Name: patterning bioactive proteins or peptides on hydrogel using photochemistry for biological applications
Uploaded: 2017-09-15T14:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Patterning Bioactive Proteins or Peptides on Hydrogel Using Photochemistry for Biological Applications at JoVE.com

这项研究主要由美国心脏协会科学家发展补助金 (12SDG12050083)、国家卫生研究院 (R21HL102773、R01HL118245) 和国家科学基金会 (CBET-1263455 和CBET-1350240 到动力局)。

1. 水凝胶合成材料的制备 <ol> <li> 在无菌条件下准备 PEGDA、锂 phenyl-2,4,6-trimethylbenzoylphosphinate (膝) 和纤维连接蛋白的库存解决方案, 并基于计算 (表 1A). 
	<ol> <li> 在磷酸盐缓冲盐 (PBS) 中称量和溶解化合物。通常, 保持 PEGDA 工作溶液浓度在50和200毫克/毫升 (5-20% 重量/体积)。通过 0.22 #181; m 注射器过滤器进行消毒, 以 PEGDA 溶液. 
		注: 和 #160; 保持 PEGDA 解决方案覆盖的铝箔包装, 以保?...

<ol>
	<li>Yao, S., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Co-effects+of+matrix+low+elasticity+and+aligned+topography+on+stem+cell+neurogenic+differentiation+and+rapid+neurite+outgrowth.">Co-effects of matrix low elasticity and aligned topography on stem cell neurogenic differentiation and rapid neurite outgrowth.</a> Nanoscale. 8 (19), 10252-10265 (2016).</li><li>Evans, N. D., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Substrate+stiffness+affects+early+differentiation+events+in+embryonic+stem+cells.">Substrate stiffness affects early differentiation events in embryonic stem cells.</a> Eur Cells Mater. 18, 1-13 (2009).</li><li>Ye, K., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Matrix+Stiffness+and+Nanoscale+Spatial+Organization+of+Cell-Adhesive+Ligands+Direct+Stem+Cell+Fate.">Matrix Stiffness and Nanoscale Spatial Organization of Cell-Adhesive Ligands Direct Stem Cell Fate.</a> Nano Lett. 15 (7), 4720-4729 (2015).</li><li>Discher, D. E., Janmey, P., Wang, Y. L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Tissue+cells+feel+and+respond+to+the+stiffness+of+their+substrate.">Tissue cells feel and respond to the stiffness of their substrate.</a> Science. 310 (5751), 1139-1143 (2005).</li><li>Sridhar, B. V., Doyle, N. R., Randolph, M. A., Anseth, K. S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Covalently+tethered+TGF-beta1+with+encapsulated+chondrocytes+in+a+PEG+hydrogel+system+enhances+extracellular+matrix+production.">Covalently tethered TGF-beta1 with encapsulated chondrocytes in a PEG hydrogel system enhances extracellular matrix production.</a> J Biomed Mater Res A. 102 (12), 4464-4472 (2014).</li><li>Salinas, C. N., Anseth, K. S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Decorin+moieties+tethered+into+PEG+networks+induce+chondrogenesis+of+human+mesenchymal+stem+cells.">Decorin moieties tethered into PEG networks induce chondrogenesis of human mesenchymal stem cells.</a> J Biomed Mater Res A. 90 (2), 456-464 (2009).</li><li>Joddar, B., Guy, A. T., Kamiguchi, H., Ito, Y. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Spatial+gradients+of+chemotropic+factors+from+immobilized+patterns+to+guide+axonal+growth+and+regeneration.">Spatial gradients of chemotropic factors from immobilized patterns to guide axonal growth and regeneration.</a> Biomaterials. 34 (37), 9593-9601 (2013).</li><li>Wylie, R. G., Ahsan, S., Aizawa, Y., Maxwell, K. L., Morshead, C. M., Shoichet, M. S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Spatially+controlled+simultaneous+patterning+of+multiple+growth+factors+in+three-dimensional+hydrogels.">Spatially controlled simultaneous patterning of multiple growth factors in three-dimensional hydrogels.</a> Nat Mater. 10 (10), 799-806 (2011).</li><li>Tibbitt, M. W., Anseth, K. S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Hydrogels+as+extracellular+matrix+mimics+for+3D+cell+culture.">Hydrogels as extracellular matrix mimics for 3D cell culture.</a> Biotechnol Bioeng. 103 (4), 655-663 (2009).</li><li>Lutolf, M. P., Hubbell, J. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Synthetic+biomaterials+as+instructive+extracellular+microenvironments+for+morphogenesis+in+tissue+engineering.">Synthetic biomaterials as instructive extracellular microenvironments for morphogenesis in tissue engineering.</a> Nat Biotechnol. 23 (1), 47-55 (2005).</li><li>Saik, J. E., Gould, D. J., Keswani, A. H., Dickinson, M. E., West, J. L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Biomimetic+hydrogels+with+immobilized+ephrinA1+for+therapeutic+angiogenesis.">Biomimetic hydrogels with immobilized ephrinA1 for therapeutic angiogenesis.</a> Biomacromolecules. 12 (7), 2715-2722 (2011).</li><li>McCall, J. D., Anseth, K. S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Thiol-ene+photopolymerizations+provide+a+facile+method+to+encapsulate+proteins+and+maintain+their+bioactivity.">Thiol-ene photopolymerizations provide a facile method to encapsulate proteins and maintain their bioactivity.</a> Biomacromolecules. 13 (8), 2410-2417 (2012).</li><li>Fairbanks, B. D., Schwartz, M. P., Bowman, C. N., Anseth, K. S. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Photoinitiated+polymerization+of+PEG-diacrylate+with+lithium+phenyl-2,4,6-trimethylbenzoylphosphinate:+polymerization+rate+and+cytocompatibility.">Photoinitiated polymerization of PEG-diacrylate with lithium phenyl-2,4,6-trimethylbenzoylphosphinate: polymerization rate and cytocompatibility.</a> Biomaterials. 29 (6), 997-1003 (2009).</li><li>Zuidema, J. M., Rivet, C. J., Gilbert, R. J., Morrison, F. A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+protocol+for+rheological+characterization+of+hydrogels+for+tissue+engineering+strategies.">A protocol for rheological characterization of hydrogels for tissue engineering strategies.</a> J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater. 102 (5), 1063-1073 (2014).</li><li>Truat's Reagent Instructions. Thermo Scientific Available from: <a target="_blank" href="https://tools.thermofisher.com/content/sfs/.../MAN0011238_Trauts_Reag_UG.pdf">https://tools.thermofisher.com/content/sfs/.../MAN0011238_Trauts_Reag_UG.pdf</a> (2017)</li><li>Ellman's Reagent Instructions. Thermo Scientific Available from: <a target="_blank" href="https://tools.thermofisher.com/content/sfs/manuals/MAN0011216_Ellmans_Reag_UG.pdf">https://tools.thermofisher.com/content/sfs/manuals/MAN0011216_Ellmans_Reag_UG.pdf</a> (2017)</li><li>Desalting Columns. GE Life Sciences Available from: <a target="_blank" href="https://www.gelifesciences.com/gehcls_images/GELS/Related%20Content/Files/1478781880316/litdoc52130800_2016111034421.pdf">https://www.gelifesciences.com/gehcls_images/GELS/Related%20Content/Files/1478781880316/litdoc52130800_2016111034421.pdf</a> (2017)</li></ol>

