Name: optical coherence tomography: imaging mouse retinal ganglion cells in vivo
Uploaded: 2017-09-22T13:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Optical Coherence Tomography: Imaging Mouse Retinal Ganglion Cells In Vivo at JoVE.com

这项工作由 Inserm, 大学蒙彼利埃, 视网膜法国, 联合国家 des Aveugles et Déficients Visuels (UNADEV), 协会综合征钨, 基金会倾吐 la 研究 Médicale, 法兰西基金会和卓越实验室支持EpiGenMed 计划。

《实验议定书》获得了国家 #233 和 #233;d icale (Inserm; 研究);蒙彼利埃, 法国), 符合欧洲的指示, 并符合帕特声明的使用动物在眼科研究。它是根据《动物实验 (CEEALR; nuCEEA-LR-12123) 》中的《伦理道德的一致性的协议进行的. 
 1. 设备设置和预成像准备 注意: 在这里, OCT 是利用光谱域 (SD) 眼科成像系统 ( 图 1A ) 在小鼠视网膜上进行的。SD OCT ...

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	<li>Drexler, W., Fujimoto, J. G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=State-of-the-art+retinal+optical+coherence+tomography.">State-of-the-art retinal optical coherence tomography.</a> Prog Retin Eye Res. 27 (1), 45-88 (2008).</li><li>Grenier, J., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=WFS1+in+Optic+Neuropathies:+Mutation+Findings+in+Nonsyndromic+Optic+Atrophy+and+Assessment+of+Clinical+Severity.">WFS1 in Optic Neuropathies: Mutation Findings in Nonsyndromic Optic Atrophy and Assessment of Clinical Severity.</a> Ophthalmology. 123 (9), 1989-1998 (2016).</li><li>Zmyslowska, A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Retinal+thinning+as+a+marker+of+disease+progression+in+patients+with+Wolfram+syndrome.">Retinal thinning as a marker of disease progression in patients with Wolfram syndrome.</a> Diabetes Care. 38 (3), e36-e37 (2015).</li><li>Fischer, M. D., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Noninvasive,+in+vivo+assessment+of+mouse+retinal+structure+using+optical+coherence+tomography.">Noninvasive, in vivo assessment of mouse retinal structure using optical coherence tomography.</a> PLoS One. 4 (10), e7507 (2009).</li><li>Grieve, K., Thouvenin, O., Sengupta, A., Borderie, V. M., Paques, M. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Appearance+of+the+Retina+With+Full-Field+Optical+Coherence+Tomography.">Appearance of the Retina With Full-Field Optical Coherence Tomography.</a> Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 57 (9), OCT96-OCT104 (2016).</li><li>Chang, B., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Retinal+degeneration+mutants+in+the+mouse.">Retinal degeneration mutants in the mouse.</a> Vision Res. 42 (4), 517-525 (2002).</li><li>Mustafa, S., Pandit, L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Approach+to+diagnosis+and+management+of+optic+neuropathy.">Approach to diagnosis and management of optic neuropathy.</a> Neurol India. 62 (6), 599-605 (2014).</li><li>Sarzi, E., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+human+OPA1delTTAG+mutation+induces+premature+age-related+systemic+neurodegeneration+in+mouse.">The human OPA1delTTAG mutation induces premature age-related systemic neurodegeneration in mouse.</a> Brain. 135 (Pt 12), 3599-3613 (2012).</li><li>Sarzi, E., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Increased+steroidogenesis+promotes+early-onset+and+severe+vision+loss+in+females+with+OPA1+dominant+optic+atrophy.">Increased steroidogenesis promotes early-onset and severe vision loss in females with OPA1 dominant optic atrophy.</a> Hum Mol Genet. 25 (12), 2539-2551 (2016).</li><li>Delettre-Cribaillet, C., Hamel, C. P., Lenaers, G., Pagon, R. A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Optic+Atrophy+Type+1.">Optic Atrophy Type 1.</a> Gene Reviews. 7 (2007), (2007).</li><li>Lenaers, G., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Dominant+optic+atrophy.">Dominant optic atrophy.</a> Orphanet J Rare Dis. 7 (46), (2012).</li><li>Delettre, C., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Nuclear+gene+OPA1,+encoding+a+mitochondrial+dynamin-related+protein,+is+mutated+in+dominant+optic+atrophy.">Nuclear gene OPA1, encoding a mitochondrial dynamin-related protein, is mutated in dominant optic atrophy.</a> Nat Genet. 26 (2), 207-210 (2000).</li><li>Liu, Y., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Monitoring+retinal+morphologic+and+functional+changes+in+mice+following+optic+nerve+crush.">Monitoring retinal morphologic and functional changes in mice following optic nerve crush.</a> Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 55 (6), 3766-3774 (2014).</li></ol>

