Name: tuning in the hippocampal theta band in vitro: methodologies for recording from the isolated rodent septohippocampal circuit
Uploaded: 2017-08-02T13:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Tuning in the Hippocampal Theta Band In Vitro: Methodologies for Recording from the Isolated Rodent Septohippocampal Circuit at JoVE.com

Bu çalışma, Kanada Sağlık Araştırma ve Doğa Bilimleri Enstitülerince desteklenmiştir.

Tüm işlemler, McGill Üniversitesi Hayvan Bakım Komitesi ve Canadian Care on Canadian Care Council tarafından onaylanan protokollere ve yönergelere uygun olarak gerçekleştirildi. 1. Akut Hipokampus İn Vitro Hazırlık NOT: Sağlam hipokampal preparatın izole edilmesi üç ana aşamadan oluşur: (1) solüsyonların ve ekipmanın hazırlanması, (2) hipokampüsün diseksiyonu ve (3) intrensek teta salınımlarının oluşturulması için gerekli ola...

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Laminar distribution of theta field potentials.</a> Exp Brain Res. 67 (3), 493-501 (1987).</li><li>Vertes, R. P., Kocsis, B. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Brainstem-diencephalo-septohippocampal+systems+controlling+the+theta+rhythm+of+the+hippocampus.">Brainstem-diencephalo-septohippocampal systems controlling the theta rhythm of the hippocampus.</a> Neuroscience. 81 (4), 893-926 (1997).</li><li>Bland, B. H., Colom, L. V., Konopacki, J., Roth, S. H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Intracellular+records+of+carbachol-induced+theta+rhythm+in+hippocampal+slices.">Intracellular records of carbachol-induced theta rhythm in hippocampal slices.</a> Brain Res. 447 (2), 364-368 (1988).</li><li>Cobb, S. R., Buhl, E. 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Akut hipokampal dilimlerden gelen elektrofizyolojik kayıtlar standart bir in vitro teknik oluştururken, burada sunulan yöntemler klasik yaklaşımı önemli ölçüde farklılık göstermektedir. Belirli hücre katmanlarının yüzeyde görünür olduğu ve doğrudan incelenebilen ince dilim preparatlarının aksine, bozulmamış hipokampal müstahzarlar, elektrotlar, tek tek katmanlardan geçerken hedeflenen beyin bölgelerine indirildiği in vivo konfigürasyonlara daha yakındır. Hipokampusun b?...

Hipokampal teta salınımları (4 - 12 Hz), memeli beyinde ritmik aktivitenin en baskın formları arasındadır ve spatiotemporal bilginin işlenmesi ve episodik hatıraların oluşturulması gibi bilişsel işlevlerde anahtar rol oynadığı düşünülmektedir 1 , 2 , 3 . Theta modülasyonlu yer-hücrelerinin uzamsal seyrüsefer ve lezyon çalışmaları ile ilişkisini vurgulayan bazı in vivo çalışmalar ve klinik bulgular, hipokampal teta salınımlarının bellek oluşumu 4 , 5 , 6&#39;da yer aldığı görüşünü desteklemekle birlikte, ilişkili mekanizmalar Hipokampal teta salınımlarının oluşumu hala tam olarak anlaşılamamıştır. İn vivo erken araştırmalar, teta aktivitesinin esas olarak dışsal salınımcılara, özellikle de ritmik girdiye dayandığını ileri sürdüSeptum ve entorinal korteks 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 gibi aferent beyin yapılarından. Hipokampal sinir ağlarının iç bağlantısının hipokampal nöronların özellikleri ile birlikte intrensek faktörlerin rolü aynı zamanda in vitro gözlemlere dayanılarak 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 varsayımıyla da ileri sürülmüştür. Bununla birlikte, 19 , 20 , 21 numaralı birkaç dönüm noktası çalışmasının yanı sıra, basit in vitro dilim hazırlamada fizyolojik olarak gerçekçi popülasyon aktivitelerini çoğaltabilen yaklaşım geliştirme zorluklarıUzun süredir hipokampüsün ve ilgili alanların kendi kendine teta salınımlarını üretme yeteneklerinin daha ayrıntılı olarak deneysel olarak incelenmesini geciktirdi. Standart in vitro ince dilim deney ortamının önemli bir dezavantajı, beyin yapılarının 3D hücresel ve sinaptik organizasyonunun tehlikeye girmesidir. Bu, lokalize gruplardan (≤1 mm yarıçapı) bir veya daha fazla beyn alanına (&gt; 1 mm) yayılmış nöron popülasyonlarına kadar uzanan uzaysal olarak dağıtılan hücre gruplarına dayanan uyumlu ağ faaliyetlerinin birçok formunun desteklenemediği anlamına gelir. Bu düşünceler göz önüne alındığında, otonom titreşimlerin hipokampusta nasıl ortaya çıktığı ve ilgili kortikal ve subkortikal çıkış yapılarına nasıl yayılacağı üzerinde farklı bir yaklaşım gerekiyordu. Son yıllarda, çift yönlü intera incelemek için &quot;komple septo-hipokampal&quot; preparatın ilk gelişimiiki yapı 22 ve &quot;izole edilmiş hipokampus&quot; preparasyon ardından gelen evrimin seksiyonlar, içsel teta salınımlar dış ritmik girişi 23 eksik hipokamp spontan olarak meydana çıkarmıştır. Bu yaklaşımların değeri, in vitro 22&#39;de bir teta ritm jeneratörü olarak işlev görmek için bu bölgelerin tüm fonksiyonel yapısının korunması gereken ilk anlayışa dayanmaktadır.