该协议提供了一种生物活性蛋白模式的生物学应用的方法。对于不同的实验, 可以进行一些修改以适应此协议。首先, 对于不同的单元格类型, 单元格附件要求会有所不同。如果最初观察到凝胶的不良细胞附着, 则建议在前体溶液中增加 ECM 蛋白的浓度。其他 ECM 蛋白可以用来代替纤维连接蛋白, 包括不同类型的胶原蛋白, 层粘连蛋白, 或其组合。对于每个新的细胞类型, 细胞附件应优化之前, 水凝胶模...

有许多刺激会影响细胞的行为。通常, 典型的细胞培养技术依赖于可溶性因素来诱发细胞反应;但是, 这种方法存在局限性。这些方法无法准确地显示在体内常见的所有信号图案。这种信号机制包括隔离生长因子, 细胞信号, 和空间特定的生化线索。此外, 基板刚度在细胞行为和干细胞分化中起着重要的作用, 使用普通细胞培养方法也不容易操作1,2。生物材料的方法提供了一个新的平台, 开始探索这些信号机制。特别是, 水凝胶是优化的候选基板刚度3,4, 固定蛋白和肽5,6, 并创建空间特定模式7,8。
水凝胶通常用作组织工程的支架, 因为它们具有生物物理和生物化学的共性, 细胞外基质 (ECM)9,10。天然高分子材料是支架的常见选择, 因为它们具有生物相容性, 并且在人体的许多组织中都能找到。使用天然高分子材料作为基质的局限性在于, 它们缺乏易于操作的化学基 bioconjugation。另一方面, 合成水凝胶, 如 PEG, 是优秀的平台为靶向化学11,12。此外, PEG 水凝胶不会引起细胞反应, 因此被用作建立生物活性支架的惰性骨干。
为建立生物活性水凝胶, 聚合和硫醇-烯的点击化学反应被使用。这些 photoreactions 需要一个光和一个紫外线光源。当引发被引入紫外光时, 键会断裂形成自由基。这些自由基是启动反应所必需的, 但会对蛋白质的生物活性产生负面影响12,13。因此, 最重要的是优化光和紫外线暴露时间, 以保持蛋白质的生物活性。
该方法通过丙烯酸酯-丙烯酸酯链生长聚合合成水凝胶。PEG-丙烯酸酯 (PEGDA) 单体相互反应形成分支聚合物网络, 负责水凝胶的结构。在凝胶前驱体溶液中 PEGDA 单体的浓度将控制基体的刚度。由于水凝胶的小孔径大小, ECM 蛋白, 如纤维连接蛋白, 可以很容易地纳入水凝胶的目的是细胞附件。最后, 这些水凝胶可以是表面图案的生物活性肽或蛋白质通过硫醇-烯的点击化学反应。在这里, 未免费的丙烯酸酯在水凝胶系统将反应与自由硫位于蛋白质或肽时暴露在紫外线。在水凝胶表面固定蛋白质或多肽后, 水凝胶可在4° c 贮存数周而不会失去生物活性。这为实验室提供了方便、灵活的实验计划和协作的可能性。总的来说, 这个平台允许生物力学和空间生化控制, 相互独立, 从而有机会影响细胞的行为。

