Name: the 4-vessel sampling approach to integrative studies of human placental physiology in vivo
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Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about The 4-vessel Sampling Approach to Integrative Studies of Human Placental Physiology In Vivo at JoVE.com

Først og fremmest takker vi oprigtigt de mødre, der deltog i dette projekt. Dernæst anerkender vi alt personale, der hjalp og lette prøveudtagningen, anæstesiologen, sygeplejerskeanæstesiologen og de kirurgiske sygeplejersker. Projektet ville ikke have været muligt uden finansiering fra den regionale sundhedsmyndighed i Sydøstasien og den norske rådgivende enhed for kvinders sundhed, Oslo Universitet og lokal finansiering fra Oslo Universitetshospital.

Undersøgelsen blev godkendt af databeskyttelsesembedsmændene på Oslo Universitetshospital og Regionaludvalget for Medicinsk og Sundhedsforskningsetik, Sydeuropa 2419/2011. Alle deltagere underskrev skriftligt informeret samtykke ved optagelse. 1. Forberedelser BEMÆRK: En tidslinje for procedurerne er skitseret i figur 1 . <img alt="figur 1" class="xfigimg" src="/files/ftp_upload/55847/55847fig1.jpg" /><b...

<ol>
	<li>Jansson, T., Powell, T. L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Role+of+the+placenta+in+fetal+programming:+underlying+mechanisms+and+potential+interventional+approaches.">Role of the placenta in fetal programming: underlying mechanisms and potential interventional approaches.</a> Clin Sci (Lond). 113 (1), 1-13 (2007).</li><li>Hanson, M. A., Gluckman, P. D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Early+developmental+conditioning+of+later+health+and+disease:+physiology+or+pathophysiology.">Early developmental conditioning of later health and disease: physiology or pathophysiology.</a> Physiol Rev. 94 (4), 1027-1076 (2014).</li><li>Guttmacher, A. E., Spong, C. Y. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+human+placenta+project:+it's+time+for+real+time.">The human placenta project: it's time for real time.</a> Am J Obstet Gynecol. 213, 3-5 (2015).</li><li>Battaglia, F. C., Regnault, T. R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Placental+transport+and+metabolism+of+amino+acids.">Placental transport and metabolism of amino acids.</a> Placenta. 22 (2-3), 145-161 (2001).</li><li>Hay, W. W. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Placental-fetal+glucose+exchange+and+fetal+glucose+metabolism.">Placental-fetal glucose exchange and fetal glucose metabolism.</a> Trans Am Clin Climatol Assoc. 117, 321-339 (2006).</li><li>Woollett, L. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Review:+Transport+of+maternal+cholesterol+to+the+fetal+circulation.">Review: Transport of maternal cholesterol to the fetal circulation.</a> Placenta. 32, 218-221 (2011).</li><li>Prenton, M. A., Young, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Umbilical+vein-artery+and+uterine+arterio-venous+plasma+amino+acid+differences+(in+the+human+subject).">Umbilical vein-artery and uterine arterio-venous plasma amino acid differences (in the human subject).</a> J Obstet Gynaecol Br Commonw. 76 (5), 404-411 (1969).</li><li>Cetin, I., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Plasma+and+erythrocyte+amino+acids+in+mother+and+fetus.">Plasma and erythrocyte amino acids in mother and fetus.</a> Biol Neonate. 60 (2), 83-91 (1991).</li><li>Filshie, G. M., Anstey, M. 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H., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Glucose+production+by+the+human+placenta+in+vivo.">Glucose production by the human placenta in vivo.</a> Placenta. 20 (7), 591-598 (1999).</li><li>Metzger, B. E., Rodeck, C., Freinkel, N., Price, J., Young, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Transplacental+arteriovenous+gradients+for+glucose,+insulin,+glucagon+and+placental+lactogen+during+normoglycaemia+in+human+pregnancy+at+term.">Transplacental arteriovenous gradients for glucose, insulin, glucagon and placental lactogen during normoglycaemia in human pregnancy at term.</a> Placenta. 6 (4), 347-354 (1985).</li><li>Zamudio, S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Hypoglycemia+and+the+origin+of+hypoxia-induced+reduction+in+human+fetal+growth.">Hypoglycemia and the origin of hypoxia-induced reduction in human fetal growth.</a> PLoS One. 5 (1), 8551 (2010).</li><li>Holme, A. M., Roland, M. C., Lorentzen, B., Michelsen, T. M., Henriksen, T. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Placental+glucose+transfer:+a+human+in+vivo+study.">Placental glucose transfer: a human in vivo study.</a> PLoS One. 10 (2), 0117084 (2015).</li><li>Holme, A. M., Roland, M. C., Henriksen, T., Michelsen, T. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=In+vivo+uteroplacental+release+of+placental+growth+factor+and+soluble+Fms-like+tyrosine+kinase-1+in+normal+and+preeclamptic+pregnancies.">In vivo uteroplacental release of placental growth factor and soluble Fms-like tyrosine kinase-1 in normal and preeclamptic pregnancies.</a> Am J Obstet Gynecol. 215 (6), 781-782 (2016).</li><li>Paasche Roland, M. C., Lorentzen, B., Godang, K., Henriksen, T. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Uteroplacental+arterio-venous+difference+in+soluble+VEGFR-1+(sFlt-1),+but+not+in+soluble+endoglin+concentrations+in+preeclampsia.">Uteroplacental arterio-venous difference in soluble VEGFR-1 (sFlt-1), but not in soluble endoglin concentrations in preeclampsia.