Name: induction of cellular differentiation and single cell imaging of vibrio parahaemolyticus swimmer and swarmer cells
Uploaded: 2017-05-15T15:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Induction of Cellular Differentiation and Single Cell Imaging of Vibrio parahaemolyticus Swimmer and Swarmer Cells at JoVE.com

这项工作得到马克斯·普朗克社会的支持。

1.电生理的副溶血性弧菌细胞的制备和质粒DNA电泳到游泳细胞中注意：该协议的以下部分允许制备电感受态细胞，随后将质粒DNA电穿孔到游泳细胞中。如果荧光蛋白从质粒外显子表达，这个步骤很重要。 <ol><li>将来自-80℃甘油储备的V.副溶血弧菌细胞分离到含有100μg/ mL氨苄青霉素的新鲜LB琼脂平板上，并在37℃下孵育过夜。 </li><li>第二天，接种具有单个副溶?...

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本文报告了一种用于副溶血性弧菌细胞的显微镜成像的方法，随后进行下游分析，旨在解决和量化研究的荧光标记蛋白质的亚细胞定位和其他特征。虽然对于显微镜图像处理和分析存在几种工具14,15,16,17,18，副溶血弧菌聚集细胞的分析仍然是具有挑战性的，因为它们通常存在于密集的细胞群中，并且细胞长度的变化很大（ 图2 ）。因此，自动细胞检测有时是错误的，因此...

细菌不断经历对外部环境的变化，并开发了几种技术来相应地改变和调整其行为。一种这样的机制涉及分化为更好地补充改变的环境的不同细胞类型。分化通常涉及细胞周期调控，细胞形态和细胞时空组织的重大变化。可以进行分化的一种生物体是副溶血弧菌（Vibrio parahaemolyticus） 。 副溶血性弧菌属于Vibrionaceae ，它是通常居住在新鲜或咸水中的一类蛋白菌。 伏立木科植物广泛分布在环境中，包括引起人类肠道感染的若干物种，也包括霍乱弧菌。副溶血弧菌是一个二态生物，能够分化成两种不同的细胞类型，作为对其变化的反应外部环境在水环境中，它作为一个短杆形游泳细胞存在，单个极鞭毛位于老细胞柱上。在表面接触时，触发分解成更细胞的细胞。 Swarmer细胞分化涉及两个主要变化：通过抑制细胞分裂使细胞形态发生变化，并诱导第二鞭毛系统。这导致形成了围绕和高度细长的棒状的旋转细胞，其可以继续使用更生命的生活方式，其中分裂事件导致后代的swarmer细胞，或者分化回游泳细胞。 据报道有几个因素诱导或影响sw mer分化。主要刺激似乎是通过机械感应驱动的，其中副溶血性弧菌使用极鞭毛作为触觉传感器，其检测表面接触时的旋转抑制，但是涉及其他几个因素好1 。在实验室中，极地鞭毛的旋转可以通过加入苯胺进行人为的抑制，其阻止钠通道驱动的鞭毛旋转，从而诱导更多的分化2 。此外，在早期的研究中，当细胞在用透明塑料胶带密封的培养皿中的生长培养基上繁殖时，诱导溶解在溶解固体培养基上的溶弧弧菌 。碱饱和过滤纸在这些条件下阻止了群集，因此表明一个或多个挥发性酸可能参与诱导群集。因此，用塑料胶带密封培养皿可能允许在板的顶部空间内积聚作为细胞新陈代谢的副产物的挥发性酸。当在未密封的培养皿中将H 2 O 2加入到生长培养基中以通过水解培养基成分人工产生挥发性酸时，获得了相同的效果<supclass =“xref”&gt; 3，4，5 。然而，这种挥发性酸的身份仍然是未知的。此外，已经表明，钙6和铁限制7的过量可用性都增强了在固体表面上的分散和增殖。通过将化合物2,2&#39;-联吡啶加入到生长培养基中，可以使细胞饥饿，这已经显示出影响swarmer分化8 。已知调节分化的因素现在在可重复地诱导副溶血弧菌分化成swarmer细胞的方案的设计中实现，并且在固体琼脂表面上增殖。 副溶血性分化涉及细胞分裂调控，细胞形态学，大分子机器如flagell的定位的重大变化a和趋化性装置 - 根据细胞周期都需要蛋白质的特异性定位的过程。因此，研究这些蛋白质的细胞内定位的能力对于理解上述细胞过程是至关重要的。为了进行这样的研究，需要在单细胞上进行荧光显微镜检查。当在密集细菌群体中存在的细胞成像时，这可能是特别有挑战性的，如同泡沫细胞的情况。已经尝试在液体培养基中诱导更多的分化，这可能潜在地产生用于显微镜研究的单细胞。尽管在转录水平上，这些细胞已经部分地诱导了Swarmer分化程序，但是它们不像在固体培养基8上生长的完全分化的swarmer细胞经历相同的形态学变化。本文提供了一种强大且可重复的方法来诱导swarmer ce的方法在琼脂表面上分化。该方案产生容易获得的swarmer细胞群，可用于单细胞显微镜和随后的分析。此外，该方案可以使游泳者和swarmer细胞类型中的荧光标记蛋白质的定位研究（部分1,2,3,4）。此外，该协议描述了如何处理和分析来自荧光显微镜实验的生成数据的后续工作流程，其允许细菌学社会的人口统计学分析（第5节）。