<table width="1237">
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		<col />
		<col />
		<col />
	</colgroup>
	<tbody>
		<tr height="35">
			<td height="35" style="width:237px;height:35px;">PEG-diacrylate (PEGDA)</td>
			<td style="width:112px;">Laysan Bio</td>
			<td style="width:223px;">ACRL-PEG-ACRL-3400</td>
			<td style="width:665px;">Can also be synthesized or purchased through other venders. Different molecular weights can be used.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="60">
			<td height="60" style="width:237px;height:60px;">Lithium Phenyl-2,4,6-trimethylbenzoylphosphinate (LAP)</td>
			<td style="width:112px;"></td>
			<td style="width:223px;"></td>
			<td style="width:665px;">Synthesized in lab</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="35">
			<td height="35" style="width:237px;height:35px;">Fibronectin</td>
			<td style="width:112px;">Corning</td>
			<td style="width:223px;">356008</td>
			<td style="width:665px;">Other cell attachment proteins can be used, such as laminin, matrigel</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="35">
			<td height="35" style="width:237px;height:35px;">Phosphate-buffered saline (PBS)</td>
			<td style="width:112px;">Sigma</td>
			<td style="width:223px;">D8537-500ML</td>
			<td style="width:665px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="35">
			<td height="35" style="width:237px;height:35px;">Photomask</td>
			<td style="width:112px;">FineLine Imaging</td>
			<td style="width:223px;">n/a</td>
			<td style="width:665px;">Custom prints on transparent sheets with high resolution DPI.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="35">
			<td height="35" style="width:237px;height:35px;">Binder Clips</td>
			<td style="width:112px;">Various Vendors</td>
			<td style="width:223px;"></td>
			<td style="width:665px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="52">
			<td height="52" style="width:237px;height:52px;">Compact UV Light Source (365nm)</td>
			<td style="width:112px;">UVP</td>
			<td style="width:223px;">UVP-21</td>
			<td style="width:665px;">Other UV light sources can be used, calibration of power is required.</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="57">
			<td height="57" style="width:237px;height:57px;">2-iminothiolane (Pierce Traut&#8217;s Reagent)</td>
			<td style="width:112px;">Thermo Sci.</td>
			<td style="width:223px;">26101</td>
			<td style="width:665px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="82">
			<td height="82" style="width:237px;height:82px;">Ellman&#8217;s Reagent: DTNB; 5,5-dithio-bis(2-nitrobenzoic acid)</td>
			<td style="width:112px;">Thermo Sci.</td>
			<td style="width:223px;">22582</td>
			<td style="width:665px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="52">
			<td height="52" style="width:237px;height:52px;">human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs)</td>
			<td style="width:112px;">Lonza</td>
			<td style="width:223px;"></td>
			<td style="width:665px;">passage number between 6- 10</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="52">
			<td height="52" style="width:237px;height:52px;">EGM-2 Media</td>
			<td style="width:112px;">Lonza</td>
			<td style="width:223px;">CC31-56, CC-3162</td>
			<td style="width:665px;">EGM-2 without growth factors was used in experiments. Full EGM-2 media was used for cell maintainance</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="35">
			<td height="35" style="width:237px;height:35px;">0.25% Trypsin EDTA</td>
			<td style="width:112px;">Life Tech</td>
			<td style="width:223px;">25200-056</td>
			<td style="width:665px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="35">
			<td height="35" style="width:237px;height:35px;">Trypsin Neutralizer</td>
			<td style="width:112px;">Life Tech</td>