<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" width="820">
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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:319px;">Reagents</td>
			<td style="width:135px;"></td>
			<td style="width:119px;"></td>
			<td style="width:247px;"></td>
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		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Sodium Chloride</td>
			<td>Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td>S9625</td>
			<td></td>
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		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Sucrose</td>
			<td>Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td>S9378</td>
			<td></td>
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		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Sodium Bicarbonate</td>
			<td>Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td>S5761</td>
			<td></td>
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		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">NaH2PO4 - sodium phosphate monobasic</td>
			<td>Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td>S8282</td>
			<td></td>
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		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Magnesium sulfate</td>
			<td>Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td>M7506</td>
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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Potassium Chloride</td>
			<td>Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td>P3911</td>
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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">D-(+)-Glucose</td>
			<td>Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td>G7528</td>
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		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Calcium chloride dihydrate</td>
			<td>Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td>C5080</td>
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		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Sodium Ascorbate</td>
			<td>Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td>A7631-25G</td>
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		<tr height="30">
			<td height="30" style="height:30px;width:319px;">Name</td>
			<td style="width:135px;">Company</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">Catalog Number</td>
			<td>Comments</td>
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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Equipment</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
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			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Standard Dissecting Scissors</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>08-951-25</td>
			<td>brain extraction</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Scalpel Handle #4, 14cm</td>
			<td>WPI</td>
			<td>500237</td>
			<td>brain extraction</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Filter forceps, flat jaws, straight (11cm)</td>
			<td>WPI</td>
			<td>500456</td>
			<td>brain extraction</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Paragon Stainless Steel Scalpel Blades #20</td>
			<td>Ultident</td>
			<td>02-90010-20</td>
			<td>brain extraction</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Fine Point Curved Dissecting Scissors</td>
			<td>Thermo Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>711999</td>
			<td>brain extraction</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Teflon (PTFE) -coated thin spatula</td>
			<td>VWR</td>
			<td>82027-534</td>
			<td>hippocampal preparation</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Hayman Style Microspatula</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>21-401-25A</td>
			<td>hippocampal preparation</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Lab spoon</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>14-375-20</td>
			<td>hippocampal preparation</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Borosilicate Glass Pasteur Pipets</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td>13-678-20A</td>
			<td>hippocampal preparation</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Droper</td>
			<td>Fisher Scientific</td>
			<td></td>
			<td>hippocampal preparation</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Razor blades Single edged</td>
			<td>VWR</td>
			<td>55411-055</td>
			<td>hippocampal preparation</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Lens paper (4X6 inch)</td>
			<td>VWR</td>
			<td>52846-001</td>
			<td>hippocampal preparation</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Glass petri dishes (100 x 20 mm)</td>
			<td>VWR</td>
			<td>25354-080</td>
			<td>hippocampal preparation</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Plastic tray for ice; size 30 x 20 x 5 cm</td>
			<td>n.a.</td>
			<td>n.a.</td>
			<td>hippocampal preparation</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Single Inline Solution Heater</td>
			<td>Warner Instruments</td>
			<td>SH-27B</td>
			<td>perfusion system</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Aquarium air stones for bubbling</td>
