Name: localization of odorant receptor genes in locust antennae by rna in situ hybridization
Uploaded: 2017-07-13T13:00:00
Description: Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Localization of Odorant Receptor Genes in Locust Antennae by RNA In Situ Hybridization at JoVE.com

Este trabalho é apoiado por uma doação da National Natural Science Foundation of China (nº31472037). A menção de nomes comerciais ou produtos comerciais neste artigo é exclusivamente para fornecer informações específicas e não implica recomendação.

NOTA: Para limitar a degradação de ARN, prepare soluções usando água destilada em autoclave em húmido (a 121 ° C por 60 min) e também materiais em autoclave em molhado. 1. Preparação de RNA ISH Sondas anti-sentido e sentido <ol><li> Objetivo amplificação e purificação de genes <ol><li> Primeiro, produza um fragmento de cadeia dupla de 387 pb de L. migratoria OR1 ( LmigOR1 , GenBank: JQ766965) a partir do plasmídeo contendo o cDNA completo d...

<ol>
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F., Wang, G., Su, C. Y., Zwiebel, L. J., Carlson, J. R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Odorant+reception+in+the+malaria+mosquito+Anopheles+gambiae.">Odorant reception in the malaria mosquito Anopheles gambiae.</a> Nature. 464 (7258), 66-71 (2010).</li><li>Hallem, E. A., Carlson, J. R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Coding+of+odors+by+a+receptor+repertoire.">Coding of odors by a receptor repertoire.</a> Cell. 125 (1), 143-160 (2006).</li><li>Wang, G., Carey, A. F., Carlson, J. R., Zwiebel, L. J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Molecular+basis+of+odor+coding+in+the+malaria+vector+mosquito+Anopheles+gambiae.">Molecular basis of odor coding in the malaria vector mosquito Anopheles gambiae.</a> Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 107 (9), 4418-4423 (2010).</li><li>Hassanali, A., Njagi, P. G., Bashir, M. O. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Chemical+ecology+of+locusts+and+related+acridids.">Chemical ecology of locusts and related acridids.</a> Annu Rev Entomol. 50, 223-245 (2005).</li><li>Schaeren-Wiemers, N., Gerfin-Moser, A. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+single+protocol+to+detect+transcripts+of+various+types+and+expression+levels+in+neural+tissue+and+cultured+cells:+in+situ+hybridization+using+digoxigenin-labeled+cRNA+probes.">A single protocol to detect transcripts of various types and expression levels in neural tissue and cultured cells: in situ hybridization using digoxigenin-labeled cRNA probes.</a> Histochemistry. 100 (6), 431-440 (1993).</li><li>Vosshall, L. B., Amrein, H., Morozov, P. S., Rzhetsky, A., Axel, R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+spatial+map+of+olfactory+receptor+expression+in+the+Drosophila+antenna.">A spatial map of olfactory receptor expression in the Drosophila antenna.</a> Cell. 96 (5), 725-736 (1999).</li><li>Yang, Y., Krieger, J., Zhang, L., Breer, H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+olfactory+co-receptor+Orco+from+the+migratory+locust+(Locusta+migratoria)+and+the+desert+locust+(Schistocerca+gregaria):+identification+and+expression+pattern.">The olfactory co-receptor Orco from the migratory locust (Locusta migratoria) and the desert locust (Schistocerca gregaria): identification and expression pattern.</a> Int J Biol Sci. 8 (2), 159-170 (2012).</li><li>Schultze, A., et al. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+co-expression+pattern+of+odorant+binding+proteins+and+olfactory+receptors+identify+distinct+trichoid+sensilla+on+the+antenna+of+the+malaria+mosquito+Anopheles+gambiae.">The co-expression pattern of odorant binding proteins and olfactory receptors identify distinct trichoid sensilla on the antenna of the malaria mosquito Anopheles gambiae.</a> PLoS One. 8 (7), e69412 (2013).