OCT 系统是一种非侵入性的活体成像方法, 它提供了高分辨率的视网膜横断面扫描。因此, 它的主要优势是它的详细分析的潜力, 与极好的机会, 转置协议常规适用于人类的鼠标模型。
在 Opa1delTTAG突变小鼠的例子中, SD OCT 结果显示了纤维和 GC 复合层厚度的增加, 这使得对 DOA 病理生理学的进一步探索9。这是不可能完全通过组织学分析。相比...

OCT 是一种诊断工具, 有助于检查视网膜结构1, 包括视神经头 (ONH)。多年来, 它已经成为人类疾病进展的可靠指标2,3, 以及啮齿动物4,5。它使用干涉法来创建2µm 轴向分辨率的视网膜层的横断面图像。最内层是视网膜神经纤维层 (纤维), 含有研资局轴突, 其次是神经节细胞层 (协鑫), 其中大部分为研资机构。其次是内部状层 (彩光), 在那里, 王国的树突满足两极, 水平, 和突细胞轴突。这些, 连同水平的细胞, 形成内部核层 (INL), 并且他们的突起连接与感光轴突在外部状层 (组织)。其次是外核层 (只), 与感光细胞体, 并通过外部限制膜 (OLM) 与感光层分离, 也称为内段/外段 (是/OS) 层。最后, 在小鼠视网膜的最后可见层是视网膜色素上皮 (RPE) 和脉络膜 (C)。单独的纤维通常太薄, 不能用老鼠来测量;因此, 分析纤维/协鑫是最好的4,5。另一个可能性是 GC 复合层, 它包含了后者, 除了光子, 使它更厚, 从而更容易测量 OCT 扫描4。因此, OCT 可以提供洞察的病理状态的视网膜, 如在 OPNs。
另一种方法是, 用剖检组织学来分析小鼠视网膜的厚度。然而, 这项技术面临的限制与组织收集, 固定, 切割, 染色, 安装,等因此, 一些缺陷, 如微妙的厚度变化, 无法检测到。最后, 由于同一鼠标不能在多个时间点测试, 所以每项研究的动物数量大大增加, 不像 OCT。所有的侵入、高分辨率、重复的可能性、时间的监控以及 OCT 技术的易用性使其成为视网膜疾病研究的首选方法。
小鼠模型用于识别基因缺陷并阐明 retinopathies6的分子机制。OPN 是一种视网膜病变, 对视神经 (ON) 有很大的损害, 由大约120万王国的神经轴突构成。OPN 可以集中在上, 也可以是次要的其他疾病, 先天或不7, 导致视觉领域的损失, 后来, 失明。OPN 的特征性状为研资损失和损害, 可在人类 OCT 中观察到为纤维和协变细化2,3。同时, OPN 的病理生理学尚不清楚, 因此需要对小鼠视网膜进行检测。
这份手稿描述了视网膜层厚度的成像和量化, 使用 Opa1delTTAG鼠标线8,9的例子, 一个显性光学萎缩 (DOA)10的模型。评估研资局的病理生理学、放射、矩形和环形扫描的数量。这是通过 OCT 软件提供的标准卡尺或为开源图像处理程序开发的自制宏完成的。标准卡尺是难以操作, 往往比纤维/协进会厚, 而自制卡钳是易于使用, 重现性, 更精确。该宏在 peripapillary 区域的 ONH 的两侧对自动检测到的层进行了测量, 在5点和固定位置上。所提出的协议的目的是描述 OCT 扫描获得指定视网膜定位, 重点是视网膜。

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optical coherence tomography: imaging mouse retinal ganglion cells in vivo

视网膜结构改变是眼科疾病的常见表现。光学相干断层扫描 (OCT) 使他们的识别在体内-迅速, 反复, 并在高分辨率。该协议描述 OCT 成像在鼠标视网膜作为一个强大的工具, 研究光学神经病 (OPN)。OCT 系统是一个 interferometry-based, 非侵入性的替代一般的验尸组织学化验。它提供了一个快速和准确的评估视网膜厚度, 使可能跟踪变化, 如视网膜变薄或增厚。我们以 Opa1delTTAG鼠标线为例介绍了成像过程和分析。提出了三种扫描方式, 采用两种定量方法: 标准和自制卡尺。后者是最好的使用在 peripapillary 视网膜的径向扫描;更精确, 更适合分析更薄的结构。这里描述的所有方法都是为视网膜神经节细胞 (王国) 设计的, 但很容易适应其他细胞的数量。总之, OCT 是有效的小鼠模型分, 并有可能用于可靠的评价治疗干预。