			<td>n.a.</td>
			<td>n.a.</td>
			<td>perfusion system</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Tygon E-3603 tubing (ID 1/16 OD 1/8)</td>
			<td>Fisherbrand</td>
			<td>14-171-129</td>
			<td>perfusion system</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Electric Skillet</td>
			<td>Black &#38; Decker</td>
			<td>n.a.</td>
			<td>perfusion system</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">95% O2/5% CO2 gas mixture (carbogen)&#160;</td>
			<td>Vitalaire</td>
			<td>SG466204A</td>
			<td>perfusion system</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Glass bottles/flasks (4 x 1 L)</td>
			<td>n.a.</td>
			<td>n.a.</td>
			<td>perfusion system</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Submerged recording Chamber</td>
			<td>custom design (FM)</td>
			<td>n.a.</td>
			<td style="width:247px;">Commercial alternative may be used</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Glass pipettes (1.5 / 0.84 OD/ID (mm) )</td>
			<td>WPI</td>
			<td>1B150F-4</td>
			<td>electrophysiology</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Hum Bug 50/60 Hz Noise Eliminator</td>
			<td>Quest Scientific</td>
			<td>Q-Humbug</td>
			<td>electrophysiology</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Multiclamp 700B patch-clamp amplifier</td>
			<td>Molecular devices</td>
			<td>MULTICLAMP</td>
			<td>electrophysiology</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Multiclamp 700B Commander Program</td>
			<td>Molecular devices</td>
			<td>MULTICLAMP</td>
			<td>electrophysiology</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Digital/Analogue converter</td>
			<td>Molecular devices</td>
			<td>DDI440</td>
			<td>electrophysiology</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">PCLAMP10</td>
			<td>Molecular devices</td>
			<td>PCLAMP10</td>
			<td>electrophysiology</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Vibration isolation table&#160;</td>
			<td>Newport</td>
			<td>n.a.</td>
			<td>electrophysiology</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Micromanipulators (manually operated )</td>
			<td>Siskiyou&#160;</td>
			<td>MX130</td>
			<td>electrophysiology (LFP)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Micromanipulators (automated)</td>
			<td>Siskiyou&#160;</td>
			<td>MC1000e</td>
			<td>electrophysiology (patch)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Audio monitor&#160;</td>
			<td>A-M Systems</td>
			<td>Model 3300</td>
			<td>electrophysiology</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Micropipette/Patch pipette puller</td>
			<td>Sutter</td>
			<td>P-97</td>
			<td>electrophysiology</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Custom-built upright fluorescence microscope</td>
			<td>Siskiyou</td>
			<td>n.a.</td>
			<td>Imaging</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Analogue video camera</td>
			<td>COHU</td>
			<td>4912-2000/0000</td>
			<td>Imaging</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Digital frame grabber with imaging software</td>
			<td>EPIX, Inc</td>
			<td>PIXCI-SV7</td>
			<td>Imaging</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Olympus 2.5x objective</td>
			<td>Olympus</td>
			<td>MPLFLN</td>
			<td>Imaging</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Olympus 40x water immersion objective</td>
			<td>Olympus</td>
			<td>UIS2 LUMPLFLN</td>
			<td>Imaging</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Custom-made light-emitting diode (LED) system&#160;</td>
			<td>custom</td>
			<td>n.a.</td>
			<td>optogenetic stimulation (Amhilon et al., 2015)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="30">
			<td height="30" style="height:30px;width:319px;">Name</td>
			<td style="width:135px;">Company</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">Catalog Number</td>
			<td>Comments</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">Animals</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:319px;">PV::Cre (KI) mice</td>
			<td style="width:135px;">Jackson Laboratory</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">stock number 008069</td>
			<td style="width:247px;">Allow&#160; Cre-directed gene expression in PV interneurons</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:319px;">Constitutive-conditional Ai9 mice (R26-lox-stop-lox-tdTomato (KI))</td>
			<td style="width:135px;">Jackson Laboratory</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">stock number 007905</td>
			<td style="width:247px;">Express TdTomato following Cre-mediated recombination</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;width:319px;">Ai32 mice (R26-lox-stop-lox-ChR2(H134R)-EYFP</td>
			<td style="width:135px;">Jackson Laboratory</td>
			<td style="width:119px;">stock 
			number 012569</td>
			<td style="width:247px;">Express the improved channelrhodopsin-2/EYFP fusion protein following exposure to Cre recombinase</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="21">
			<td height="21" style="height:21px;">PVChY mice</td>
			<td>In house breeding</td>
			<td>n.a.</td>
			<td style="width:247px;">Offspring obtained from cross-breeding the PV-Cre line with Ai32 mice (R26-lox-stop-lox-ChR2(H134R)-EYFP</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

