃默里阿尔茨海默病研究中心 (P50AG025688) 和国家老龄补助金研究所 (R01AG053960-01) 运输这项研究也得到了部分的支持, 神经病核心的埃默里神经科学一核心设施补助金, P30NS055077。

道德声明: 所有脑组织都是从埃默里老年痴呆和 #39 的疾病研究中心 (自抗扰) 脑银行获得的。人类死后组织是在适当的机构审查委员会 (IRB) 协议下获得的. 
 1. 均匀化和分馏 <ol> <li> 组织选择 注意: 从健康控制 (Ctl) 和经病理证实的 AD 病例的冷冻死后额叶皮质组织从埃默里抗扰的脑银行 ( n = 2)。病理评价淀粉样菌斑的分布情况, 根据该协会建立一个?...

<ol>
	<li>Taylor, J. P., Hardy, J., Fischbeck, K. H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Toxic+Proteins+in+Neurodegenerative+Disease.">Toxic Proteins in Neurodegenerative Disease.</a> Science. 296 (5575), 1991 (1991).</li><li>Ross, C. A., Poirier, M. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Protein+aggregation+and+neurodegenerative+disease.">Protein aggregation and neurodegenerative disease.</a> Nature Medicine. 10, S10-S17 (2004).</li><li>Ram&#237;rez-Alvarado, M., Merkel, J. S., Regan, L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+systematic+exploration+of+the+influence+of+the+protein+stability+on+amyloid+fibril+formation+in+vitro.">A systematic exploration of the influence of the protein stability on amyloid fibril formation in vitro.</a> Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 97 (16), 8979-8984 (2000).</li><li>Hamley, I. W. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+Amyloid+Beta+Peptide:+A+Chemist's+Perspective.+Role+in+Alzheimer's+and+Fibrillization.">The Amyloid Beta Peptide: A Chemist's Perspective. Role in Alzheimer's and Fibrillization.</a> Chem Rev. 112 (10), 5147-5192 (2012).</li><li>Diner, I., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Aggregation+Properties+of+the+Small+Nuclear+Ribonucleoprotein+U1-70K+in+Alzheimer+Disease.">Aggregation Properties of the Small Nuclear Ribonucleoprotein U1-70K in Alzheimer Disease.</a> J. Biol. Chem. 289 (51), 35296-35313 (2014).</li><li>Gozal, Y. M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Proteomics+Analysis+Reveals+Novel+Components+in+the+Detergent-Insoluble+Subproteome+in+Alzheimer's+Disease.">Proteomics Analysis Reveals Novel Components in the Detergent-Insoluble Subproteome in Alzheimer's Disease.</a> J. Proteome Res. 8 (11), 5069-5079 (2009).</li><li>Hales, C. M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Changes+in+the+detergent-insoluble+brain+proteome+linked+to+amyloid+and+tau+in+Alzheimer's+Disease+progression.">Changes in the detergent-insoluble brain proteome linked to amyloid and tau in Alzheimer's Disease progression.</a> PROTEOMICS. , (2016).</li><li>Julien, C., Bretteville, A., Planel, E., Sigurdsson, E. M., Calero, M., Gasset, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=.">.</a> Amyloid Proteins: Methods and Protocols. , 473-491 (2012).</li><li>Nizhnikov, A. A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Proteomic+Screening+for+Amyloid+Proteins.">Proteomic Screening for Amyloid Proteins.</a> PLoS ONE. 9 (12), e116003 (2014).</li><li>Seyfried, N. T., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Quantitative+analysis+of+the+detergent-insoluble+brain+proteome+in+frontotemporal+lobar+degeneration+using+SILAC+internal+standards.">Quantitative analysis of the detergent-insoluble brain proteome in frontotemporal lobar degeneration using SILAC internal standards.</a> J. Proteome Res. 11 (5), 2721-2738 (2012).</li><li>Woltjer, R. L., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Proteomic+determination+of+widespread+detergent+insolubility,+including+A&#946;+but+not+tau,+early+in+the+pathogenesis+of+Alzheimer's+disease.">Proteomic determination of widespread detergent insolubility, including A&#946; but not tau, early in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease.</a> FASEB J. , (2005).</li><li>Miake, H., Mizusawa, H., Iwatsubo, T., Hasegawa, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Biochemical+Characterization+of+the+Core+Structure+of+&#945;-Synuclein+Filaments.">Biochemical Characterization of the Core Structure of &#945;-Synuclein Filaments.</a> J. Biol. Chem. 277 (21), 19213-19219 (2002).</li><li>Hasegawa, M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Phosphorylated+&#945;-Synuclein+Is+Ubiquitinated+in+&#945;-Synucleinopathy+Lesions.">Phosphorylated &#945;-Synuclein Is Ubiquitinated in &#945;-Synucleinopathy Lesions.</a> J. Biol. Chem. 277 (50), 49071-49076 (2002).</li><li>Neumann, M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Ubiquitinated+TDP-43+in+Frontotemporal+Lobar+Degeneration+and+Amyotrophic+Lateral+Sclerosis.">Ubiquitinated TDP-43 in Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis.</a> Science. 314 (5796), 130 (2006).</li><li>Bishof, I., Diner, I., Seyfried, N. