Name: rescue and characterization of recombinant virus from a new world zika virus infectious clone
Uploaded: 2017-06-07T15:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Rescue and Characterization of Recombinant Virus from a New World Zika Virus Infectious Clone at JoVE.com

Forfatterne vil gjerne takke Kristen Bullard-Feibelman, Milena Veselinovic og Claudia Rückert for deres hjelp til å karakterisere klonavledet virus. Dette arbeidet ble delvis støttet av stipend fra National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, NIH under tilskudd AI114675 (BJG) og AI067380 (GDE).

1. Transformasjon og gjenvinning av smittsomme klonplasmider <ol><li> Transform begge plasmidene (separat) ved hjelp av en kommersiell transformasjonsprotokoll ( f.eks . NEB 5 Minute Transformation Protocol) med noen modifikasjoner. Begge plasmidene inneholder et gen som koder for ampicillinresistens, derfor bruk ampicillin eller carbenicillin for seleksjon. Carbenicillin er foretrukket, da det er mer stabilt. <ol><li> Fjern celler (se materialetabell) fra -80 ° C fryser og tine på is i 5-1...

<ol>
	<li>Kindhauser, M. K., Allen, T., Frank, V., Santhana, R. S., Dye, C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Zika:+the+origin+and+spread+of+a+mosquito-borne+virus.">Zika: the origin and spread of a mosquito-borne virus.</a> Bull World Health Organ. 94 (9), 675C-686C (2016).</li><li>Oehler, E., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Zika+virus+infection+complicated+by+Guillain-Barre+syndrome--case+report,+French+Polynesia,+December+2013.">Zika virus infection complicated by Guillain-Barre syndrome--case report, French Polynesia, December 2013.</a> Euro Surveill. 19 (9), (2014).</li><li>Li, D., Aaskov, J., Lott, W. 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M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Development+and+application+of+a+reverse+genetics+system+for+Japanese+encephalitis+virus.">Development and application of a reverse genetics system for Japanese encephalitis virus.</a> J Virol. 77 (11), 6450-6465 (2003).</li><li>Gualano, R. C., Pryor, M. J., Cauchi, M. R., Wright, P. J., Davidson, A. D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Identification+of+a+major+determinant+of+mouse+neurovirulence+of+dengue+virus+type+2+using+stably+cloned+genomic-length+cDNA.">Identification of a major determinant of mouse neurovirulence of dengue virus type 2 using stably cloned genomic-length cDNA.</a> J Gen Virol. 79 (Pt 3), 437-446 (1998).</li><li>Johansen, I. E. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Intron+insertion+facilitates+amplification+of+cloned+virus+cDNA+in+Escherichia+coli+while+biological+activity+is+reestablished+after+transcription+in+vivo.">Intron insertion facilitates amplification of cloned virus cDNA in Escherichia coli while biological activity is reestablished after transcription in vivo.</a> Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 93 (22), 12400-12405 (1996).</li><li>Shan, C., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=An+Infectious+cDNA+Clone+of+Zika+Virus+to+Study+Viral+Virulence,+Mosquito+Transmission,+and+Antiviral+Inhibitors.">An Infectious cDNA Clone of Zika Virus to Study Viral Virulence, Mosquito Transmission, and Antiviral Inhibitors.</a> Cell Host Microbe. 19 (6), 891-900 (2016).</li><li>Schwarz, M. C., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Rescue+of+the+1947+Zika+Virus+Prototype+Strain+with+a+Cytomegalovirus+Promoter-Driven+cDNA+Clone.">Rescue of the 1947 Zika Virus Prototype Strain with a Cytomegalovirus Promoter-Driven cDNA Clone.</a> mSphere. 1 (5), (2016).