</a> Placenta. 33 (3), 224-226 (2012).</li><li>Brar, H. S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Uteroplacental+unit+as+a+source+of+elevated+circulating+prorenin+levels+in+normal+pregnancy.">Uteroplacental unit as a source of elevated circulating prorenin levels in normal pregnancy.</a> Am J Obstet Gynecol. 155 (6), 1223-1226 (1986).</li><li>Myatt, L., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Strategy+for+standardization+of+preeclampsia+research+study+design.">Strategy for standardization of preeclampsia research study design.</a> Hypertension. 63 (6), 1293-1301 (2014).</li><li>Kiserud, T., Rasmussen, S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=How+repeat+measurements+affect+the+mean+diameter+of+the+umbilical+vein+and+the+ductus+venosus.">How repeat measurements affect the mean diameter of the umbilical vein and the ductus venosus.</a> Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 11 (6), 419-425 (1998).</li><li>Burton, G. J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Optimising+sample+collection+for+placental+research.">Optimising sample collection for placental research.</a> Placenta. 35 (1), 9-22 (2014).</li><li>Illsley, N. P., Wang, Z. Q., Gray, A., Sellers, M. C., Jacobs, M. M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Simultaneous+preparation+of+paired,+syncytial,+microvillous+and+basal+membranes+from+human+placenta.">Simultaneous preparation of paired, syncytial, microvillous and basal membranes from human placenta.</a> Biochim Biophys Acta. 1029 (2), 218-226 (1990).</li><li>Staff, A. C., Ranheim, T., Khoury, J., Henriksen, T. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Increased+contents+of+phospholipids,+cholesterol,+and+lipid+peroxides+in+decidua+basalis+in+women+with+preeclampsia.">Increased contents of phospholipids, cholesterol, and lipid peroxides in decidua basalis in women with preeclampsia.</a> Am J Obstet Gynecol. 180 (3), 587-592 (1999).</li><li>Catalano, P. M., Thomas, A. J., Avallone, D. A., Amini, S. B. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Anthropometric+estimation+of+neonatal+body+composition.">Anthropometric estimation of neonatal body composition.</a> Am J Obstet Gynecol. 173 (4), 1176-1181 (1995).</li><li>Ellis, K. J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Body-composition+assessment+in+infancy:+air-displacement+plethysmography+compared+with+a+reference+4-compartment+model.">Body-composition assessment in infancy: air-displacement plethysmography compared with a reference 4-compartment model.</a> Am J Clin Nutr. 85 (1), 90-95 (2007).</li><li>Haugen, G., Kiserud, T., Godfrey, K., Crozier, S., Hanson, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Portal+and+umbilical+venous+blood+supply+to+the+liver+in+the+human+fetus+near+term.">Portal and umbilical venous blood supply to the liver in the human fetus near term.</a> Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 24 (6), 599-605 (2004).</li><li>Acharya, G., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Experimental+validation+of+uterine+artery+volume+blood+flow+measurement+by+Doppler+ultrasonography+in+pregnant+sheep.">Experimental validation of uterine artery volume blood flow measurement by Doppler ultrasonography in pregnant sheep.</a> Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol. 29 (4), 401-406 (2007).</li><li>Wu, X., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Glutamate-glutamine+cycle+and+exchange+in+the+placenta-fetus+unit+during+late+pregnancy.">Glutamate-glutamine cycle and exchange in the placenta-fetus unit during late pregnancy.</a> Amino Acids. 47 (1), 45-53 (2015).</li><li>Tuckey, R. C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Progesterone+synthesis+by+the+human+placenta.">Progesterone synthesis by the human placenta.</a> Placenta. 26 (4), 273-281 (2005).</li><li>Simmons, M. A., Meschia, G., Makowski, E. L., Battaglia, F. C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Fetal+metabolic+response+to+maternal+starvation.">Fetal metabolic response to maternal starvation.</a> Pediatr Res. 8 (10), 830-836 (1974).</li><li>Simmons, M. A., Jones, M. D., Battaglia, F. C., Meschia, G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Insulin+effect+on+fetal+glucose+utilization.">Insulin effect on fetal glucose utilization.</a> Pediatr Res. 12 (2), 90-92 (1978).</li><li>Bujold, E., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Evidence+supporting+that+the+excess+of+the+sVEGFR-1+concentration+in+maternal+plasma+in+preeclampsia+has+a+uterine+origin.">Evidence supporting that the excess of the sVEGFR-1 concentration in maternal plasma in preeclampsia has a uterine origin.</a> J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 18 (1), 9-16 (2005).</li><li>Jansson, T., Aye, I. L., Goberdhan, D. 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<html> Placenta 4-beholder prøveudtagningsmetode er relevant for tre hovedformål. For det første kan det bruges til at studere, hvordan specifikke stoffer optages af moderkagen på moderens side og eventuelt overføres til navlens cirkulation og fosteret, som det fremgår af vores glukose- og aminosyreundersøgelser. For det andet er metoden yderst relevant til at studere stoffer, der produceres af moderkagen og frigives til moder- eller fostercirkulationen, som det fremgår af progesteronresultaterne. For det tredje ...