</li><li>Xu, H., Guo, M., Yang, Y., You, Y., Zhang, L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Differential+expression+of+two+novel+odorant+receptors+in+the+locust+(Locusta+migratoria).">Differential expression of two novel odorant receptors in the locust (Locusta migratoria).</a> BMC Neurosci. 14, 50 (2013).</li><li>Saina, M., Benton, R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Visualizing+olfactory+receptor+expression+and+localization+in+Drosophila.">Visualizing olfactory receptor expression and localization in Drosophila.</a> Methods Mol Biol. 1003, 211-228 (2013).</li><li>Guo, M., Krieger, J., Gro&#223;e-Wilde, E., Mi&#223;bach, C., Zhang, L., Breer, H. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Variant+ionotropic+receptors+are+expressed+in+olfactory+sensory+neurons+of+coeloconic+sensilla+on+the+antenna+of+the+desert+locust+(Schistocerca+gregaria).">Variant ionotropic receptors are expressed in olfactory sensory neurons of coeloconic sensilla on the antenna of the desert locust (Schistocerca gregaria).</a> Int J Biol Sci. 10 (1), 1-14 (2013).</li><li>You, Y., Smith, D. P., Lv, M., Zhang, L. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=A+broadly+tuned+odorant+receptor+in+neurons+of+trichoid+sensilla+in+locust,+Locusta+migratoria.">A broadly tuned odorant receptor in neurons of trichoid sensilla in locust, Locusta migratoria.</a> Insect Biochem Mol Biol. 79, 66-72 (2016).</li><li>Jiang, X., Pregitzer, P., Grosse-Wilde, E., Breer, H., Krieger, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Identification+and+characterization+of+two+"Sensory+Neuron+Membrane+Proteins"+(SNMPs)+of+the+desert+locust,+Schistocerca+gregaria+(Orthoptera:+Acrididae).">Identification and characterization of two "Sensory Neuron Membrane Proteins" (SNMPs) of the desert locust, Schistocerca gregaria (Orthoptera: Acrididae).</a> J Insect Sci. 16 (1), 33 (2016).</li><li>Angerer, L. M., Angerer, R. C., Wilkinson, D. G. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=In+situ.+hybridization+to+cellular+RNA+with+radiolabelled+RNA+probes.">In situ. hybridization to cellular RNA with radiolabelled RNA probes.</a> In situ hybridization. , 2 (1992).</li><li>Komminoth, P., Merk, F. B., Leav, I., Wolfe, H. J., Roth, J. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Comparison+of+35S-+and+digoxigenin-labeled+RNA+and+oligonucleotide+probes+for+in+situ+hybridization.+Expression+of+mRNA+of+the+seminal+vesicle+secretion+protein+II+and+androgen+receptor+genes+in+the+rat+prostate.">Comparison of 35S- and digoxigenin-labeled RNA and oligonucleotide probes for in situ hybridization. Expression of mRNA of the seminal vesicle secretion protein II and androgen receptor genes in the rat prostate.</a> Histochemistry. 98 (4), 217-228 (1992).</li><li>Leary, J. J., Brigati, D. J., Ward, D. C. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Rapid+and+sensitive+colorimetric+method+for+visualizing+biotin-labeled+DNA+probes+hybridized+to+DNA+or+RNA+immobilized+on+nitrocellulose:+Bio-blots.">Rapid and sensitive colorimetric method for visualizing biotin-labeled DNA probes hybridized to DNA or RNA immobilized on nitrocellulose: Bio-blots.</a> Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 80 (13), 4045-4049 (1983).</li><li>Hallem, E. A., Ho, M. G., Carlson, J. R. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=The+molecular+basis+of+odor+coding+in+the+Drosophila+antenna.">The molecular basis of odor coding in the Drosophila antenna.</a> Cell. 117 (7), 965-979 (2004).</li><li>Jones, W. D., Nguyen, T. A., Kloss, B., Lee, K. J., Vosshall, L. B. <a target="_blank" href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/query.fcgi?db=PubMed&cmd=Search&doptcmdl=Citation&defaultField=Title+Word&term=Functional+conservation+of+an+insect+odorant+receptor+gene+across+250+million+years+of+evolution.">Functional conservation of an insect odorant receptor gene across 250 million years of evolution.</a> Curr Biol. 15 (4), R119-R121 (2005).</li></ol>