</li><li>Tsetsarkin, K. A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+Full-Length+Infectious+cDNA+Clone+of+Zika+Virus+from+the+2015+Epidemic+in+Brazil+as+a+Genetic+Platform+for+Studies+of+Virus-Host+Interactions+and+Vaccine+Development.">A Full-Length Infectious cDNA Clone of Zika Virus from the 2015 Epidemic in Brazil as a Genetic Platform for Studies of Virus-Host Interactions and Vaccine Development.</a> MBio. 7 (4), (2016).</li><li>Gadea, G., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+robust+method+for+the+rapid+generation+of+recombinant+Zika+virus+expressing+the+GFP+reporter+gene.">A robust method for the rapid generation of recombinant Zika virus expressing the GFP reporter gene.</a> Virology. 497, 157-162 (2016).</li><li>Kapoor, M., Zhang, L., Mohan, P. M., Padmanabhan, R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Synthesis+and+characterization+of+an+infectious+dengue+virus+type-2+RNA+genome+(New+Guinea+C+strain).">Synthesis and characterization of an infectious dengue virus type-2 RNA genome (New Guinea C strain).</a> Gene. 162 (2), 175-180 (1995).</li><li>Messer, W. B., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Development+and+characterization+of+a+reverse+genetic+system+for+studying+dengue+virus+serotype+3+strain+variation+and+neutralization.">Development and characterization of a reverse genetic system for studying dengue virus serotype 3 strain variation and neutralization.</a> PLoS Negl Trop Dis. 6 (2), e1486 (2012).</li><li>Kinney, R. M., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Avian+virulence+and+thermostable+replication+of+the+North+American+strain+of+West+Nile+virus.">Avian virulence and thermostable replication of the North American strain of West Nile virus.</a> J Gen Virol. 87 (Pt 12), 3611-3622 (2006).</li><li>Chang, A. C., Cohen, S. N. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Construction+and+characterization+of+amplifiable+multicopy+DNA+cloning+vehicles+derived+from+the+P15A+cryptic+miniplasmid.">Construction and characterization of amplifiable multicopy DNA cloning vehicles derived from the P15A cryptic miniplasmid.</a> J Bacteriol. 134 (3), 1141-1156 (1978).</li><li>Weger-Lucarelli, J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Development+and+Characterization+of+Recombinant+Virus+Generated+from+a+New+World+Zika+Virus+Infectious+Clone.">Development and Characterization of Recombinant Virus Generated from a New World Zika Virus Infectious Clone.</a> J Virol. 91 (1), (2017).</li><li>Roberts, P. L., Lloyd, D. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Virus+inactivation+by+protein+denaturants+used+in+affinity+chromatography.">Virus inactivation by protein denaturants used in affinity chromatography.</a> Biologicals. 35 (4), 343-347 (2007).</li><li>Baer, A., Kehn-Hall, K. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Viral+concentration+determination+through+plaque+assays:+using+traditional+and+novel+overlay+systems.">Viral concentration determination through plaque assays: using traditional and novel overlay systems.</a> J Vis Exp. (93), e52065 (2014).</li><li>Weger-Lucarelli, J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Development+and+Characterization+of+Recombinant+Virus+Generated+from+a+New+World+Zika+Virus+Infectious+Clone.">Development and Characterization of Recombinant Virus Generated from a New World Zika Virus Infectious Clone.</a> J Virol. , (2016).</li><li>Grubaugh, N. D., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Genetic+Drift+during+Systemic+Arbovirus+Infection+of+Mosquito+Vectors+Leads+to+Decreased+Relative+Fitness+during+Host+Switching.">Genetic Drift during Systemic Arbovirus Infection of Mosquito Vectors Leads to Decreased Relative Fitness during Host Switching.</a> Cell Host Microbe. 19 (4), 481-492 (2016).</li></ol>