Ifølge National Institutes of Health, USA, er placenta det mindst forstås organ i menneskekroppen 1 , 2 , 3 . Det er vanskeligt at få adgang til og studere den menneskelige placenta in vivo uden at påføre uetiske risici på den igangværende graviditet. Undersøgelser af placentafunktionen hos mennesker er derfor i høj grad baseret på in vitro- og ex vivo- modeller. Størstedelen af ​​tidligere in vivo undersøgelser af placenta transport og metabolisme er blevet udført hos dyr 4 , 5 , 6 . Men da placentas struktur og funktioner varierer betydeligt mellem arter, skal ekstrapolering af resultater fra dyr til mennesker ske med forsigtighed. Kun nogle få mindre humane in vivo- undersøgelser har undersøgt placenta og føtal optagelse og transport under normal fysiologiskAl betingelser, og ingen har undersøgt den integrerede overførsel af flere forbindelser 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 . Disse grundlæggende studier illustrerer, at in vivo undersøgelser af human placenta er mulige, og at de kan tjene flere formål. For det første kan nuværende begreber af placentale funktioner, der hovedsagelig er afledt af in vitro , ex vivo og dyreforsøg, testes i en menneskelig indstilling og således give en ny og mere specifik indsigt i den menneskelige placenta. For det andet kan egenskaber af den dysfunktionelle placenta associeret med afvigende føtalvækst, præeklampsi, moderns diabetes, metabolisk syndrom og andre modermæssige metaboliske forstyrrelser bedre karakteriseres. For det tredje giver menneskelige in vivo- undersøgelser mulighed for at udvikle diagnoserTic og prædiktive værktøjer af placentale funktion. På denne baggrund har vi til formål at etablere en omfattende samling af fysiologiske data til undersøgelse af human placentafunktion in vivo. Under en planlagt kejsersnit udnytter vi den intraabdominale adgang til livmodervenen for at indsamle blodprøver fra de indgående og udgående skibe på moderens og fostrets sider af moderkagen (4-karprøveudtagningsmetoden). Disse prøver anvendes til at beregne de parrede arteriovenøse koncentrationsforskelle af næringsstoffer og andre stoffer 14 . Derudover måler vi volumenblodstrøm på begge sider af placenta ved hjælp af ultralyd. Følgelig kan placental og føtal optagelse af en hvilken som helst forbindelse kvantificeres. Endvidere er det muligt at bestemme stoffer, der frigives af moderkagen til moder- og føtalomløbet 15 , 16 , 17 . Når kombinereD med kliniske parametre for mor og barn samt analyser af placenta og andre relevante væv, har denne metode det spændende potentiale til at integrere mange aspekter af placentale funktioner in vivo i de samme morfosterpar.