<table border="1" fo:keep-together.within-page="1" fo:keep-with-next.within-page="always">
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>Media components</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>LB-medium</td>
			<td>Roth</td>
			<td>X968.3</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Difco Agar, granulated</td>
			<td>BD</td>
			<td>214510</td>
			<td>For preparation of LB agar with LB-medium</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Difco Heart Infusion Agar</td>
			<td>BD</td>
			<td>244400</td>
			<td>For preparation of HI agar swarming plates</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Agarose NEEO, ultra quality</td>
			<td>Roth</td>
			<td>2267.3</td>
			<td>For preparation of microscopy agarose pads</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Name</td>
			<td>Company</td>
			<td>Catalog Number</td>
			<td>Comments</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Additives</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>L-arabinose</td>
			<td>Roth</td>
			<td>5118.3</td>
			<td>Used to induce pBAD derivatives</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>2,2`-Bipyridyl</td>
			<td>Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td>D216305-25G</td>
			<td>For preparation of HI agar swarming plates</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Calcium chloride dihydrate</td>
			<td>Roth</td>
			<td>5239.1</td>
			<td>For preparation of HI agar swarming plates</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Ampicillin sodium salt</td>
			<td>Roth</td>
			<td>K029.3</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Chloramphenicol</td>
			<td>Roth</td>
			<td>3886.3</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>PBS buffer</td>
			<td>-</td>
			<td>-</td>
			<td>Standard recipe for Phosphate-buffered saline</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>D(+) Sucrose</td>
			<td>Roth</td>
			<td>4621.1</td>
			<td>For preparation of electrocompetent cells</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Glycerol</td>
			<td>Roth</td>
			<td>3783.5</td>
			<td>For preparation of electrocompetent cells</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Name</td>
			<td>Company</td>
			<td>Catalog Number</td>
			<td>Comments</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Hardware</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Petri dish 150x20mm with cams</td>
			<td>Sarstedt</td>
			<td>82.1184.500</td>
			<td>For preparation of HI agar swarming plates</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>kelvitron t (B 6420)</td>
			<td>Heraeus</td>
			<td>-</td>
			<td>Used for drying HI agar swarming plates</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Gene Pulser Xcell Microbial System</td>
			<td>BioRad</td>
			<td>1652662</td>
			<td>Used for elctroporation of plasmid DNA</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Name</td>
			<td>Company</td>
			<td>Catalog Number</td>
			<td>Comments</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Software</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>MetaMorph Offline (version 7.7.5.0)</td>
			<td>Molecular Devices</td>
			<td>-</td>
			<td>Used for microscopy image analysis</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Excel</td>
			<td>Microsoft</td>
			<td>-</td>
			<td>Used for microscopy data analsis</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

induction of cellular differentiation and single cell imaging of vibrio parahaemolyticus swimmer and swarmer cells

研究蛋白质的细胞内定位的能力对于了解许多细胞过程是至关重要的。反过来，这需要获得用于荧光显微镜的单细胞的能力，当在细菌群落内存在细胞时，这可能是特别具有挑战性的。例如，人类病原体副溶血弧菌在液体条件下作为短棒状游泳细胞存在，其在表面接触时分化成专门用于在固体表面上生长的高度细长的漂浮细胞的亚群。本文提出了一种在其两种差异状态下进行副溶血弧菌的单细胞荧光显微镜分析的方法。该协议非常可重复地诱导副溶血弧菌分解成更细胞的生命周期，并促进其在固体表面上的增殖。该方法产生从t延伸的分化的swarmer细胞的耀斑他的群体边缘。值得注意的是，在群星的尖端，细胞细胞存在于单层细胞中，这允许它们容易地转移到显微镜载玻片上并随后进行单细胞的荧光显微镜成像。此外，介绍了细菌社会人口统计学图像分析工作流程。作为原理证明，描述了溶血性弧菌的游泳者和swarmer细胞中趋化性信号阵列的细胞内定位的分析。

诱导分化和产生群集菌落 图1提供了生产副溶血弧菌群落的重要步骤的模式（ 图1A-C ）。游泳者培养物被发现在群体琼脂上，并在24 ℃下孵育，在固体琼脂表面上诱发更多的分化和增殖。 图2中给出了群集群体的代表性立体显微镜图像。立体显微镜成像清楚地显示了从群集周边向外延...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Induction of Cellular Differentiation and Single Cell Imaging of Vibrio parahaemolyticus Swimmer and Swarmer Cells at JoVE.com