			<td style="width:223px;">R-002-100</td>
			<td style="width:665px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="35">
			<td height="35" style="width:237px;height:35px;">Centrifuge</td>
			<td style="width:112px;">Various Venders</td>
			<td style="width:223px;"></td>
			<td style="width:665px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="35">
			<td height="35" style="width:237px;height:35px;">Hemocytometer</td>
			<td style="width:112px;">Hausser Sci. Bright-line</td>
			<td style="width:223px;"></td>
			<td style="width:665px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="51">
			<td height="51" style="width:237px;height:51px;">Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA)</td>
			<td style="width:112px;">Sigma Aldrich</td>
			<td style="width:223px;">E6758</td>
			<td style="width:665px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="35">
			<td height="35" style="width:237px;height:35px;">0.22&#181;m filter</td>
			<td style="width:112px;">Cell Treat</td>
			<td style="width:223px;">229743</td>
			<td style="width:665px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="35">
			<td height="35" style="width:237px;height:35px;">1mL Syringe</td>
			<td style="width:112px;"></td>
			<td style="width:223px;"></td>
			<td style="width:665px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="35">
			<td height="35" style="width:237px;height:35px;">Glass Microscope Slides</td>
			<td style="width:112px;">Fisher Sci.</td>
			<td style="width:223px;">12-550C</td>
			<td style="width:665px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="35">
			<td height="35" style="width:237px;height:35px;">Plastic spacers</td>
			<td style="width:112px;">Various Venders</td>
			<td style="width:223px;"></td>
			<td style="width:665px;">0.5mm thickness</td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="35">
			<td height="35" style="width:237px;height:35px;">70% Ethanol</td>
			<td style="width:112px;">BICCA</td>
			<td style="width:223px;">2546.70-1</td>
			<td style="width:665px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="35">
			<td height="35" style="width:237px;height:35px;">Bio-shield</td>
			<td style="width:112px;">Bio-shield</td>
			<td style="width:223px;">19-150-0010</td>
			<td style="width:665px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="35">
			<td height="35" style="width:237px;height:35px;">Bradford Reagent&#160;</td>
			<td style="width:112px;">BIO-RAD</td>
			<td style="width:223px;"></td>
			<td style="width:665px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="35">
			<td height="35" style="width:237px;height:35px;">Desalting Resin - Sephadex G-25</td>
			<td style="width:112px;">GE Healthcare</td>
			<td style="width:223px;">95016-754</td>
			<td style="width:665px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="35">
			<td height="35" style="width:237px;height:35px;">Microspin Columns</td>
			<td style="width:112px;">Thermo Sci.</td>
			<td style="width:223px;">PI69725</td>
			<td style="width:665px;"></td>
		</tr>
		<tr height="35">
			<td height="35" style="width:237px;height:35px;">AR-G2 rehometer</td>
			<td style="width:112px;">TA Instruments</td>
			<td style="width:223px;"></td>
			<td style="width:665px;"></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

patterning bioactive proteins or peptides on hydrogel using photochemistry for biological applications

有许多生物刺激可以影响细胞行为和干细胞分化。一般细胞培养方法依赖于培养基中的可溶性因子来控制细胞的行为。然而, 可溶性添加物不能模仿某些信号的图案, 如基质结合生长因子, 细胞信号, 和空间生化线索, 这是常见的影响细胞。此外, 基体的生物物理特性, 如基底刚度, 在细胞的命运中发挥重要作用, 这是不容易使用传统的细胞培养实践操作。在这种方法中, 我们描述了一个简单的协议, 提供图案生物活性蛋白的合成聚乙二醇 (PEG) 水凝胶使用光化学。该平台可以独立控制基板的刚度和空间生化信号。这些水凝胶可以达到很大范围的生理相关的刚度值。此外, 这些水凝胶的表面可以 photopatterned 与生物活性肽或蛋白质通过硫醇-烯的点击化学反应。这些方法已经过优化, 以保留蛋白质功能后, 表面固定。这是一个多才多艺的协议, 可以适用于任何蛋白质或多肽的利益, 以创造各种模式。最后, 在这些生物活性水凝胶表面上播种的细胞可以随着时间的推移对空间特定的信号进行监测。