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="1323">
	<colgroup>
		<col />
		<col />
		<col />
		<col />
	</colgroup>
	<tbody>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:557px;">Maternal body composition</td>
			<td style="width:173px;"></td>
			<td style="width:107px;"></td>
			<td style="width:487px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Impedance scale</td>
			<td>Tanita</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>or similar</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Ultrasound measurements&#160;</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Sequoia 512 ultrasound machine</td>
			<td>Acuson</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>equipped with a curved transducer with colour and pulsewave Doppler (frequency bandwidth 2-6 MHz)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Blood samples</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Arerial cannula</td>
			<td>BD Medical</td>
			<td>682245</td>
			<td>or similar</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">20cc Eccentric Luer Tip Syringe without Needle</td>
			<td>Termo</td>
			<td>SS-20ES</td>
			<td>or similar. 3 needed.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">10cc Eccentric Luer Tip Syringe without Needle</td>
			<td>Termo</td>
			<td>SS-10ES</td>
			<td>or similar. 9 needed.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">5cc 6% Luer Syringe without Needle</td>
			<td>Termo</td>
			<td>SS-05S1</td>
			<td>or similar. 2 needed.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Arterial blood gas syringe&#160;</td>
			<td>Radiometer Medical</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>or similar. 4 needed.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Sterile winged needle connected to flexible tubing, 21 gauge</td>
			<td>Greiner Bio-One</td>
			<td>450081</td>
			<td>(intended for single use).3 needed.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Vacutainer tube 6 mL EDTA&#160;</td>
			<td>Greiner Bio-One</td>
			<td>456043</td>
			<td>or similar. Label with sample site. 10 needed.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Vacutainer tube 5 ml LH Lithium Heparin Separator</td>
			<td>Greiner Bio-One</td>
			<td>456305</td>
			<td>or similar. Label with sample site. 5 needed.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Vacutainer tube 6 mL Serum Clot Activator&#160;</td>
			<td>Greiner Bio-One</td>
			<td>456089</td>
			<td>or similar. Label with sample site. 5 needed.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;width:557px;">Vacutainer tube 3 ml&#160; 9NC Coagulation sodium citrate 3,2%</td>
			<td>Greiner Bio-One</td>
			<td>454334</td>
			<td>or similar. Label with sample site. 5 needed.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Cryogenic vials, 2.0 mL</td>
			<td>Corning</td>
			<td>430488</td>
			<td>or similar. Label with sample site, serum/type of plasma and ID. 90 needed.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Marked trays to transport the syringes</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td>to transport the blood samples in the operation theatre</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Rocker</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td>for gentle mixing of the samples</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Ice</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td>in styrofoam box</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Liquid nitrogen</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td>in appropriate container</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Placenta samples</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Metal tray</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Ice</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td>in styrofoam box</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Calibrated scale</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Metal ruler</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">1 M Phosphate buffered saline</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>D1408</td>
			<td>or similar. Dilute 10 M to&#160; 1M before use</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">RNA stabilization solution</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>R0901-500ML&#160;</td>
			<td>or similar</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Optimal Cutting Temperature (O.C.T.) compound</td>
			<td>vwr</td>
			<td>361603E</td>
			<td>or similar</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Cryogenic vials, 2.0 mL</td>
			<td>Corning</td>
			<td>430488</td>
			<td>or similar. Label with sample site. content and ID. 10 needed.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Centrifuge tubes, conical bottom 50 mL</td>
			<td>Greiner Bio-One</td>
			<td>227,285</td>
			<td>or similar. Label with &#34;RNA later&#34;, sample site and ID. 2 needed.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Liquid nitrogen</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td>in appropriate container</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Fetal body composition</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Calibrated scale</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="20">
			<td height="20" style="height:20px;">Measuring tape</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