É difícil realizar RNA ISH para localizar genes OU em antenas de insetos porque os níveis de expressão de genes OR, exceto ORco , são muito baixos e a preservação de fatias histológicas de antenas de insetos é muito difícil. Além disso, a detecção TSA também é muito complicada. Para resolver esses problemas, as seguintes medidas devem ser tomadas. As antenas são selecionadas a partir de gafas adultas de muda que possuem cutículas antenas finas e macias, que mantêm sua morfologia no slide. As a...

As antenas de insetos, que são os órgãos quimiossensores mais importantes, são cobertas com muitas estruturas parecidas com o cabelo - chamadas sensilla - que são inervadas pelos neurônios receptores olfatórios (ORNs). Na membrana de ORN de insetos, os receptores de odorantes (OR), um tipo de proteína contendo sete domínios transmembranares, são expressos com um coreceptor (ORco) para formar um heterômero que funciona como um canal iónico 1 , 2 , 3 odorante. OUs diferentes respondem a diferentes combinações de compostos químicos 4 , 5 , 6 . Os gafanhotos ( Locusta migratoria ) dependem principalmente de pistas olfativas para desencadear comportamentos importantes 7 . As ERs do Locustão são fatores-chave para a compreensão dos mecanismos olfativos moleculares. Localizando um gene OR específico para o neurônio de umO tipo de sensibilidade morfológicamente específico por ARN In Situ Hybridization (RNA ISH) é o primeiro passo na exploração da função OR. RNA ISH usa uma sonda de ARN complementar marcada para medir e localizar uma sequência de ARN específica em uma seção de tecido, células ou montagens inteiras in situ , fornecendo informações sobre processos fisiológicos e patogênese da doença. As sondas de ARN marcadas com marcadores de digoxigenina (marcados com DIG) e de biotina foram amplamente utilizadas na hibridação de ARN. A marcação de ARN com digoxigenina-11-UTP ou biotina-16-UTP pode ser preparada por transcrição in vitro com polimerases de ARN de SP6 e T7. As sondas de ARN marcadas com DIG e biotina possuem as seguintes vantagens: não radioativas; seguro; estável; altamente sensível; Altamente específico; E fácil de produzir usando PCR e transcrição in vitro . As sondas de ARN marcadas com DIG e biotina podem ser detectadas cromogenicamente e fluorescentemente. As sondas de ARN marcadas com DIG podem ser detectadas com Alkali anti-digoxigeninaAnticorpos conjugados com fosfatase (AP) que podem ser visualizados quer com os substratos quimioluminescentes altamente sensíveis cloreto de tetrazólio nitroblue / sal de 5-bromo-4-cloro-3-indolil-fosfato toluidina (NBT / BCIP) utilizando um microscópio óptico ou com 2 -hidroxi-3-naftoico-2&#39;-fenilanilida fosfato (HNPP) acoplado com sal de cloreto de hemi-zinco de 4-cloro-2-metilbenzenodiazónio (Fast Red) utilizando um microscópio confocal. As sondas de ARN marcadas com biotina podem ser detectadas com anticorpos conjugados anti-biotina com estreptavidina de rabo cavalo (HRP) que podem ser visualizados com fluoresceína-tiramides usando um microscópio confocal. Assim, a hibridação fluorescente in situ de duas cores pode ser realizada para detectar dois genes alvo em uma fatia usando sondas de RNA marcadas com DIG e biotina. O RNA ISH com sondas marcadas com DIG e / ou biotina foi utilizado com sucesso para localizar genes relacionados ao olfato, tais como OR , receptor ionotrópico, proteína de ligação aos odorantesE proteína da membrana neuronal sensorial, em antenas de insetos de, entre outras, Drosophila melanogaster , Anopheles gambiae , L. migratoria e gafanhoto do deserto, Schistocera gregaria 8 , 9 , 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 . No entanto, existem dois desafios substanciais ao executar RNA ISH para insetos OR: (1) OU genes (exceto ORco ) são expressos em níveis baixos e somente em algumas células, tornando a detecção de sinal muito difícil e (2) preservando o tecido de insetos para Histologia, de modo que a morfologia seja preservada e o ruído de fundo seja baixo, pode ser desafiador. Neste artigo, um protocolo detalhado e eficaz descrevendo RNA ISH para localizar genes OR em insetosAntenas são apresentadas, incluindo a detecção cromogênica e de ampliação de sinal de Tyramide (TSA).