Here we describe a method for the recovery of a bipartite infectious cDNA clone system for ZIKV. Previously described clones for ZIKV suffer from either attenuation or require the addition of introns, making plasmids larger and preventing rescue in insect cells. Infectious virus can be recovered using the two-plasmid clone system in either mammalian or insect cells (data not shown). In addition, virus recovered from this system behaves similarly to wild-type virus in several cell lines, in an immunocompromised mouse mode...

Zika-virus (ZIKV; Family Flaviviridae : Genus Flavivirus ) er et mygg-båret flavivirus som kom til Brasil i 2013-14 og ble senere assosiert med et massivt utbrudd av feber sykdom som spredte seg over hele Amerika 1 . I tillegg har ZIKV vært knyttet til alvorlige sykdomsutfall, slik som Guillain-Barré syndrom hos voksne og mikrocefali hos foster og nyfødte 2 . Det var lite kjent om ZIKV før den raske spredningen i den vestlige halvkule. Dette innebar mangel på molekylære verktøy, og dermed hindret mekanistisk forskning. Molekylære verktøy for virus, som infeksiøse cDNA kloner, lette vaksine og antiviral terapeutisk utvikling, og tillate vurdering av virale genetiske faktorer relatert til differensiell viral patogenese, immunrespons og viral evolusjon. Flavivirusinfeksjonelle kloner er kjent for å være svært ustabile i bakterier på grunn av crYptiske prokaryote promotorer tilstede i deres genomene 3 . Flere tilnærminger har blitt brukt til å lette dette problemet; Inkludert innføring av tandemrepetater oppstrøms for virussekvenser 4 , mutasjon av antatte prokaryotiske promotorsekvenser 5 , splittelse av genomet i flere plasmider 6 , lavkopi-talvektorer (inkludert bakterielle kunstige kromosomer) 7 , 8 og innsetting av introner i virusgenomet 9 . Et full lengdesystem uten endringer er beskrevet for ZIKV; Denne klonen syntes imidlertid å bli dempet i cellekultur og hos mus 10 . Andre grupper har konstruert introner i ZIKV-genomet, som tillater forstyrrelse av ustabile sekvenser i bakterier som kan spaltes ut i pattedyrceller in vitro for produksjon av smittsomt virus 11, 12 . I tillegg er et PCR-basert system med navnet infektiøse-subgenomic-Amplicons blitt brukt med hell for å redde prototypen MR766-stammen av ZIKV 13 . Tilnærmingen beskrevet her krever ingen utenlandske sekvenser, men forstyrrer snarere genomet i regionen med høy ustabilitet ved bruk av flere plasmider, som tidligere har blitt brukt med hell med feber 6 , dengue 14 , 15 og West Nile-virus 16 . Videre letter tilsetningen av hepatitt D-ribozym-sekvensen ved den virale genomiske termini opprettelsen av en autentisk 3&#39;-ende uten behov for tilsetning av et lineariseringssted. I tillegg er begge plasmidene konstruert i en vektor med lav kopi-tall (pACYC177, ~ 15 kopier per celle) for å redusere eventuell gjenværende toksisitet 17 . Viruset som er gjenopprettet, viser en vekstprofil som kan sammenlignes medForeldringsvirus i in vitro vekstkurver i 8 cellelinjer omfattende en rekke celletyper avledet fra både pattedyr og insekter, og har utvist identiske patogene profiler i mus og infeksjon, spredning og overføringshastigheter i mygg 18 . Her beskriver vi en protokoll som beskriver hvordan man dyrker de smittsomme klonplasmidene, genererer full lengde viralt RNA (det virale genomet) in vitro, og gjenoppretter smittsomt virus i cellekultur. Først beskriver vi forplantning av plasmider i bakterier eller bakteriefri forsterkning ved bruk av rullesirkelforsterkning (RCA). Deretter viser vi hvordan de to plasmidene blir fordøyd og deretter ligert sammen for å generere fulllengdsvirus. Til slutt beskriver vi produksjonen av transkribert RNA og dets etterfølgende elektroporation i Vero-celler, etterfulgt av titrering av gjenvunnet virus ( Figur 1 ). Tilnærmingen beskrevet er rask, slik at foR gjenoppretting av smittsomme viruslagre i 1-2 uker.