SD OCT 技术使视网膜的想象和厚度分析可以与组织学相媲美, 但速度更快且更详细 (图 3)。正如野生 C57Bl/6 小鼠所提出的, 即使 SD OCT 扫描 (图 3A, 右) 的质量不如视网膜横断面 (图 3A, 左) 的图像好, 它可视化更多的层 (例如, OLM)。此外, 它只需要大约40分钟, 包括小鼠准备, 与几天或几周的组织学分析。最?...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Optical Coherence Tomography: Imaging Mouse Retinal Ganglion Cells In Vivo at JoVE.com

Optical Coherence Tomography: Imaging Mouse Retinal Ganglion Cells In Vivo

这篇手稿描述了一个协议为在体内成像的小鼠视网膜与高分辨率光谱领域光学相干断层扫描 (SD OCT)。它的重点是视网膜神经节细胞 (王国) 在 peripapillary 地区, 有几个扫描和量化的方法描述。

光学相干断层扫描: 成像小鼠视网膜神经节细胞在体内

Structural changes in the retina are common manifestations of ophthalmic diseases. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) enables their identification in ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Neuroscience

Optical Coherence Tomography: Imaging Mouse Retinal Ganglion Cells In Vivo

An Isolated Retinal Preparation to Record Light Response from Genetically Labeled Retinal Ganglion Cells

一个孤立的视网膜制备，记录从基因标记的视网膜神经节细胞的光反应

The first steps in vertebrate vision take place when light stimulates the rod and cone photoreceptors of the retina 1.  This information is then ...

科研

神经科学

Optical Imaging of Neurons in the Crab Stomatogastric Ganglion with Voltage-sensitive Dyes

蟹电压敏感染料Stomatogastric神经节神经元的光学成像

Voltage-sensitive dye imaging of neurons is a key methodology for the understanding of how neuronal networks are organised and how the simultaneous ...

Transfection of Mouse Retinal Ganglion Cells by in vivo Electroporation

Transfection of Mouse Retinal Ganglion Cells by in vivo Electroporation

小鼠视网膜神经节细胞的转染在体内电穿孔

The targeting and refinement of RGC projections to the midbrain is a popular and powerful model system for studying how precise patterns of neural ...

Thinned-skull Cortical Window Technique for In Vivo Optical Coherence Tomography Imaging

Thinned-skull Cortical Window Technique for In Vivo Optical Coherence Tomography Imaging

稀疏的头骨皮层的窗口技术<em在体内</em光学相干断层成像

Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a biomedical imaging technique  with high spatial-temporal resolution. With its minimally invasive approach OCT  has ...

Implementing Dynamic Clamp with Synaptic and Artificial Conductances in Mouse Retinal Ganglion Cells

在小鼠视网膜神经细胞，实现动态夹具与突触和人工电导

Ganglion cells are the output neurons of the  retina and their activity reflects the integration of multiple synaptic inputs  arising from specific neural ...

Retrograde Labeling of Retinal Ganglion Cells in Adult Zebrafish with Fluorescent Dyes

视网膜神经节细胞逆行标记的成年斑马鱼与荧光染料

As retrograde labeling retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) can isolate RGCs somata from dying sites, it has become the gold standard for counting RGCs in RGCs ...

Using Optical Coherence Tomography and Optokinetic Response As Structural and Functional Visual System Readouts in Mice and Rats

光学相干层析成像和光运动响应在小鼠和大鼠中的结构和功能视觉系统读数

Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a fast, non-invasive, interferometric technique allowing high-resolution retinal imaging. It is an ideal tool for ...

Retinal Vascular Reactivity as Assessed by Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography

光相一致性断层扫描血管造影评估的视网膜血管反应

The vascular supply to the retina has been shown to dynamically adapt through vasoconstriction and vasodilation to accommodate the metabolic demands of ...

In vivo Calcium Imaging of Mouse Geniculate Ganglion Neuron Responses to Taste Stimuli

在活体钙成像小鼠致病性甘里昂神经元对味觉刺激的反应

Within the last ten years, advances in genetically encoded calcium indicators (GECIs) have promoted a revolution in in vivo functional imaging. Using ...