<table>
	<tbody>
		<tr>
			<td>Materials</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>2&#215;TSINGKETM Master Mix</td>
			<td>TSINGKE, China</td>
			<td>TSE004</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>RNase-free H2O</td>
			<td>TIANGEN, China</td>
			<td>RT121-02</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>REGULAR AGAROSE G-10</td>
			<td>BIOWEST, SPAIN</td>
			<td>91622</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Binding buffer</td>
			<td>TIANgel Midi Purification Kit, TIANGEN, China</td>
			<td>DP209-02</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Balance buffer</td>
			<td>TIANgel Midi Purification Kit, TIANGEN, China</td>
			<td>DP209-02</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Wash solution</td>
			<td>TIANgel Midi Purification Kit, TIANGEN, China</td>
			<td>DP209-02</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>T Vector</td>
			<td>Promega, USA</td>
			<td>A362A</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>T4 DNA Ligase</td>
			<td>Promega, USA</td>
			<td>M180A</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Escherichia coli DH5&#945;</td>
			<td>TIANGEN, China</td>
			<td>CB101</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Ampicillin</td>
			<td>Sigma, USA</td>
			<td>A-6140</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Isopropyl &#946;-D-1-thiogalactopyranoside</td>
			<td>Inalco, USA</td>
			<td>1758-1400</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl-&#946;-D-galactopyranoside</td>
			<td>SBS Genetech, China</td>
			<td>GX1-500</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Nco I</td>
			<td>BioLabs, New England</td>
			<td>R0193S</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Spe I</td>
			<td>BioLabs, New England</td>
			<td>R0133M</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>DIG RNA Labeling Kit</td>
			<td>Roche, Switzerland</td>
			<td>11175025910</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Biotin RNA Labeling Kit</td>
			<td>Roche, Switzerland</td>
			<td>11685597910</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>DNase</td>
			<td>DIG RNA Labeling Kit, Roche, Switzerland</td>
			<td>11175025910</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>LiCl</td>
			<td>Sinopharm, China</td>
			<td>10012718</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Ethanol</td>
			<td>Sinopharm, China</td>
			<td>10009257</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Acetic acid</td>
			<td>BEIJING CHEMICAL REGENTS COMPANY, China</td>
			<td>10000292</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Tissue-Tek O.C.T. Compound</td>
			<td>Sakura Finetek Europe, Zoeterwoude, Netherlands</td>
			<td>4583</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Slides</td>
			<td>TINA JIN HAO YANG BIOLOGCAL MANUFACTURE CO., LTE, China</td>
			<td>FISH0010</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>HCl</td>
			<td>Sinopharm, China</td>
			<td>80070591</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Millex</td>
			<td>Millipore, USA</td>
			<td>SLGP033RS</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Tween 20</td>
			<td>AMRESCO, USA</td>
			<td>0777-500ML</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Nitroblue tetrazolium chloride / 5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl-phosphate toluidine salt</td>
			<td>Roche, Switzerland</td>
			<td>11175041910</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Glycerol</td>
			<td>Sinopharm, China</td>
			<td>10010618</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Name</td>
			<td>Company</td>
			<td>Catalog Number</td>
			<td>Comments</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Solutions</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>1&#215;Tris-acetate-EDTA</td>
			<td>Sigma, USA</td>
			<td>V900483-1KG</td>
			<td>0.04mol/L Tris-Base</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>1&#215;Tris-acetate-EDTA</td>
			<td>BEIJING CHEMICAL REGENTS COMPANY, China</td>
			<td>10000292</td>
			<td>0.12%acetic acid</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>1&#215;Tris-acetate-EDTA</td>
			<td>Sigma, USA</td>
			<td>03677</td>
			<td>Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid disodium salt (EDTA)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Luria-Bertani (LB) liquid medium</td>