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=An+Intrinsically+Disordered+Low+Complexity+Domain+is+Required+for+U1-70K+Self-association.">An Intrinsically Disordered Low Complexity Domain is Required for U1-70K Self-association.</a> FASEB J. 29 (Suppl 1), (2015).</li><li>Braak, H., Braak, E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Neuropathological+stageing+of+Alzheimer-related+changes.">Neuropathological stageing of Alzheimer-related changes.</a> Acta Neuropathol. 82 (4), 239-259 (1991).</li><li>Noguchi, A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Isolation+and+Characterization+of+Patient-derived,+Toxic,+High+Mass+Amyloid+&#946;-Protein+(A&#946;)+Assembly+from+Alzheimer+Disease+Brains.">Isolation and Characterization of Patient-derived, Toxic, High Mass Amyloid &#946;-Protein (A&#946;) Assembly from Alzheimer Disease Brains.</a> J. Biol. Chem. 284 (47), 32895-32905 (2009).</li><li>Bai, B., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=U1+small+nuclear+ribonucleoprotein+complex+and+RNA+splicing+alterations+in+Alzheimer's+disease.">U1 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein complex and RNA splicing alterations in Alzheimer's disease.</a> Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 110 (41), 16562-16567 (2013).</li><li>Klunk, W. E., Pettegrew, J. W. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Alzheimer's+&#946;-Amyloid+Protein+Is+Covalently+Modified+when+Dissolved+in+Formic+Acid.">Alzheimer's &#946;-Amyloid Protein Is Covalently Modified when Dissolved in Formic Acid.</a> J Neurochem. 54 (6), 2050-2056 (1990).</li><li>Yang, L. -. S., Gordon-Krajcer, W., Ksiezak-Reding, H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Tau+Released+from+Paired+Helical+Filaments+with+Formic+Acid+or+Guanidine+Is+Susceptible+to+Calpain-Mediated+Proteolysis.">Tau Released from Paired Helical Filaments with Formic Acid or Guanidine Is Susceptible to Calpain-Mediated Proteolysis.</a> J Neurochem. 69 (4), 1548-1558 (1997).</li><li>Bai, B., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=U1+small+nuclear+ribonucleoprotein+complex+and+RNA+splicing+alterations+in+Alzheimer's+disease.">U1 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein complex and RNA splicing alterations in Alzheimer's disease.</a> Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 110 (41), 16562-16567 (2013).</li><li>Hales, C. M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=U1+small+nuclear+ribonucleoproteins+(snRNPs)+aggregate+in+Alzheimer's+disease+due+to+autosomal+dominant+genetic+mutations+and+trisomy+21.">U1 small nuclear ribonucleoproteins (snRNPs) aggregate in Alzheimer's disease due to autosomal dominant genetic mutations and trisomy 21.</a> Mol Neurodegener. 9 (1), 15 (2014).</li><li>Xiong, L. -. W., Raymond, L. D., Hayes, S. F., Raymond, G. J., Caughey, B. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Conformational+change,+aggregation+and+fibril+formation+induced+by+detergent+treatments+of+cellular+prion+protein.">Conformational change, aggregation and fibril formation induced by detergent treatments of cellular prion protein.</a> J Neurochem. 79 (3), 669-678 (2001).</li><li>Mirra, S. S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+Consortium+to+Establish+a+Registry+for+Alzheimer's+Disease+(CERAD).+Part+II.+Standardization+of+the+neuropathologic+assessment+of+Alzheimer's+disease.">The Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease (CERAD). Part II. Standardization of the neuropathologic assessment of Alzheimer's disease.</a> Neurology. 41 (4), 479-486 (1991).</li><li>Smith, P. K., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Measurement+of+protein+using+bicinchoninic+acid.">Measurement of protein using bicinchoninic acid.</a> Anal. Biochem. 150 (1), 76-85 (1985).</li><li>Guo, J. L., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Unique+pathological+tau+conformers+from+Alzheimer's+brains+transmit+tau+pathology+in+nontransgenic+mice.">Unique pathological tau conformers from Alzheimer's brains transmit tau pathology in nontransgenic mice.</a> J. Exp. Med. 213 (12), 2635-2654 (2016).</li><li>Matveev, S. V., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+distinct+subfraction+of+A&#946;+is+responsible+for+the+high-affinity+Pittsburgh+compound+B-binding+site+in+Alzheimer's+disease+brain.">A distinct subfraction of A&#946; is responsible for the high-affinity Pittsburgh compound B-binding site in Alzheimer's disease brain.</a> J Neurochem. 131 (3), 356-368 (2014).</li></ol>