<table border="1" fo:keep-together.within-page="1" fo:keep-with-next.within-page="always">
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>NEB Stable CompetentE. coli</td>
			<td>New England BioLabs</td>
			<td>C3040H</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Carbenicillin, Disodium Salt</td>
			<td>various</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Zyppy Plasmid Miniprep Kit</td>
			<td>Zymo Research</td>
			<td>D4036</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>ZymoPURE Plasmid Maxiprep Kit</td>
			<td>Zymo Research</td>
			<td>D4202</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>SalI-HF</td>
			<td>New England BioLabs</td>
			<td>R3138S</td>
			<td>20,000 units/ml</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>NheI-HF</td>
			<td>New England BioLabs</td>
			<td>R3131S</td>
			<td>20,000 units/ml</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>ApaLI</td>
			<td>New England BioLabs</td>
			<td>R0507S</td>
			<td>10,000 units/ml</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>EcoRI-HF</td>
			<td>New England BioLabs</td>
			<td>R3101S</td>
			<td>20,000 units/ml</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>BamHI-HF</td>
			<td>New England BioLabs</td>
			<td>R3136S</td>
			<td>20,000 units/ml</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>HindIII-HF</td>
			<td>New England BioLabs</td>
			<td>R3104S</td>
			<td>20,000 units/ml</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>illustra TempliPhi 100 Amplification Kit</td>
			<td>GE Healthcare Life Sciences</td>
			<td>25640010</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>NucleoSpin Gel and PCR Clean-up</td>
			<td>Macherey-Nagel</td>
			<td>740609.5</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Shrimp Alkaline Phosphatase (rSAP)</td>
			<td>New England BioLabs</td>
			<td>M0371S</td>
			<td>1,000 units/ml</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Alkaline Phosphatase, Calf Intestinal (CIP)</td>
			<td>New England BioLabs</td>
			<td>M0290S</td>
			<td>10,000 units/ml</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>T4 DNA Ligase</td>
			<td>New England BioLabs</td>
			<td>M0202S</td>
			<td>400,000units/mL</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>HiScribe T7 ARCA mRNA Kit</td>
			<td>New England BioLabs</td>
			<td>E2065S</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Vero cells</td>
			<td>ATCC</td>
			<td>CCL-81</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>ECM 630 High Throughput Electroporation System</td>
			<td>BTX</td>
			<td>45-0423</td>
			<td>Other machines are acceptable.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>LB Broth with agar (Miller)</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>L3147</td>
			<td>Can be homemade as well.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Terrific Broth</td>
			<td>Sigma</td>
			<td>T0918</td>
			<td>Can be homemade as well.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Petri Dish</td>
			<td>Celltreat</td>
			<td>229693</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Culture Tubes</td>
			<td>VWR International</td>
			<td>60818-576</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>T75 flasks</td>
			<td>Celltreat</td>
			<td>229340</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>T182 flasks</td>
			<td>Celltreat</td>
			<td>229350</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>1x PBS</td>
			<td>Corning</td>
			<td>21-040-CV</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>RPMI 1640 with L-glutamine</td>
			<td>Corning</td>
			<td>10-040-CV</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>DMEM with L-glutamine and 4.5 g/L glucose</td>
			<td>Corning</td>
			<td>10-017-CV</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Fetal Bovine Serum (FBS)</td>
			<td>Atlas Biologicals</td>
			<td>FP-0500-A</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Tragacanth Powder</td>
			<td>MP Bio</td>
			<td>MP 104792</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Crystal Violet</td>
			<td>Amresco</td>
			<td>0528-1006</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Ethanol Denatured</td>
			<td>VWR International</td>
			<td>BDH1156-1LP</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>6 well plate</td>
			<td>Celltreat</td>
			<td>229106</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>12 well plate</td>
			<td>Celltreat</td>
			<td>229111</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Sequencing Oligos</td>
			<td>IDT</td>
			<td>see table 1</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Qubit 3.0</td>
			<td>ThermoFisher</td>
			<td>Qubit 3.0</td>
			<td>other methods are acceptable.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Qubit dsDNA BR Assay Kit</td>
			<td>ThermoFisher</td>
			<td>Q32850</td>
			<td>other methods are acceptable.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Qubit RNA HS Assay Kit</td>
			<td>ThermoFisher</td>
			<td>Q32852</td>
			<td>other methods are acceptable.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Class II Biosafety Cabinet</td>
			<td>Varies</td>
			<td>N/A</td>
			<td>This is necessary for live-virus work.</td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

rescue and characterization of recombinant virus from a new world zika virus infectious clone

Infeksiøse cDNA kloner tillater genetisk manipulering av et virus, og dermed letter arbeidet med vaksiner, patogenese, replikasjon, overføring og viral evolusjon. Her beskriver vi konstruksjonen av en smittsom klon for Zika virus (ZIKV), som for tiden forårsaker et eksplosivt utbrudd i Amerika. For å forhindre toksisitet for bakterier som vanligvis observeres med flavivirus-avledede plasmider, genererte vi et to-plasmidsystem som separerer genomet ved NS1-genet og er stabile enn full lengdekonstruksjoner som ikke kunne bli vellykket gjenopprettet uten mutasjoner. Etter fordøyelse og ligering for å bli med i de to fragmentene, kan full lengde viralt RNA genereres ved in vitro transkripsjon med T7 RNA polymerase. Etter elektroporering av transkribert RNA i celler ble virus gjenvunnet som utviste tilsvarende in vitro vekstkinetikk og in vivo virulens- og infeksjonsfenotyper hos henholdsvis mus og mygg.