			<td>Sinopharm, China</td>
			<td>10019392</td>
			<td>10g/L NaCl</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Luria-Bertani (LB) liquid medium</td>
			<td>MERCK, Germany</td>
			<td>VM335231</td>
			<td>10g/L Peptone from casein (Tryptone)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Luria-Bertani (LB) liquid medium</td>
			<td>MERCK, Germany</td>
			<td>VM361526</td>
			<td>5g/L Yeast extract</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>LB solid substrate plate</td>
			<td>Sinopharm, China</td>
			<td>10019392</td>
			<td>10g/L NaCl</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>LB solid substrate plate</td>
			<td>MERCK, Germany</td>
			<td>VM335231</td>
			<td>10g/L Peptone from casein (Tryptone)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>LB solid substrate plate</td>
			<td>MERCK, Germany</td>
			<td>VM361526</td>
			<td>5g/L Yeast extract</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>LB solid substrate plate</td>
			<td>WISENT ING, Canada</td>
			<td>800-010-CG</td>
			<td>15g/L Agar Bacteriological Grade</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>10&#215;phosphate buffer saline (pH7.1)</td>
			<td>Sinopharm, China</td>
			<td>10019392</td>
			<td>8.5%NaCl</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>10&#215;phosphate buffer saline (pH7.1)</td>
			<td>Sigma, USA</td>
			<td>V900041-500G</td>
			<td>14mM KH2PO4</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>10&#215;phosphate buffer saline (pH7.1)</td>
			<td>Sigma, USA</td>
			<td>V900268-500G</td>
			<td>80mM Na2HPO4</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>10&#215;Tris buffered saline (pH7.5)</td>
			<td>Sigma, USA</td>
			<td>V900483-1KG</td>
			<td>1M Tris-Base</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>10&#215;Tris buffered saline (pH7.5)</td>
			<td>Sinopharm, China</td>
			<td>10019392</td>
			<td>1.5M NaCl</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Detection Buffer (DAP) &#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; chromogenic detection pH9.5&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; TSA detection pH8.0</td>
			<td>Sigma, USA</td>
			<td>V900483-1KG</td>
			<td>100mM Tris-Base</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Detection Buffer (DAP) &#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; chromogenic detection pH9.5&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; TSA detection pH8.0</td>
			<td>Sinopharm, China</td>
			<td>10019392</td>
			<td>100mM NaCl</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Detection Buffer (DAP) &#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; chromogenic detection pH9.5&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160;&#160; TSA detection pH8.0</td>
			<td>Sigma, USA</td>
			<td>V900020-500G</td>
			<td>50mM MgCl2&#183;6H2O</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>20&#215;saline-sodium citrate (pH7.0)</td>
			<td>Sinopharm, China</td>
			<td>10019392</td>
			<td>3M NaCl</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>20&#215;saline-sodium citrate (pH7.0)</td>
			<td>Sigma, USA</td>
			<td>V900095-500G</td>
			<td>0.3M Na-Citrate</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>4% paraformaldehyde solution (pH9.5)</td>
			<td>Sigma, USA</td>
			<td>V900894-100G</td>
			<td>4% paraformaldehyde</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>4% paraformaldehyde solution (pH9.5)</td>
			<td>Sigma, USA</td>
			<td>V900182-500G</td>
			<td>0.1M NaHCO3</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Sodium Carbonate Buffer (pH10.2)</td>
			<td>Sigma, USA</td>
			<td>V900182-500G</td>
			<td>80mM NaHCO3</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Sodium Carbonate Buffer (pH10.2)</td>
			<td>Sigma, USA</td>
			<td>S7795-500G</td>
			<td>120mM Na2CO3</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Formamide Solution (pH10.2)</td>
			<td>MPBIO, USA</td>
			<td>FORMD002</td>
			<td>50% Deionized Formamide</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Formamide Solution (pH10.2)</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td>5&#215;saline-sodium citrate</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Blocking Buffer in Tris buffered saline</td>
			<td>Roche, Switzerland</td>
			<td>11175041910</td>