在此, 我们介绍并讨论了一个简化的单步洗涤剂分馏协议, 适用于广泛的各种实验应用范围从质量谱蛋白质组学分析到功能蛋白折叠测定和西部印迹。5,6,7,10这种方法可能是最有效的, 当用于研究神经退行性 proteinopathies, 如阿尔茨海默氏症, ALS, 亨廷顿氏症, 朊病毒疾病和各种 tauopathies。与原来的五步顺?...

神经退行性疾病, 如阿尔茨海默氏病 (AD)、帕金森氏病 (PD)、亨廷顿氏病 (HD)、肌萎缩侧索硬化症 (ALS), 以及与之密切相关的朊病毒疾病, proteinopathies 的特点是逐渐积累洗涤剂-不溶性蛋白质聚集在大脑中伴随着认知能力的下降。1,2这种共同的病理特征被认为在这些神经退行性疾病的病因和病理生理学中起着中心作用。2这些聚合体通常由聚合淀粉样纤维组成, 它们由错误蛋白的重复单位构成, 其表现为跨β结构。1,2,3,4生化, 淀粉样蛋白聚合体对化学或热变性和增溶具有很强的抗性,3在传统生化技术中对其纯化、分析和研究提出了独特的挑战。2,5,6,7,8,9,10,11不难的是, 不溶性的蛋白质组分一直是许多研究神经退行性疾病的病理生理学的焦点, 涉及错误蛋白的积累。6,12,13,14
生化分馏技术经常被用来丰富从死后脑匀的洗涤剂不溶性分数。6,12,13,14最常见的方法之一是对组织匀进行顺序提取, 并增加严格的缓冲剂和洗涤剂, 然后离心分解可溶性和不溶性组分。通常使用的顺序分馏协议6,14涉及在无洗涤剂低盐 (LS) 缓冲液中的冷冻组织样品的均一性, 然后依次提取含有高盐, 非离子洗涤剂, 高蔗糖, 离子洗涤剂, 最后 chaotropes 像尿素的缓冲器。6,14此类顺序分馏协议的一个明显的缺点是完成它们所需的大量时间和人工承诺。包括均匀化和离心, 一个典型的五步分馏协议可能需要几个小时甚至几天的时间来完成。4,6,7,10,15,16,17,18此外, 由于许多病理蛋白聚集物仍然不溶于所有, 但最苛刻的条件19,20大多数生成的分数都是有限的值。因此, 使用高盐浓度和非离子洗涤剂的不太严格的分馏步骤基本上是多余的。
以往的研究表明, 离子洗涤剂 n-十二烷基肌 (sarkosyl) 是一个很好的候选的简化一步洗涤剂分馏协议。5,6,12,13,14,21,22,23作为一种变性洗涤剂, sarkosyl 是严格的, 足以溶解在大脑中的绝大多数本机折叠的蛋白质, 没有磷错误蛋白聚合组成β-淀粉样 (a),6,11磷酸化 tau (pTau),6焦油 DNA 结合蛋白 43 (TDP-43),14 α-核,12,13病,23或 U1 小核均一 (U1 snRNPs), 如 U1-70K。5,21,22由于 sarkosyl 比无处不在的阴离子洗涤剂十二烷基硫酸钠 (sds) 的严格, 它保留了不太坚固的聚形式的错误蛋白骨料, 无法抵御 sds 治疗。9
以前, 我们描述了一个缩写的洗涤剂分馏协议, 取得的结果可与更费力的顺序分馏方法相媲美。5通过省略较不严格的分馏步骤, 我们得以开发出一种简便的单步分馏协议, 用于丰富死后人脑中的洗涤剂不溶性蛋白聚集物。5本文所述的详细协议非常适合于从西方印迹和大量谱蛋白质组学到功能性蛋白质折叠和聚合播种试验等一系列实验应用。5,6,21

