Name: subcutaneous neurotrophin 4 infusion using osmotic pumps or direct muscular injection enhances aging rat laryngeal muscles
Uploaded: 2017-06-13T15:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Subcutaneous Neurotrophin 4 Infusion Using Osmotic Pumps or Direct Muscular Injection Enhances Aging Rat Laryngeal Muscles at JoVE.com

Este trabalho foi apoiado por bolsas do Instituto Nacional de Surdez e Outros Transtornos de Comunicação (R21DC010806 para CAM e JCS e R01DC011285 para CAM).

Use ratos machos Fischer 344-Brown Norway com 6 e 30 meses de idade para este protocolo. Os ratos foram obtidos da colônia de roedores do Instituto Nacional do Envelhecimento. Utilizamos ratos para este estudo porque a estrutura da laringe de ratos é semelhante à do ser humano, servindo funcionalmente para a proteção das vias aéreas e vocalizações específicas de espécies. Este estudo foi realizado de acordo com a Política PHS sobre Cuidados Humanos e Uso de Animais de Laboratório, O Guia NIH para o Cuidado e...

<ol>
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Os músculos laríngeos são vulneráveis ​​aos efeitos desfavoráveis ​​do envelhecimento. Estudos anteriores demonstraram alterações nos músculos da laringe envelhecidos que incluem mudanças no tamanho da fibra, número total de fibras, capacidade regenerativa, tamanho NMJ e alterações quantitativas, além de variações na função contrátil e mudanças da isoforma da miosina 4 , 11 , 27 , <sup clas...

Os músculos laríngeos se contraem de forma rápida e consistente e são vulneráveis ​​aos efeitos adversos do envelhecimento. Espera-se que essa atividade constante contribua para problemas de voz ou disfagia observados em pessoas com mais de 65 anos de idade 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 . Vários mecanismos moleculares e fisiopatológicos contribuem para esta disfunção relacionada à idade. Esses mecanismos podem incluir a remodelação da mucosa laríngea, a atrofia ou perda de fibras musculares, a falta de regeneração ou atrofia de fibras musculares que provoca curvatura das pregas vocais e incapacidade de fechamento gloteado 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 . Não há uma terapia médica comprovada neste momento que possa comPrever ou reabilitar essas mudanças relacionadas com a idade desses músculos. A modulação da eficácia da transmissão neuromuscular pode influenciar significativamente o desempenho neuromotor. A família das neurotrofinas inclui o fator de crescimento nervoso (NGF), o fator de crescimento do nervo derivado do cérebro (BDNF), neurotrofina 3 (NTF3) e NTF4 12 , 13 . Verificou-se que as neurotrofinas modulam a eficácia sináptica 1 , 4 . O fator de crescimento de hepatócitos, o fator de crescimento transformador beta e o fator de crescimento de fibroblastos foram recentemente utilizados em seres humanos para o tratamento de cicatrizes de pregas vocais de 15 a 17 . NTF4 também regula a eficácia NMJ; Ratos com falta de NTF4 mostram NMJs desmontados 11 , 18 , 19 . Esses estudos levam a efeitos promissores do tratamentoT do envelhecimento dos distúrbios do músculo laríngeo e da desnervação com fatores de crescimento. A terapêutica de injeção direta aos tecidos das pregas vocais não é sem precedentes em seres humanos. Por exemplo, as injeções locais de toxina botulínica são atualmente utilizadas como um tratamento eficaz para distúrbios do movimento neurológico que afetam os músculos da laringe, como a disfonia espasmódica e paralisia bilateral do nervo laríngeo 20 , 21 . O hidrogel de ácido hialurônico é outro injetável, que é usado para tratar a queima de dobras vocais e insuficiência glotal 22 , 23 . A laringoplastia por injeção pode ser usada para tratar uma variedade de distúrbios de comunicação 24 . Esses métodos de injeção direta são promissores para melhorar a função vocal e deglutição no envelhecimento populacional.