			<td>1% Blot</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Blocking Buffer in Tris buffered saline</td>
			<td>AMRESCO, USA</td>
			<td>0694-500ML</td>
			<td>0.03% Triton X-100</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Blocking Buffer in Tris buffered saline</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td>1&#215;Tris buffered saline</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Alkaline phosphatase solution</td>
			<td>Roche, Switzerland</td>
			<td>11175041910</td>
			<td>1.5 U/ml anti-digoxigenin alkaline phosphatase conjugated antibody</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Alkaline phosphatase solution</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Blocking Buffer in Tris buffered saline</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Alkaline phosphatase/ horse radish peroxidase solution</td>
			<td>Roche, Switzerland</td>
			<td>11175041910</td>
			<td>1.5 U/ml anti-digoxigenin alkaline phosphatase conjugated antibody</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Alkaline phosphatase/ horse radish peroxidase solution</td>
			<td>TSA kit, Perkin Elmer, USA</td>
			<td>NEL701A001KT</td>
			<td>1% anti-biotin streptavidin horse radish peroxidase- conjugated antibody</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Alkaline phosphatase/ horse radish peroxidase solution</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Blocking Buffer in Tris buffered saline</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Hybridization Buffer</td>
			<td>MPBIO, USA</td>
			<td>FORMD002</td>
			<td>50% Deionized Formamide</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Hybridization Buffer</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td>2&#215;saline-sodium citrate</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Hybridization Buffer</td>
			<td>Sigma, USA</td>
			<td>D8906-50G</td>
			<td>10% dextran sulphate</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Hybridization Buffer</td>
			<td>invitrogen, USA</td>
			<td>AM7119</td>
			<td>20 &#181;g/ml yeast t-RNA</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Hybridization Buffer</td>
			<td>Sigma, USA</td>
			<td>D3159-10G</td>
			<td>0.2 mg/ml herring sperm DNA</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>2-hydroxy-3-naphtoic acid-2&#39;-phenylanilide phosphate/ 4-chloro-2-methylbenzenediazonium hemi-zinc chloride salt substrate</td>
			<td>Roche, Switzerland</td>
			<td>11758888001</td>
			<td>1% 2-hydroxy-3-naphtoic acid-2&#39;-phenylanilide phosphate (10mg/ml)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>2-hydroxy-3-naphtoic acid-2&#39;-phenylanilide phosphate/ 4-chloro-2-methylbenzenediazonium hemi-zinc chloride salt substrate</td>
			<td>Roche, Switzerland</td>
			<td>11758888001</td>
			<td>1% 4-chloro-2-methylbenzenediazonium hemi-zinc chloride salt (25mg/ml)</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>2-hydroxy-3-naphtoic acid-2&#39;-phenylanilide phosphate/ 4-chloro-2-methylbenzenediazonium hemi-zinc chloride salt substrate</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td>Detection Buffer</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Tyramide signal amplification substrate</td>
			<td>TSA kit, Perkin Elmer, USA</td>
			<td>NEL701A001KT</td>
			<td>2% fluorescein-tyramides</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Tyramide signal amplification substrate</td>
			<td>TSA kit, Perkin Elmer, USA</td>
			<td>NEL701A001KT</td>
			<td>Amplification Diluent</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Name</td>
			<td>Company</td>
			<td>Catalog Number</td>
			<td>Comments</td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Instrument</td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Freezing microtome</td>
			<td>Leica, Nussloch, Germany</td>
			<td>Jung CM300 cryostat</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Spectrophotometer</td>
			<td>Thermo SCIENTIFIC, USA</td>
			<td>NANODROP 2000</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Optical microscope</td>
			<td>Olympus, Tokyo, Japan</td>
			<td>Olympus IX71microscope</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
		<tr>
			<td>Confocal microscope</td>
			<td>Olympus, Tokyo, Japan</td>
			<td>Olympus BX45 confocal microscope</td>
			<td></td>
		</tr>
	</tbody>
</table>