<table>
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>Protease and phosphatase inhibitor cocktail, EDTA-free (100X)</td>
			<td>Thermo Fisher</td>
			<td>78441</td>
			<td>protease &#38; phosphatase inhibitor cocktail</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Sonic Dismembrator System (ultrasonicator)</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>FB505110</td>
			<td>microtip ultrasonicator</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Optimax TLX Ultracentrifuge</td>
			<td>Beckman Coulter</td>
			<td>361545</td>
			<td>refrigerated ultracentrifuge</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>TLA120.1 rotor</td>
			<td>Beckman Coulter</td>
			<td>362224</td>
			<td>ultracentrifuge rotor</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>500 ul (8x34mm) polycarbonate tubes, thickwall</td>
			<td>Beckman Coulter</td>
			<td>343776</td>
			<td>ultracentrifuge tubes for TLA120.1 rotor</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>4X SDS sample buffer</td>
			<td>Home-made</td>
			<td>N/A</td>
			<td>SDS-PAGE</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>TCEP solution, neutral pH</td>
			<td>Thermo Fisher</td>
			<td>77720</td>
			<td>reducing agent</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>(TBS) blocking buffer</td>
			<td>Thermo Fisher</td>
			<td>37542</td>
			<td>blocking buffer</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>(TBS) blocking buffer + 0.05% Tween 20</td>
			<td>Thermo Fisher</td>
			<td>37543</td>
			<td>blocking buffer and antibody diluent</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>4-12% Bolt Bis-Tris Plus gels, 10-well</td>
			<td>Thermo Fisher</td>
			<td>NW04120BOX</td>
			<td>precast SDS-PAGE gels</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>MES SDS Running Buffer (20X)</td>
			<td>Thermo Fisher</td>
			<td>B0002</td>
			<td>SDS-PAGE running buffer</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>N-Lauroylsarcosine sodium salt (sarkosyl)</td>
			<td>Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td>L5777-50G</td>
			<td>detergent</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>1.5 ml polypropylene Pellet Pestle</td>
			<td>Kimble Chase</td>
			<td>749521-1500</td>
			<td>homogenization tool</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>cordless motor for Pellet Pestle</td>
			<td>Kimble Chase</td>
			<td>749540-0000</td>
			<td>homogenization tool</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Anti-Tau-2 (pan tau) antibody</td>
			<td>Chemicon</td>
			<td>MAB375</td>
			<td>antibodies</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Anti-phospho-threonine 231 Tau antibody</td>
			<td>Millipore</td>
			<td>MAB5450</td>
			<td>antibodies</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Anti-phospho-seroine 202 and threonine 205 Tau antibody (AT8)</td>
			<td>Thermo Fisher</td>
			<td>MN1020</td>
			<td>antibodies</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Anti-early endosome antigen 1 (EEA1) antibody</td>
			<td>abcam</td>
			<td>ab2900</td>
			<td>antibodies</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Alexa Fluor 680 goat anti-mouse IgG (H+L) secondary antibody</td>
			<td>Thermo Fisher</td>
			<td>A21058</td>
			<td>antibodies</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Alexa Fluor 790 donkey anti-rabbit IgG (H+L) secondary antibody</td>
			<td>Thermo Fisher</td>
			<td>A11374</td>
			<td>antibodies</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>iBlot2 Dry Blotting System</td>
			<td>Thermo Fisher</td>
			<td>IB21001</td>
			<td>Gel transfer</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>iBlot2 Transfer Stacks, Nitrocellulose, mini</td>
			<td>Thermo Fisher</td>
			<td>IB23002</td>
			<td>Gel transfer</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

enrichment of detergent-insoluble protein aggregates from human postmortem brain

在本研究中, 我们描述了一个缩写的单步分馏协议, 以丰富的洗涤剂不溶性蛋白聚集从人死后大脑。离子洗涤剂 n-十二烷基肌 (sarkosyl) 有效地 solubilizes 本机折叠蛋白质在脑组织允许丰富的洗涤剂不溶性蛋白聚集从广泛的神经退行性 proteinopathies, 如阿尔茨海默病 (AD), 帕金森氏症和肌萎缩侧索硬化症, 和朊病毒疾病。人的控制和 AD 死后的脑组织均匀化和沉淀的离心存在的 sarkosyl 丰富的洗涤剂不溶性蛋白骨料, 包括病理磷酸化 tau, 纤维的核心组成部分在广告中缠结。西部印迹显示了聚合磷酸化 tau 和洗涤剂可溶性蛋白, 早期 Endosome 抗原 1 (EEA1) 在控制和 AD 脑的差异溶解度。蛋白质组分析还显示, 与对照组相比, 在 AD 脑 sarkosyl 不溶性的片段中, β淀粉样蛋白 (a)、tau、snRNP70 (U1-70K) 和载脂蛋白 E (脂蛋白) 的富集与以前的组织分馏策略相一致.因此, 这一简单的浓缩协议是理想的广泛的实验应用范围从西方印迹和功能蛋白 co-aggregation 化验, 以大规模谱蛋白质组学。