<table border="1" fo:keep-together.within-page="1" fo:keep-with-next.within-page="always">
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>Neurotrophin 4</td>
			<td>Pepro Tech</td>
			<td>450-04</td>
			<td>200ng in 50&#956;l</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Alzet Osmotic Pump</td>
			<td>DURECT Corporation</td>
			<td>2001D</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>30&#176; endoscope</td>
			<td>Stoltz</td>
			<td>61029D</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>50mm 30 gauge 100-&#956;l syringe</td>
			<td>Hamilton</td>
			<td>84850 and 201812</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>saline (sodium chloride solution)</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>S8776</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>ketamine hydrochloride</td>
			<td>Henry Schein</td>
			<td>56344</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>xylazine hydrochloride</td>
			<td>Henry Schein</td>
			<td>33198</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>25 G 5/8 needle</td>
			<td>Becton-Dickinson</td>
			<td>305901</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>1 ml syringe</td>
			<td>Becton-Dickinson</td>
			<td>309659</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>ophthalmic ointment</td>
			<td>Henry Schein</td>
			<td>8897</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>clippers</td>
			<td>Oster</td>
			<td>44-018</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>ethanol</td>
			<td>Decon</td>
			<td>2716</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>iodine (Betadine)</td>
			<td>Purdue Pharma L.P.</td>
			<td>606404</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>heating pad</td>
			<td>Sunbeam</td>
			<td>731-5</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>5-0 nylon suture thread</td>
			<td>AD Surgical</td>
			<td>PMN-518R6</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>crile hemostat</td>
			<td>Fine Science Tools</td>
			<td>13005-14</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>delicate suture tying forceps</td>
			<td>Fine Science Tools</td>
			<td>11063-07</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>meloxicam</td>
			<td>Henry Schein</td>
			<td>49756</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>carprofen</td>
			<td>Merritt Veterinary Supplies</td>
			<td>148700</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>antibiotic ointment</td>
			<td>Henry Schein</td>
			<td>57110</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>acepromizine Aceproject</td>
			<td>Henry Schein</td>
			<td>3845</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>isoflurane Isothesia</td>
			<td>Henry Schein</td>
			<td>50033</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>induction box (anesthetizing box)</td>
			<td>Harvard Apparatus</td>
			<td>50-0116</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>oxygen compressed tank</td>
			<td>Scott Gross</td>
			<td>UN1072</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>plexiglas platform</td>
			<td>Small Parts Inc (Amazon)</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>rubber tipped forceps</td>
			<td>Fine science tools rubber</td>
			<td>11075-00</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>liquid rubber for forceps above</td>
			<td>Lowe&#39;s</td>
			<td>42518</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>plastic spectula (BD syringe cut to length)</td>
			<td>Becton-Dickinson</td>
			<td>309659</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>halogen light source rhino-laryngeal stroboscope</td>
			<td>Kay-Pentax</td>
			<td>RLS 9100 B</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>video recorder</td>
			<td>Kay-Pentax</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>sucrose</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>S0389-500G</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>phosphate buffered saline</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>P4417-100TAB</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>cryostat Mictotom HM525</td>
			<td>Thermo Scientific</td>
			<td>HM 525</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Gill 1 hematoxylin</td>
			<td>VWR</td>
			<td>10143-142</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Shandon eosin-Y alcoholic</td>
			<td>Thermo Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>6766007</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>anti-sodium channel Nav1.5 antibody produced in rabbit</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>S0819</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Texas red-X phalloidin</td>
			<td>Sigma-Aldrich</td>
			<td>T7471</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>alpha- bungarotoxin alexa fluor 488 conjugate</td>
			<td>Thermo Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>B-13422</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Small animal anaesthesia machine</td>
			<td>Smiths Medical</td>
			<td>CDS 9000</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

subcutaneous neurotrophin 4 infusion using osmotic pumps or direct muscular injection enhances aging rat laryngeal muscles

A disfunção laríngea em idosos é uma das principais causas de incapacidade, de distúrbios de voz à disfagia e perda de reflexos protetores das vias aéreas. Poucas, se houver, existem terapias que visam a disfunção do músculo laríngeo relacionado à idade. As neurotrofinas estão envolvidas na inervação muscular e na diferenciação das junções neuromusculares (NMJs). Pensa-se que as neurotrofinas melhoram a transmissão neuromuscular ao aumentar a liberação do neurotransmissor. As junções neuromusculares (NMJs) tornam-se menores e menos abundantes no envelhecimento dos músculos da laringe do rato, com evidência de desnervação funcional. Nós exploramos os efeitos do NTF4 para o uso clínico futuro como um procedimento terapêutico para melhorar a função no envelhecimento dos músculos da laringe humana. Aqui, fornecemos o protocolo detalhado para aplicação sistêmica e injeção direta de NTF4 para investigar a capacidade do músculo laríngeo do rato em envelhecimento de remodelar em resposta à aplicação NTF4. Neste método, os ratos receberam NTF4 sistematicamente via oBomba smotic ou por injeção direta através das pregas vocais. Os músculos laríngeos foram então dissecados e utilizados para exame histológico de morfologia e denervação relacionada à idade.

Os ratos foram eutanásicos após 2 semanas de infusão de bomba osmótica ou 1 semana após a injeção direta de NTF4. Larynges foram colhidos, colocados em crioprotectores (30% de sacarose e 70% de solução salina tamponada com fosfato) e depois seccionados em série em 10 μm de largura com um criostato. O envelhecimento dos músculos laríngeos é afetado pela administração de NTF4 25 . Além de ratos jovens e velhos, comparamos o lado injetado e não inje...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Subcutaneous Neurotrophin 4 Infusion Using Osmotic Pumps or Direct Muscular Injection Enhances Aging Rat Laryngeal Muscles at JoVE.com

Subcutaneous Neurotrophin 4 Infusion Using Osmotic Pumps or Direct Muscular Injection Enhances Aging Rat Laryngeal Muscles

Aqui, apresentamos um protocolo para descrever o uso de neurotrofina 4 (NTF4) sistematicamente e diretamente para remodelar os músculos laríngeos do envelhecimento do rato.

A infusão subcutânea de neurotrofina 4 com bombas osmóticas ou injeção muscular direta melhora o envelhecimento dos músculos da laringe do rato

Laryngeal dysfunction in the elderly is a major cause of disability, from voice disorders to dysphagia and loss of airway protective reflexes. Few, if ...

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