Induction of Cellular Differentiation and Single Cell Imaging of Vibrio parahaemolyticus Swimmer and Swarmer Cells

该协议允许单细胞显微镜检查差异不同的副溶血弧菌游泳运动员和swarmer细胞。该方法产生容易获得单细胞分析的swarmer细胞群，并涵盖细胞培养物的制备，诱导分子分化，样品制备和图像分析。

诱导细胞分化和单细胞成像<em&gt;副溶血性弧菌</em游泳者和Swarmer细胞

The ability to study the intracellular localization of proteins is essential for the understanding of many cellular processes. In turn, this requires the ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Immunology and Infection

Induction of Cellular Differentiation and Single Cell Imaging of Vibrio parahaemolyticus Swimmer and Swarmer Cells

Colonization of Euprymna scolopes Squid by Vibrio fischeri

Colonization of Euprymna scolopes Squid by Vibrio fischeri

定植 Euprymna scolopes鱿鱼由弧菌鲵</em

Specific bacteria are found in association with animal tissue1-5. Such host-bacterial associations (symbioses) can be detrimental (pathogenic), have no ...

科研

免疫与感染

Quantitative High-throughput Single-cell Cytotoxicity Assay For T Cells

定量高通量单细胞的细胞毒性T细胞的测定

Cancer immunotherapy can harness the specificity of  immune response to target and eliminate tumors. Adoptive cell therapy (ACT)  based on the adoptive ...

Clinical Application of Sleeping Beauty and Artificial Antigen Presenting Cells to Genetically Modify T Cells from Peripheral and Umbilical Cord Blood

Clinical Application of Sleeping Beauty and Artificial Antigen Presenting Cells to Genetically Modify T Cells from Peripheral and Umbilical Cord Blood

临床应用<em&gt;睡美人</em和人工抗原呈递细胞基因修饰T细胞从外设和脐带血中

The potency of clinical-grade T cells can be improved by combining gene therapy with immunotherapy to engineer  a biologic product with the potential for ...

Isolation and Th17 Differentiation of Na&iuml;ve CD4 T Lymphocytes

Isolation and Th17 Differentiation of NaÃƒÆ’Ã‚Â¯ve CD4 T Lymphocytes

隔离和幼稚的CD4 T细胞的Th17细胞分化

Th17 cells are a distinct subset of T cells that have been found to produce interleukin 17 (IL-17), and differ in function from the other T cell subsets ...

Cortical Actin Flow in T Cells Quantified by Spatio-temporal Image Correlation Spectroscopy of Structured Illumination Microscopy Data

皮层肌动蛋白流通过结构照明显微镜数据的时空图像相关光谱量化性T细胞

Filamentous-actin plays a crucial role in a majority of cell processes including motility and, in immune cells, the formation of a key cell-cell ...

Development of a More Sensitive and Specific Chromogenic Agar Medium for the Detection of Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Other Vibrio Species

Development of a More Sensitive and Specific Chromogenic Agar Medium for the Detection of Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Other Vibrio Species

对于检测到的敏感性和特异性显色琼脂培养基发展<em&gt;副溶血性弧菌</em&gt;及其他<em&gt;弧菌</em&gt;物种

Foodborne infections in the US caused by Vibrio species have shown an upward trend. In the genus Vibrio, V. parahaemolyticus is responsible for the ...

Highly Multiplexed, Super-resolution Imaging of T Cells Using madSTORM

使用madSTORM进行高分辨率，超分辨率的T细胞成像

Imaging heterogeneous cellular structures using single molecule localization microscopy has been hindered by inadequate localization precision and ...

Development and Validation of an Ultrasensitive Single Molecule Array Digital Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay for Human Interferon-&#945;

Development and Validation of an Ultrasensitive Single Molecule Array Digital Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay for Human Interferon-ÃƒÆ’Ã…Â½Ãƒâ€šÃ‚Â±

人干扰素α超灵敏单分子阵列数字酶联免疫吸附试验的研制与验证

The main aim of this protocol is to describe the development and validation of an interferon (IFN)-&#945; single molecule array digital Enzyme-Linked ...

Assessing Cellular Stress and Inflammation in Discrete Oxytocin-secreting Brain Nuclei in the Neonatal Rat Before and After First Colostrum Feeding

新生儿初乳喂养前后离散催产素分泌脑核细胞应激与炎症的评估

The goal of this protocol is to isolate oxytocin-receptor rich brain nuclei in the neonatal brain before and after first colostrum feeding. The expression ...

Functionalization of Atomic Force Microscope Cantilevers with Single-T Cells or Single-Particle for Immunological Single-Cell Force Spectroscopy

原子力显微镜罐体功能化,具有单T细胞或单粒子免疫单细胞力光谱

Atomic force microscopy based single cell force spectroscopy (AFM-SCFS) is a powerful tool for studying biophysical properties of living cells. This ...