缩写的单步 sarkosyl 分馏协议是用来丰富从控制和 AD 死后大脑 (图 1) 的洗涤剂不溶性蛋白集料。S1、S2 和 P2 分数的蛋白质通过 SDS-页解决, 固定在马斯亮蓝色定影液中15分钟, 然后用马斯亮亮蓝 G-250 染色缓冲液进行温和染色。悬浮步骤是可选的, 因为 S2 馏分中的蛋白质含量是不可检测的 (见 1.1.14)。西方印迹分析 ( 图 2A</strong...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Enrichment of Detergent-insoluble Protein Aggregates from Human Postmortem Brain at JoVE.com

Enrichment of Detergent-insoluble Protein Aggregates from Human Postmortem Brain

本文介绍了一种从人死后大脑中浓缩洗涤剂不溶性蛋白集料的简化分馏方法。

人死后脑中洗涤剂不溶性蛋白的富集

In this study, we describe an abbreviated single-step fractionation protocol for the enrichment of detergent-insoluble protein aggregates from human ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Biochemistry

Protein Complex Affinity Capture from Cryomilled Mammalian Cells

从Cryomilled哺乳动物细胞中的蛋白质复合物亲和捕获

Affinity capture is an effective technique for isolating endogenous protein complexes for further study. When used in conjunction with an antibody, this ...

科研

生物化学

Tandem Affinity Purification of Protein Complexes from Eukaryotic Cells

从真核细胞蛋白质复合体串联亲和纯化

The purification of active protein-protein and protein-nucleic acid complexes is crucial for the characterization of enzymatic activities and de novo ...

Protein Digestion, Ultrafiltration, and Size Exclusion Chromatography to Optimize the Isolation of Exosomes from Human Blood Plasma and Serum

蛋白质消化、超滤和尺寸排除色谱法优选人血浆和血清外来体的分离

Exosomes, a type of nanovesicle released from all cell types, can be isolated from any bodily fluid. The contents of exosomes, including proteins and ...

Calibration-free In Vitro Quantification of Protein Homo-oligomerization Using Commercial Instrumentation and Free, Open Source Brightness Analysis Software

Calibration-free In Vitro Quantification of Protein Homo-oligomerization Using Commercial Instrumentation and Free, Open Source Brightness Analysis Software

利用商用仪器和自由开源亮度分析软件对蛋白质的聚齐聚进行无标定的体外定量化

Number and brightness is a calibration-free fluorescence fluctuation spectroscopy (FFS) technique for detecting protein homo-oligomerization. It can be ...

Detection of Protein Ubiquitination Sites by Peptide Enrichment and Mass Spectrometry

通过肽浓缩和质谱检测蛋白质泛化位点检测

The posttranslational modification of proteins by the small protein ubiquitin is involved in many cellular events. After tryptic digestion of ...

Robust Comparison of Protein Levels Across Tissues and Throughout Development Using Standardized Quantitative Western Blotting

利用标准化定量西方印迹技术, 对跨组织和整个开发过程中的蛋白质水平进行可靠比较

Western blotting is a technique that is commonly used to detect and quantify protein expression. Over the years, this technique has led to many advances ...

Single-Step Enrichment of a TAP-Tagged Histone Deacetylase of the Filamentous Fungus Aspergillus nidulans for Enzymatic Activity Assay

Single-Step Enrichment of a TAP-Tagged Histone Deacetylase of the Filamentous Fungus Aspergillus nidulans for Enzymatic Activity Assay

丝状真菌曲霉菌的单步富集蛋白脱乙酰化酶的酶活性测定

Class 1 histone deacetylases (HDACs) like RpdA have gained importance as potential targets for treatment of fungal infections and for genome mining of ...

Kinase Inhibitor Screening In Self-assembled Human Protein Microarrays

自组装的人类蛋白质微阵列中的激酶抑制剂筛选

The screening of kinase inhibitors is crucial for better understanding properties of a drug and for the identification of potentially new targets with ...

Characterizing Individual Protein Aggregates by Infrared Nanospectroscopy and Atomic Force Microscopy

通过红外纳米光谱和原子力显微镜对单个蛋白质聚合进行特征化

The phenomenon of protein misfolding and aggregation results in the formation of highly heterogeneous protein aggregates, which are associated with ...