tuning in the hippocampal theta band in vitro: methodologies for recording from the isolated rodent septohippocampal circuit

Bu protokol, teta salınımlarının incelenmesi için metodolojilerdeki ve uygulamalardaki son gelişmelerle birlikte, izole edilmiş bütün hipokampüs, WT ve transjenik farelerin hazırlanması ve kaydedilmesi için prosedürleri özetlemektedir. İzole edilmiş hipokampal preparatın basit bir karakterizasyonu sunulmuştur; burada iç hippokampal teta osilatörleri arasındaki ilişki, cornu ammonis-1 (CA1) ve subikülüm (SUB) bölgelerinin piramidal hücrelerin aktivitesi ve GABAergik internöronlarla birlikte incelenmiştir. Genel olarak, izole hipokampusun in vitro intrinsik teta salınımları üretebildiğini ve hipokampusta üretilen ritmozitenin, parvalbümin pozitif (PV) internöronların optogenetik uyarımıyla tam olarak manipüle edilebileceğini göstermektedir. İn vitro izole edilmiş hipokampal preparat, görsel olarak tanımlanmış nor&#39;den eşzamanlı alan ve hücre içi yama tutma kayıtlarını kullanmak için benzersiz bir fırsat sunarTheta ritim üretiminin altında yatan mekanizmaları daha iyi anlamak için rons.

<html> Bu bölüm , in vitro fare izole hipokampal preparatta teta salınımlarını inceleyerek elde edilebilecek sonuç örneklerini göstermektedir. İzole edilmiş hipokampüsün çıkarılması için diseksiyon prosedürü Şekil 1&#39;de gösterilmiştir. Bu preparatı kullanarak intrensek teta salınımları, çoklu alan elektrodlarının yerleştirilmesi sırasında incelenebilir, izole edilmiş hipokampüsün farklı bölgelerindeki ve katla...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Tuning in the Hippocampal Theta Band In Vitro: Methodologies for Recording from the Isolated Rodent Septohippocampal Circuit at JoVE.com

Tuning in the Hippocampal Theta Band In Vitro: Methodologies for Recording from the Isolated Rodent Septohippocampal Circuit

Burada, izole edilmiş bir tüm hipokampal preparattan ritmik nöronal ağ teta ve gama titreşimleri kaydetmek için bir protokol sunuyoruz. Hipokampusun çıkarılmasından teta ritminin optogenetik pacinginin yanı sıra alan, üniter ve tüm hücre yama klemp kayıtlarının ayrıntılarına kadar olan deneysel adımları açıklıyoruz.

Hipokampal Theta Bandında Tuning<em&gt; In vitro</em&gt;: İzole edilmiş Kemirgen Protokokal Circüse Kayıt için Metodolojiler

This protocol outlines the procedures for preparing and recording from the isolated whole hippocampus, of WT and transgenic mice, along with recent ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Neuroscience

Tuning in the Hippocampal Theta Band In Vitro: Methodologies for Recording from the Isolated Rodent Septohippocampal Circuit

Retrograde Fluorescent Labeling Allows for Targeted Extracellular Single-unit Recording from Identified Neurons In vivo

Retrograde Fluorescent Labeling Allows for Targeted Extracellular Single-unit Recording from Identified Neurons In vivo

Retrograd Floresan Etiketleme Belirlenen Nöronlar gelen Hedefli Hücre dışı Tek ünitesi Kayıt izin verir<em&gt; In vivo</em

The overall goal of this method is to record single-unit responses from an identified population of neurons. In vivo electrophysiological recordings from ...