Protokollen beskrevet her muliggjør utvinning av infeksiøst klonavledet Zika-virus. Manipulering av det to-plasmidinfeksjonelle klonsystemet er rettferdig når det utføres med forsiktighet, sammenlignet med full lengdeversjoner som er svært ustabile (data ikke vist). Etter fordøyelse og ligering av de to adskilte stykkene, blir takket RNA fremstilt ved bruk av in vitro transkripsjon med T7-polymerase, som deretter elektroporeres i Vero-celler ( Figur 1<...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Rescue and Characterization of Recombinant Virus from a New World Zika Virus Infectious Clone at JoVE.com

Rescue and Characterization of Recombinant Virus from a New World Zika Virus Infectious Clone

Denne protokollen beskriver utvinningen av smittsomt Zika-virus fra en to-plasmidinfeksjonell cDNA-klon.

Redning og karakterisering av rekombinant virus fra en ny verden Zika Virus smittsom klon

Infectious cDNA clones allow for genetic manipulation of a virus, thus facilitating work on vaccines, pathogenesis, replication, transmission and viral ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Immunology and Infection

Generation of Recombinant Influenza Virus from Plasmid DNA

Efforts by a number of influenza research groups have been pivotal in the development and improvement of influenza A virus reverse genetics. Originally ...

Detection of Infectious Virus from Field-collected Mosquitoes by Vero Cell Culture Assay

Mosquitoes transmit a number of distinct viruses including important human pathogens such as West Nile virus, dengue virus, and chickungunya virus. Many ...

Propagating and Detecting an Infectious Molecular Clone of Maedi-visna Virus that Expresses Green Fluorescent Protein

Maedi-visna virus (MVV) is a lentivirus of sheep, causing slowly progressive interstitial pneumonia and encephalitis1. The primary target cells of MVV in ...

Rescue of Recombinant Newcastle Disease Virus from cDNA

Redning av rekombinant Newcastle Disease Virus fra cDNA

Newcastle disease virus (NDV), the prototype member of  the Avulavirus genus of the family Paramyxoviridae1, is a non-segmented,  negative-sense, ...

Neutrophil Isolation and Analysis to Determine their Role in Lymphoma Cell Sensitivity to Therapeutic Agents

Nøytrofile Isolering og analyse for å fastslå deres rolle i lymfom Cell Følsomhet for Terapeutiske midler

Neutrophils are the most abundant (40% to 75%) type of white blood cells and among the first inflammatory cells to migrate towards the site of ...

Zika Virus Infectious Cell Culture System and the In Vitro Prophylactic Effect of Interferons

Zika Virus Infectious Cell Culture System and the In Vitro Prophylactic Effect of Interferons

Zika Virus Infeksiøs Cell Culture System og<em&gt; In Vitro</em&gt; Profylaktisk Effekt av Interferon

Zika Virus (ZIKV) is an emerging pathogen that is linked to fetal developmental abnormalities such as microcephaly, eye defects, and impaired growth. ZIKV ...

Zika Virus Specific Diagnostic Epitope Discovery

Zika Virus spesifikke diagnostiske Epitope oppdagelsen

High-density peptide microarrays allow screening of more than six thousand peptides on a single standard microscopy slide. This method can be applied for ...

A Simple Flow Cytometry Based Assay to Determine In Vitro Antibody Dependent Enhancement of Dengue Virus Using Zika Virus Convalescent Serum

A Simple Flow Cytometry Based Assay to Determine In Vitro Antibody Dependent Enhancement of Dengue Virus Using Zika Virus Convalescent Serum

En enkel flowcytometri basert analyse for å fastslå In Vitro antistoff avhengige forbedring av Dengue Virus benytter Zika Virus rekonvalesent Serum

Antibody dependent enhancement of infection has been shown to play a major role in Dengue viral pathogenesis. Traditional assays that measure the capacity ...

Rapid, Safe, and Simple Manual Bedside Nucleic Acid Extraction for the Detection of Virus in Whole Blood Samples

Rask, sikker og enkel manuell sengen nukleinsyre utvinning for påvisning av Virus i hele blodprøver

The rapid diagnosis of an infection is essential for the outbreak management, risk containment, and patient care. We have previously shown a method for ...

Quantification of Antibody-dependent Enhancement of the Zika Virus in Primary Human Cells

Kvantifisering av antistoff avhengige forsterkning av Zika viruset i primære menneskelige celler

The recent emergence of the flavivirus Zika and neurological complications, such as Guillain-Barr&#233; syndrome and microcephaly in infants, has brought ...