localization of odorant receptor genes in locust antennae by rna in situ hybridization

Os insetos evoluíram sofisticados sistemas de recepção olfativa para detectar sinais químicos exógenos. Esses sinais químicos são transduzidos por neurônios receptores olfatórios (ORNs) alojados em estruturas parecidas com o cabelo, chamados de quimiosensila, das antenas. Nas membranas dos ORN, pensa-se que os receptores de odorantes (RUP) estão envolvidos na codificação de odor. Assim, ser capaz de identificar genes localizados nas ORNs é necessário reconhecer genes OR e fornece uma base fundamental para novos estudos funcionais in situ . Os níveis de expressão de RNA de OR específicos em antenas de insetos são muito baixos e a preservação do tecido de insetos para a histologia é desafiadora. Assim, é difícil localizar um OR para um tipo específico de sensilla usando hibridização in situ RNA. Neste artigo, é introduzido um protocolo de hibridação in situ ARN detalhado e altamente eficaz, particularmente para genes OR de insetos pequenos. Além disso, um OR específico Gene waS identificado pela realização de experiências de hibridação in situ fluorescentes de duas cores utilizando um gene de receptor coexpressivo , Orco , como marcador.

Com a detecção cromogênica, um pequeno subconjunto das células antenais em todas as seções antenais adultas foi indicado pelas sondas antisentidades LmigOR1 e LmigOR2 marcadas com DIG ( Figura 3 ). ARN ISH em secções consecutivas para localizar LmigOR1 e LmigOR2 mostrou que as células que expressam antenares os dois genes foram localizados em aglomerados ORN expressam LmigORco, indicando que o LmigOR1...

Watch this Scientific Journal Video about Localization of Odorant Receptor Genes in Locust Antennae by RNA In Situ Hybridization at JoVE.com

Localization of Odorant Receptor Genes in Locust Antennae by RNA In Situ Hybridization

Este artigo descreve um protocolo de hibridação in situ ARN detalhado e altamente eficaz, particularmente para genes de receptores de odorantes (OR) de baixo nível, bem como outros genes, em antenas de insetos usando sondas marcadas com digoxigenina (DIG) ou marcadas com biotina.

Localização de Genes de Receptor de Odorantes em Antenas de Locustídeo por RNA<em&gt; In Situ</em&gt; Hibridação

Insects have evolved sophisticated olfactory reception systems to sense exogenous chemical signals. These chemical signals are transduced by Olfactory ...

Research

JoVE Journal

Neuroscience

Localization of Odorant Receptor Genes in Locust Antennae by RNA In Situ Hybridization

Double Fluorescence in situ Hybridization in Fresh Brain Sections

Double Fluorescence in situ Hybridization in Fresh Brain Sections

Fluorescência dupla In situ Hibridação nas Seções cérebro fresco

Here we describe a modified version of a double fluorescence in situ hybridization (dFISH) method optimized for detecting two mRNAs of interest in fresh ...