the 4-vessel sampling approach to integrative studies of human placental physiology in vivo

Den menneskelige placenta er meget utilgængelig for forskning, mens den stadig er i utero . Den nuværende forståelse af human placenta fysiologi in vivo er derfor i vid udstrækning baseret på dyreforsøg på trods af den store mangfoldighed blandt arter i placenta anatomi, hæmodynamik og graviditetens varighed. Det store flertal af human placenta-undersøgelser er ex vivo- perfusionsundersøgelser eller in vitro trofoblast-undersøgelser. Selvom in vitro- undersøgelser og dyremodeller er essentielle, er ekstrapolering af resultaterne fra sådanne undersøgelser til den humane placenta in vivo usikker. Vi havde til formål at studere human placenta fysiologi in vivo på sigt, og præsentere en detaljeret protokol af metoden. Udnyttelse af intraabdominal adgang til livmoderven lige før livmoderhalsen under planlagt kejsersnit indsamler vi blodprøver fra de indgående og udgående skibe på moderens og fostrets sider af moderkagen. Når man kombinerer conCentreringsmålinger fra blodprøver med volumenblodstrømsmålinger, er vi i stand til at kvantificere placenta- og føtaloptagelse og frigivelse af en hvilken som helst forbindelse. Endvidere kan placentale vævsprøver fra de samme morfosterpar give målinger af transportørens tæthed og aktivitet og andre aspekter af placentale funktioner in vivo . Gennem denne integrerende anvendelse af 4-fartøjs prøveudtagningsmetode kan vi teste nogle af de nuværende begreber om overførsel og metabolisme af placenta næring i vivo både i normale og patologiske graviditeter. Desuden gør denne metode det muligt at identificere stoffer, der udskilles af moderkagen til moderens cirkulation, hvilket kunne være et vigtigt bidrag til søgen efter biomarkører af placentadysfunktion.

Prøvetagningsmetoden med 4 beholdere kan anvendes i klinisk praksis, og vi har opnået blodprøver fra 209 mor / spædbarnspar. I 128 af disse opnåede vi også for at måle volumen blodgennemstrømning. Komplet 4-fartøjsudtagning og god kvalitetsmåling af både moder- og fosterskibe blev opnået hos 70 moderfosterpar ( figur 3 ). Derudover har vi hidtil indsamlet blod- og placentaprøver fra 30 præeklamptiske patienter. Vi har tidligere offentliggjort a...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about The 4-vessel Sampling Approach to Integrative Studies of Human Placental Physiology In Vivo at JoVE.com

The 4-vessel Sampling Approach to Integrative Studies of Human Placental Physiology In Vivo

Vi præsenterer en detaljeret metode til at studere human placenta fysiologi in vivo på sigt. Metoden kombinerer blodprøveudtagning fra de indgående og udgående skibe på moderens og fostrets sider af placenta med ultralydsmålinger af volumenblodstrøm og placentasvævsprøveudtagning.

4-fartøjets prøveudtagning til integrerende studier af human placental fysiologi<em&gt; In vivo</em

The human placenta is highly inaccessible for research while still in utero. The current understanding of human placental physiology in vivo is therefore ...

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The 4-vessel Sampling Approach to Integrative Studies of Human Placental Physiology In Vivo

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