Investigations on Alterations of Hippocampal Circuit Function Following Mild Traumatic Brain Injury

Hafif Travmatik Beyin Hasarı takiben Hipokampal Devre İşlev değişimler üzerine araştırmalar

Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) afflicts more than 1.7 million people in the United States each year and even mild TBI can lead to persistent neurological ...

Dual Electrophysiological Recordings of Synaptically-evoked Astroglial and Neuronal Responses in Acute Hippocampal Slices

Akut Hipokampal Dilimler içinde Synaptically-uyarılmış astroglial ve Nöronal Cevaplarının İkili Elektrofizyolojik Kayıtlar

Astrocytes form together with neurons tripartite synapses, where they integrate and modulate neuronal activity. Indeed, astrocytes sense neuronal inputs ...

Multi-unit Recording Methods to Characterize Neural Activity in the Locust (Schistocerca Americana) Olfactory Circuits

Multi-unit Recording Methods to Characterize Neural Activity in the Locust Schistocerca Americana Olfactory Circuits

Locust Sinir Aktivitesi Karakterize Multi-ünite Kayıt Yöntemleri (<em&gt; Schistocerca Americana</em&gt;) Olfaktör Devreler

Detection and interpretation of olfactory cues are critical for the survival  of many organisms. Remarkably, species across phyla have strikingly similar ...

Direct Intraventricular Delivery of Drugs to the Rodent Central Nervous System

Kemirgen Merkezi Sinir Sistemi İlaçların doğrudan Intraventriküler teslim

Due to an inability to cross the blood brain barrier, certain drugs need to be directly delivered into the central nervous system (CNS). Our lab focuses ...

An In-vitro Preparation of Isolated Enteric Neurons and Glia from the Myenteric Plexus of the Adult Mouse

An In-vitro Preparation of Isolated Enteric Neurons and Glia from the Myenteric Plexus of the Adult Mouse

Bir<em&gt; In-vitro</emYetişkin Mouse myenterik Pleksus izole edilen enterik Nöronlar ve Glia bir&gt; hazırlanması

The enteric nervous system is a vast network of neurons and glia running the length of the gastrointestinal tract that functionally controls ...

Simultaneous Electrophysiological Recording and Micro-injections of Inhibitory Agents in the Rodent Brain

Eşzamanlı Elektrofizyolojik Kayıt ve kemirgen Beyindeki inhibitör Ajanların Mikro-enjeksiyon

Here we describe a method for the construction of a single-use &#8220;injectrode&#8221; using commercially accessible and affordable parts. A probing ...

Utilizing Combined Methodologies to Define the Role of Plasma Membrane Delivery During Axon Branching and Neuronal Morphogenesis

Kombine Metodolojileri kullanan Akson Dallanman ve Nöronal Morfogenez sırasında Plazma Membran Teslimat Rolü tanımlayın

During neural development, growing axons extend to multiple synaptic partners by elaborating axonal branches. Axon branching is promoted by extracellular ...

Recording Gamma Band Oscillations in Pedunculopontine Nucleus Neurons

Pedunculopontine Nucleus Nöronlar Kayıt Gama Bant Salınımlılığı

Synaptic efferents from the PPN are known to modulate the neuronal activity of several intralaminar thalamic regions (e.g., the ...

Recording Synaptic Plasticity in Acute Hippocampal Slices Maintained in a Small-volume Recycling-, Perfusion-, and Submersion-type Chamber System

Sinaptik plastisite akut Hipokampal dilimleri bir küçük hacimli geri dönüşüm-, perfüzyon- ve batma-tipi oda sistemi içinde tutulan kayıt

Even though experiments on brain slices have been in use since 1951, problems remain that reduce the probability of achieving a stable and successful ...