Neurociência

Combining Lipophilic dye, in situ Hybridization, Immunohistochemistry, and Histology

Combining Lipophilic dye, in situ Hybridization, Immunohistochemistry, and Histology

Combinando corante lipofílico, In situ Hibridação, imunohistoquímica e histologia

Going beyond single gene function to cut deeper into gene regulatory networks requires multiple mutations combined in a single animal.  Such analysis of ...

Multi-unit Recording Methods to Characterize Neural Activity in the Locust (Schistocerca Americana) Olfactory Circuits

Multi-unit Recording Methods to Characterize Neural Activity in the Locust Schistocerca Americana Olfactory Circuits

Multi-unidade Métodos de gravação para caracterizar a atividade neural no Locust (<em&gt; Schistocerca Americana</em&gt;) Circuitos olfatórias

Detection and interpretation of olfactory cues are critical for the survival  of many organisms. Remarkably, species across phyla have strikingly similar ...

Detection of the Genome and Transcripts of a Persistent DNA Virus in Neuronal Tissues by Fluorescent In situ Hybridization Combined with Immunostaining

Detection of the Genome and Transcripts of a Persistent DNA Virus in Neuronal Tissues by Fluorescent In situ Hybridization Combined with Immunostaining

A detecção do genoma e Transcrições de um vírus DNA persistente em tecidos neuronais por fluorescentes Em situ Hibridização Combinado com Imunocoloração

Single cell codetection of a gene, its RNA product and cellular regulatory proteins is critical to study gene expression regulation. This is a challenge ...

Detection of Axonally Localized mRNAs in Brain Sections Using High-Resolution In Situ Hybridization

Detection of Axonally Localized mRNAs in Brain Sections Using High-Resolution In Situ Hybridization

Detecção de Axonally localizada mRNAs em seções do cérebro Usando de alta resolução<em&gt; In Situ</em&gt; Hibridização

mRNAs are frequently localized to vertebrate axons and their local translation is required for axon pathfinding or branching during development and for ...

Combining Double Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization with Immunolabelling for Detection of the Expression of Three Genes in Mouse Brain Sections

Combining Double Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization with Immunolabelling for Detection of the Expression of Three Genes in Mouse Brain Sections

Combinando Duplo Fluorescência<em&gt; In Situ</em&gt; A hibridação com imunomarcação para a detecção da expressão de três genes em secções do cérebro do rato

Detection of gene expression in different types of brain cells e.g., neurons, astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, oligodendrocyte precursors and microglia, can ...

Live-cell Measurement of Odorant Receptor Activation Using a Real-time cAMP Assay

Viver-pilha medição de odorante Receptor de ativação usando um ensaio de campo em tempo real

The enormous sizes of the mammalian odorant receptor (OR) families present difficulties to find their cognate ligands among numerous volatile chemicals. ...

Identification of Dopamine D1-Alpha Receptor Within Rodent Nucleus Accumbens by an Innovative RNA In Situ Detection Technology

Identification of Dopamine D1-Alpha Receptor Within Rodent Nucleus Accumbens by an Innovative RNA In Situ Detection Technology

Identificação de Receptor de dopamina D1-alfa dentro roedores núcleo Accumbens por uma inovador RNA In Situ tecnologia da deteção

In the central nervous system, the D1-alpha subtype receptor (Drd1&#945;) is the most abundant dopamine (DA) receptor, which plays a vital role in ...

Real-time In Vitro Monitoring of Odorant Receptor Activation by an Odorant in the Vapor Phase

Em tempo real em Vitro monitoramento da ativação do Odorant Receptor por um odorante na fase de Vapor

Olfactory perception begins with the interaction of odorants with odorant receptors (OR) expressed by olfactory sensory neurons (OSN). Odor recognition ...

Analysis of Spliceosomal snRNA Localization in Human Hela Cells Using Microinjection

Análise da localização de snRNA Spliceosomal em células HeLa humanas usando microinjeção

Biogenesis of spliceosomal snRNAs is a complex process involving both nuclear and cytoplasmic phases and the last step occurs in a nuclear compartment ...