在 PEG 水凝胶表面建立生物活性模式的协议在图 1中进行了说明。开发了一个电子表格来计算每个股票解决方案的体积和浓度 (表 1A)。蛋白质被固定在水凝胶的表面被修改用 2-iminothiolane (图 1B)。此反应是使用表 1B中的卷执行的。前体水凝胶溶液用10% 重量/体积的 PEGDA 与膝部 (...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Patterning Bioactive Proteins or Peptides on Hydrogel Using Photochemistry for Biological Applications at JoVE.com

Patterning Bioactive Proteins or Peptides on Hydrogel Using Photochemistry for Biological Applications

在这个方法中, 我们使用聚合和点击化学技术在聚乙二醇 (PEG) 水凝胶表面创造蛋白质或肽模式, 提供固定化的生物活性信号来研究细胞反应体外.

生物活性蛋白或多肽在水凝胶上的应用

There are many biological stimuli that can influence cell behavior and stem cell differentiation. General cell culture approaches rely on soluble factors ...

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Bioengineering

Cell Patterning on Photolithographically Defined 
Parylene-C: SiO2 Substrates

Cell Patterning on Photolithographically Defined 
Parylene-C: SiO2 Substrates

在光刻技术定义的聚对二甲苯-C细胞图案：二氧化硅<sub&gt; 2</sub&gt;基板

Cell patterning platforms support broad research goals, such as construction of predefined in vitro neuronal networks and the exploration of certain ...

科研

生物工程

In situ TEM of Biological Assemblies in Liquid

In situ TEM of Biological Assemblies in Liquid

就地 液体生物组件的 TEM

Researchers regularly use Transmission Electron Microscopes (TEMs) to examine biological entities and to assess new materials. Here, we describe an ...

Hydrogel Nanoparticle Harvesting of Plasma or Urine for Detecting Low Abundance Proteins

血浆或尿液的水凝胶纳米粒子收获检测低丰度蛋白

Novel biomarker discovery plays a crucial role in providing more sensitive and specific disease detection. Unfortunately many low-abundance biomarkers ...

Delivery of Proteins, Peptides or Cell-impermeable Small Molecules into Live Cells by Incubation with the Endosomolytic Reagent dfTAT

交货蛋白质，多肽或细胞不可渗透的小分子进入活细胞被孵化与核内体溶解试剂dfTAT

Macromolecular delivery strategies typically utilize the endocytic pathway as a route of cellular entry. However, endosomal entrapment severely limits the ...

Fabrication of Mechanically Tunable and Bioactive Metal Scaffolds for Biomedical Applications

加工机械可调和生物活性金属支架的生物医学应用

Biometal systems have been widely used for biomedical applications, in particular, as load-bearing materials. However, major challenges are high stiffness ...

Light-mediated Formation and Patterning of Hydrogels for Cell Culture Applications

用于细胞培养应用光介导的形成和构图的水凝胶

Click chemistries have been investigated for use in numerous biomaterials applications, including drug delivery, tissue engineering, and cell culture. In ...

A Versatile Method of Patterning Proteins and Cells

图案蛋白质和细胞的通用的方法

Substrate and cell patterning techniques are widely used in cell biology to study cell-to-cell and cell-to-substrate interactions. Conventional patterning ...

Rapid, Scalable Assembly and Loading of Bioactive Proteins and Immunostimulants into Diverse Synthetic Nanocarriers Via Flash Nanoprecipitation

快速, 可伸缩的组装和负载的生物活性蛋白和免疫增强剂到不同的合成 Nanocarriers 通过闪光 Nanoprecipitation

Nanomaterials present a wide range of options to customize the controlled delivery of single and combined molecular payloads for therapeutic and imaging ...

Biological Compatibility Profile on Biomaterials for Bone Regeneration

骨再生生物材料的生物相容性曲线

Large non-union bone fractures are a significant challenge in orthopedic surgery. Although auto- and allogeneic bone grafts are excellent for healing such ...

Preparation and Characterization of Nanoliposomes for the Entrapment of Bioactive Hydrophilic Globular Proteins

生物活性亲水球状蛋白的纳米脂质体制备与表征

Liposome nanocapsules have been applied for many purposes in the pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and food industries. Attributes of liposomes include their ...